江苏省南京市2021届高三英语三模考试试题含解析

精品资料江省京届高三语模试题含析第部英语识用共节满35分）第节单填（15小题每分，分15分）认阅下各，题所给A,B,C,D四选中选最选，在题纸将项黑1.Weliveinthissocietynow________literallysomeoneisalwayshelping.A.whenC.that

B.whereD.what【答案】【解析】【详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：我们现在生活在这样一个确实有人一直在帮助我们的社会里。本句为定语从句修饰先行词society且先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，故用where相于inwhich。故选B2.Themapletreesturnabrilliantredinautumn,addinganothertotheintheharvestseason.A.themeC.category

B.versionD.dimension【答案】【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：枫叶在秋天变成了鲜红的颜色，为丰收的季节增添了另一抹色彩theme主version版category种类dimension维采dimension此处理解为“色彩；风采”，故选。3.Patrickwaited________alltheluggagewasbuthisneverappeared.A.untilC.when

B.beforeD.while【答案】【解析】【详解】考查状语从句连接词。句意：他一直等到所有的行李都清理完毕，但是他的行李迟

精品资料迟未出现。until直才B.before在…之前C.when当…时候；while当…时候。根据句意，表示“直到……才”应用until/till，选A。4.—Look!iscrazilyforsomethingagain!—_____,shecan’tfindkeys.A.Typically

B.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Particularly【答案】【解析】【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：——看!玛丽在疯狂地找东西了!——一向如此，她找不到钥匙了A.Typically典B.Occasionally尔C.Accordingly因此D.Particularly特别是。这里typically相当inawaythataorgroupisgenerallybelievedto“向如此”，故选A。的5.Cambridgegaveaanswerinquiriesonwhetheritrecognizesgaokaoscores.A.infavorofC.insaluteto

B.inresponsetoD.inconsequenceof【答案】【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在回答是否承认高考分数的问题时，剑桥给出了积极的回答favorof支inresponseto回应into致inconsequenceof由……的缘故。表示“回应inresponseto，故选B。6.Wildanimalsinnaturereservesneedtotheirsurvivalskillsandtheirwildnature.A.displayC.maintain【答案】【解析】

B.possessD.monitor

精品资料【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自然保护区的野生动物需要发展他们的生存技能，保持他们的野生本性A.display表B.possess拥有；C.maintain保；monitor监控。根据句意故应选maintain，表示保持”。选C7.IneverwonderedbeforewhetherornothewasWithglance,IquicklythatheprobablywasnA.agreedC.explained

B.reportedD.decided【答案】【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从没有问过他是不是招孩子喜欢，但是乍一眼看到他，我觉得他并不是招孩子喜欢的那种类型A.agreed同B.reported报；explained解释；decided决定明确。表示做出了这个判断用，选D。8.Thesameboilingwatersoftensthepotatoandhardenstheegg.Itabout________you’remadeof,notthecircumstances.A.thatC.how

B.whatD.who【答案】【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：同样的沸水使土豆变软，使鸡蛋变硬。重要的是你是由什么构成的，而不是环境。本句位于介词about后，是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，用what，选B。9.—Excuseme,doyoumindifIthewindow?—Well,ifyou__________.Icanputonmoreclothes.A.canC.must【答案】【解析】

B.mayD.shall

精品资料【详解】考查情态动词。句意：-不好意思，我把窗户打开你介意吗?-好，如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服A.能B.may可能C.must一定；必须；D.shall会；将。表偏要，必须做的事情，故选C10.Withthenumberofhomecomingoverseasstudents________upinyears,theattractionofforeigndegreehasgraduallyfaded.A.shotC.shooting

B.beingshotD.toshoot【答案】【解析】【详解】考查固定用法。句意：近年来，由于归国留学生人数的激增，外国学位持有者的吸引力逐渐减弱。本句为with的合结构shoot与overseasstudents构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作原因状语，故选。11.---Haveyouheardtheyareworkingaroundtheclocktocompeteprize?---Donworry.Wearereadytothechallenge.A.buildupC.stickto

B.takeupD.leadto【答案】【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意你听说了他们昼夜不停地为争夺奖品而工作-不要担心。我们准备迎接挑战了。A.buildup增进；加强B.up开从事；C.stickto坚持；to导。短语takeupthechallenge迎接挑战”，故选B。12.---Isthereanychanceofbeingpromoted?---Ifyouapromotion,you’dbetterrathergetyourway.A.playthegameC.raisethe【答案】【解析】

B.crossyourfingersD.killthefattedcalf

精品资料【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：-我有升职的机会吗-如果你想升职，你最好循规蹈矩，不要为所欲为playthegame章办事规矩crossyourfingers祈好运C.raisetheredflag警告；the设宴欢迎。根据句意，故选A。13.—Howcouldtheymisunderstandthat?—Justkeepsilent!Itthebestwayletthemknowtheyyouwrong.A.doC.aredoing

B.didD.haddone【答案】【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意-们怎么能那样误解我?保持默这让他们知道他们做错了你的最好方式。根据howcould可知件事情发生在过去，所以用didyouwrong来表示过去他们错怪了你。故选B14.Ourteamisworld-classanditwasnosurprisethatwebysuchamargin.A.lowC.wide

B.highD.narrow【答案】【解析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我们的球队是世界级的，我们以如此大的优势获胜并不令人惊讶。low低；high高的C.wide的；D.narrow窄。短语wide表示差距很大，故选C。15.---I’lltheblueone.Thisistwentydollars.---’sthechange..A.BestwishesC.Haveaniceday

B.MypleasureD.Let’scallitaday【答案】【解析】【详解】考查习惯用语。句意:-要蓝色这个。给你20美-这是零钱。祝您生活愉快。

A.Bestwishes

精品资料最美好的祝愿；B.My很幸C.aday过得愉快；D.Let’scallita收。haveaniceday是售货员与顾客告别的告别语。D.let'scallita是带头人对下属，我们今天到此结束。故选C。第节完填What'sallthistree--plantingfor?"wasaskedwhenIbeganwritingabout___16___apieceoflandIhadboughtinSomerset.Thetruthis,Ijustlovetrees.AndIamnot___17___AsIgetolder,allIreally___18___istoplanttrees,PrinceCharlessaysinaBBCdocumentaryinwhichheis___19___inthewoodheplantedonthedayPrinceGeorgewasborn.Thereare___20___andwonderfultreesinourcitiesandvillages.Theywereplanted,orself-sown,years,evencenturiesago.Wetakeforgranted,___21___thecreatureslivingamonginignoranceofthetreesaredoingus(cleaningtheair,forinstance)andcutthemdownfornew___23___.Yetwekeepaof___24___forthem.Thismayaccountforthe___25___thegovernmentfacedin2010whensoughttooffpubliclyownedwoods,forthesupportthattheWoodlandTrusttree-protecting___26___.Treesneed___27___,whichiswhyI,acity-resident,mySomersetwoodlandin1999.Atthattime,changewasalreadywellproved,___28___myhopesofplantinglong-livedoakspinesgraduallydevelopedintoanxietyabouttheir___29___.TreediseasesnewtoUK,wind,droughtandfloodwereall___30___againstthem.ButIdidnot___31___thingstomovesofast.Thewoodlandisstillgood,thenewtreesaregrowinglikemad,butthecreatures___32___.Therabbitshavedisappearedandtheowlhasmoved.Thebeesandbutterfliesare___33___therebutinnumbers.Howcanthishappenonland___34___pesticides(杀虫剂)？Surely,itindicatesweneedtogivenaturethechancetorestoreitsown___35___.Meanwhile,Ilovemywood,andsodomanyofvisitors.Andtree-plantingwondersforrestoringmybalancetowncountry.16.A.replacingB.restoringC.recyclingD.

精品资料returning17.A.rich18.A.applyfor19.A.filmed

B.weakB.waitforB.tracked

C.aloneC.makeforC.reflected

D.socialD.longforD.discovered20.A.holymysterious

B.youngC.matureD.21.A.raise22.A.honor23.A.use24.A.trust

B.watchB.goodB.spiritB.sadness

C.ignoreC.creditC.lifeC.betrayal

D.abuseD.justiceD.hopeD.affection25.A.approval26.A.wins

B.oppositionB.rejects

C.optionC.requires

D.dilemmaD.withdraws27.A.spacenutrition

B.timeC.companyD.28.A.since29.A.benefits

B.forB.chances

C.yetC.location

D.soD.appearance30.A.pilingup31.A.wish32.A.inplace

B.speedingupB.intendB.inorder

C.keepingupC.allowC.indecline

D.mixingupD.expectD.inquestion33.A.even34.A.shortof35.A.glory

B.stillB.sickofB.function

C.everC.freeofC.impact

D.onceD.fullofD.balance【答案】16.B17.C18.D19.A20.C21.22.B23.A24.D25.B26.A27.A28.D29.30.31.D32.C33.B34.C35.D

精品资料【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者写树木给人带来的好处，和自己买下一块萨默塞特林地种树，种树的目的就是维持人与自然的平衡。【16题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我写我在恢复萨默塞特购买的那片土地时，我被问道：种这些树是为了什么？A.replacing替代restoring复recycling回收用returning归还。根据最后一句Andtree-plantinghasdonewondersrestoringmybalancetownandcountry，得知作者种树是了恢复土地，故选。【17题解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不是只有我一个人有这种想法A.富的B.weak虚的；alone独自；D.social社会的。空格后引用了Prince的—“我开始变老我想的就是种树”可他作者有相同的观点，因而作者说自己notalone。选C。【18题解】考查动词短语辨析意着龄增长唯渴望的就是种树applyfor申waitfor等待C.make有于D.long渴望。作者唯一渴望的就是种树，故选D。【19题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意PrinceCharles在参演的BBC录片里面说到“我开始变老。我所想的就是种树”filmed拍B.tracked踪C.reflected反射D.discovered发现。根据documentary(纪录)可知选filmed故选A【20题解】考查形容词词义辨析成熟美丽的大树holy神圣的young年轻的成熟的；mysterious神的空格后面一句写到这些树被种或者自己成长在几年以前或者是几个世纪前，因而推测出我们村庄的这些树是成熟(mature)，选C。【21题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们认为这些树是理所当然的，忽视了生活在其中的其他生物，忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处砍下树木另作他用A.raise上升；B.watch看；C.ignore忽；abuse滥用空格后有Ignorance,所以这里选择Ignore。故选C。【22题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处砍下树木另作他用。A.荣B.good好处C.credit信D.justice义空后有cleantheair(净

精品资料化空气等处所选择good扬树木。故选。【23题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：忽视了生活在其中的其他生物，忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处砍下树木另作他用A.use途；spirit精；C.生；hope希。人们忽视树木的好处，为了新的用途而砍树，故选A【24题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们对树木有喜爱之情。A.trust信；B.sadness悲伤C.背；affection喜。根据上文表示转折，上文写我们忽视了树木给我们带来的好处，砍伐他们，然而我们内心对树木还是有喜爱之情的。故选D。【25题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可以解释政府在2010年试图卖掉公有树木时遭遇了反对，因为获得了广泛的支持approval支B.反C.选择；dilemma困境。WoodlandTrust(树木保组织)获胜。上文是公众喜爱树木,所以该是反对政府卖树的。故选B。【26题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：树木保护组织赢了A.wins赢；B.rejects拒绝；C.requires要求；withdraws撤退。因为得了widesupport所以WoodlandTrust(树木保护组织)赢了。故选A。【27题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：树木生长需要空间space空B.time

时间C.company公司；nutrition营养。,我1999年买下萨默塞特林地的原因是树木需要空间。故选A。【28题解】考查连接词辨析。句意：当时，气候变化已经得到了很好的证明，所以我种植长寿橡树和松树的希望逐渐变成了焦虑。A.since从；for因；yet但是；so因。前后是因果关系。故选D。【29题解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，气候变化已经得到了很好的证明，所以我种植长寿橡树和松树的希望逐渐变成了焦虑benefits益；B.chances机；location位置D.appearance外表气候变化已证,所以我对树木是否有生长机会的忧虑。故选B。【30题解】

精品资料考查动词短语辨析句狂干旱洪水共同抵抗他们pilingup堆B.speedingup加；C.keepingup

保持；mixingup混。这里讲到影响树木生长的阻碍。故选A。【31题解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我没预料到事态发展的如此之快A.wish祈；intend打算；allow允；D.expect期；预料。因为林地目前很好，但新树苗在疯长。故选。【32题解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：生物的数量在减少A.inplace适当；inorder整；indecline下inquestion考虑中的提到树木在疯长转可知creatures的数量应该在减(indecline)。故选。【33题解】考查副词辨析。句意：蚂蚁和蝴蝶仍然有，但是数量减少了A.甚；B.still仍；C.ever曾；D.一。根据减少得知前面是虽然still存在故选B。【34题解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们如何让这片土地上的生物摆脱杀虫剂呢？shortof缺乏；of厌恶C.freeof摆D.of满。杀虫剂阻碍生物生长，要摆脱它们。故选C。【35题解】考查名词词义辨析句我要给自然机会去维持自身的均衡glory荣function功能；impact影；balance平。我们要给自然机会去维持自身的均,和最后一句restoremybalance呼。故选D第部阅读解共15；小2分，分30分）请真读面文从文各所的A、B、D四个项中选最选，在答纸讲题黑

.WelcometoFraserIslandYouradventureunfoldsOncedepartingBeachwestartfromInskipPointbyvehicleferry.Watchoutdolphins.Northwardbound—travelby4WD(4wheeldrive)alongthegoldenhighwayof75MileBeachSwimatcrystalclearfreshwaterLAKEMCKENZIE—famousforitsturquoisecolorsandwhitesands.Delicious“Aussiestyle”sizzlingbushBBQwithicycolddrinks.Primitiverainforest—luxuriantcanopyofpalmsandvines.EliCreek—timeforalazydip.ShipwreckoftheSSMaheno-builtinScotland1904-apermanenttotheNorthernBeachsince1935.IntriguingColoredSandsformations—partofthisWorld’slargestsandisland.※Rememberthisisa4WDsafariandmaynotbesuitableiforifyouhaveabadback.※Dresscomfortably—it’snotfashionparade!Bringyourswimmers

精品资料ComplimentarycolddrinksPrimeRibFilletSteakORlocalawardwinning100%beefsausagesandonionsORFish—delicatewhitefilletswithlemon,ORVegetarian.Burger—specialblendseasonalvegetables.GENERALCONDITIONS:Toursmayduetotidalorweatherconditions.Asweareasmallcompanyandprepareourownfood,cancellationfeeshavetoapply.NOTRECOMMENDEDFORYOUNGCHILDREN.CodfordPty.Ltd.TradingasFraserIslandNatureToursABN80010870729

精品资料andcamera.36.WhichofthefollowingismentionedaboutFraserIsland?A.Considerablesizeandcheapsouvenirs.B.Authenticfoodimpressivefood.C.Targetvisitorsandmodernarchitecture.D.Convenienttransportationandlonghistory.37.Accordingtotheleaflet,visitorsshouldA.dresstheirfashionableclothesC.payextramoneyforcancellation【答案】36.B37.C

B.provideahealthcertificateD.followthefixedtripplans

精品资料【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Fraser岛特色饮食和旅游事项。【36题解】细节理解题。根据Delicious“Aussiestyle”BBQwithcolddrinks.Primitiverainforest—luxuriantcanopyofpalmsand可FraserIsland有正宗的、令人印象深刻的食物。故选。【37题解】细节理解题。根据全文最后一句Asweareasmallandprepareourownfood,cancellationfeeshaveapply.可取消是要额外付费的，故选。BLikealotofhealth-careprofessionals,Dr.BrianGoldmanfindsitextremelydifficulttodrawboundariesbetweenhisworkandpersonallives.“There’sthisviewthatyoushouldsuckitupdoonemorething,saystheERphysicianandhostofCBC’sCoat,BlackArt.Goldmanexpense.

Butthat“onemorething”oftencomesat“Youexhaustedandapatientortheirfamilylookatyouwithbeggingeyes,”hesays.“Sohavethisdilemma:thatyourshiftisovergiveuntil’retotallyspent?”Goldman’sworkcombinedwithfamilytensionafterhismotherwasdiagnosedwith20yearsago.Caringforheroveradecadewasdifficult,aswasdealingwithhisfather’sgrief.“Whenelseisyouhavetograbalifepreserverandsaveyourself,Goldman.Settingboundariesisn’tjustimportantforbusyprofessionals;everyonecanbenefitfrommanagingsituationsthatcauseunduestresspain.Herearesometips.First,“Ifsomeone’sbehaviormakesyouanditcouldbefromthewaytheyspeaktoyoutorepeatedlysticktotheirpromise---thenthere’sroomtosetlimits,”PatrickKeelan,aCalgarypsychologist.Weoftenavoidsettinglimitsbecauseweprioritizethehappinessandcomfortofothersoverours.Inordertocontrolhisimpulse,Goldmansuggeststhedevelopmentofboundariesasofself-kindness.Whenfacinganoverwhelming

精品资料situationliketheonehewasinwithhisfather,Goldmansuggestsreflectingonwhatismakingyoufeeluncomfortable,orunappreciated.“Youcan’trelatetoothersorbekindtoothersif’tkindtoyourself,”hesays.Second,onceyou’veofneeds,settingandmaintainingboundariesrequiresclearverbalcommunication.Therearethreeobstaclestoenforcingboundariesarelationship:fear,guiltandself-doubt,sayspsychologistNicoleMaCance.Weoftenfearifwesetlimits,theotherpersonwillrejectus,orwefeelbadclaimingourneeds.KeelanproposessettinggroundrulesbeforerelationshipsbecomeStartbycooperativelylistingvalues---likerespect,support,and---andthenbuildingtheguidelinesfromtheseIfyou’restrugglingtoreachaconsensus,Keelanrecommendsengagingathirdparty,suchasatherapist,tohelp.Now,ifyouwantaboundarystickto,can’tenablesomeoneinbreakingit.Assuch,itcrucialtoconsequencesfortransgressions(越轨).Otherwise,McMancesays,“you’repermissiontoviolatethatboundary.”Ifthey’trespectboundaries,havetodosomesoul-searchingaboutthevalueoftherelationship.“Whenyoufeelmoreyoufeelgoodthispersonpresence,andwhenrelationshipisimpactingyourandhappiness,it’stimetoreassess,”saysMcCance.Sayingnoishard,butshesuggestsframingitasyeshealthierrelationships.“We’reallbettermothersandpartnersandbrotherswhenwehaveboundaries.38.WhatdoweaboutGoldman?A.Heisinneedofsupportinhiswork.B.Heiscaughtbetweenhisworkandlife.C.Heslidesintothestateofdesperation.D.Healwaysputshisfamilyatthefirstplace.39.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisimpulse”referto?A.prioritizingothers’happinessC.failingtosticktotheirpromiseboundaries

B.avoidingsettingD.framingthedevelopmentof

40.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Docommunicate.C.Identifyyourlimits.

精品资料B.Donotcross.D.Saynoandmeanit.【答案】38.B39.A40.B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章提到设定界限对忙碌的职场人士很重要。同时作者给出两点保持界限的建议：第一是设限，第二是清晰的口头沟通。作者认为当我们有界限的时候，我们都是更好的母亲、更好的伴侣、更好的兄弟。【38题解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Goldmanfindsitextremelydifficulttodrawboundariesbetweenhisworkandpersonallives可知Goldman发他很难在他的工作和个人生活之间划清界限。因此答案选择B。【39题解】词义猜测题。根据划线部分含义为“这种冲动”，那么这种冲动是什么要根据前一句提到的是weprioritizehappinessandcomfortof可知是指“我们把他人的快乐和舒适放在首位”，故选。【40题解】主旨大意题。根据最后一句’reallbettermothersandpartnersandbrotherswhenwehaveboundaries.可知作者认为我们有界限的时候，我们都是更好的母亲、更好的伴侣、更好的兄弟。且结合文章内容为一致讲到界限边界，提醒人们在处理人和人之间关系的时候不要越界。因此选择B最符合。CBabieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Bytheageofone,theycanrecognisethesignificantnoisesthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults,becomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweenareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,butlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificant－thephonemes音)ofalanguage－eachcoverarange

,,精品资料,,ofandsovaguedistinctionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages.Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydotheyshiftovertime?Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We’dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.Huntergathererlanguagesveryseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodentals齿音)－thosesuchasfandarebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethemforexample.Butindiscoveredfarming,theseconsonants)aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmoreandmoredairythangatherers.Eitherway,theytochewmushless,tobitelesswiththeirfrontSofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音)ones:oneexampleisthatfcometotakeplaceofp.Romanssaid“pater”butEnglishspeakers(unlessthey’reRees－Moggs)say“father”.Beyondtheseparticularchangesthestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning,andthemeaningcan’texistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedthephysical,asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.foodweeatshapesjaws,andourjawsinturnshapetheofourlanguage.Theeasewhichweeatprobablyourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.Whatweeatmayhaveshapedtheourlanguage,butwechangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguageexpress.familymealisverydifferentfromasandwichatofficedesk,evenifcalorieisthesame.FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate味觉.

精品资料41.Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmore.A.createsignificantnoisesC.understandtheGreeklanguage

B.classifytheformsofD.distinguishmeaningfulsounds42.Accordingtothepassage,whichoffollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?A.Lipsandteeth.C.Ageandregions.

B.Jobsandhabits.D.Foodandthinking.43.Thereasonforfarmers'makingsoundsof“f”“vis.A.enjoyingmorecookedfoodsC.constantlyharderfoods

B.bitingmorefrontteethD.growingupwithlagerlowerjaws44.Bywritingthispassage,theintendstoreveal.A.jawshelpshapeourB.fooddeterminesourthoughtC.diethassomeinfluenceonlanguageD.languageconsistsofsoundandmeaning【答案】41.D42.D43.A44.【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要叙述了人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。且以f和v的音为例，揭示了农民们发“f”和“v”音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结语言必须把声音和意义结合起来，没有真实的物体，意义就不可能存在或传播。41题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Bytheageofone,theyrecognizethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemalanguage.可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音，故选D。【42题解】细节理解题。第二段第二句Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布，部分可以用饮食来解释。本段提到和diet是有关系的也就是food食；另外也和思考有关theproductof本最后说到和两者都有关系。因此答案选择D。

精品资料【43题解】细节理解题。根据第三段Theargumentfamerseatmorecookedandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即农民们发“f”和“v”音的原因是他们喜吃更多的熟食。故选A【44题解】主旨大意题据二段We’dthinkofasproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.可知任何一种语言的诞都必须同时具备思想和饮食这两种因素的影响。以及文章内容可知叙述的都是日常饮食和发音对语言的影响，故选。DBritishchildrenusedtoplayconkers板栗游戏)intheautumnwhenthehorse-chestnuttreesstartedtodroptheirshinybrownnuts.Theywouldselectasuitablechestnut,drillaholeinitandthreaditontoastring,thenswingtheirconkeratthatofanopponentuntiloneofthembroke.Butthegamehasfallenoutoffavour.Childrenspendlesstimeoutdoorsandrarelyaccesstochestnuttrees.Besides,manyschoolshaveconkersgames,mightcauseinjuriesornutallergies.Thatsortof规风)nowspreadsthrougheveryaspectofchildhood.Playgroundshavealltheexcitementdesignedoutthemtomakethemsafe.Manygovernments,particularlyinsocietiessuchasAmerica,tighteneduptheirrules,requiring监管youngchildrenfarmorecloselyinthepast.FrankFuredioftheUniversityofKent,amodernparenting,arguesthatallowingchildrentounsupervisedorleavingthemathomealoneisincreasinglydescribedasaofirresponsibleparenting.Inpart,suchincreasedcautionaresponsetoofchanges.Large-scaleurbanization,andmoremobilefamilies,themoveofwomenintothelabormarketthedigitizationofmanyoflifehaveunavoidablychangedthewaythatpeoplebringuptheirchildren.Thereischancethatanyofthesetrendswillbechanged,sotoday'smoreintensive(精化)parentingstyleislikely

精品资料togoon.Suchparentingpracticesnowbywealthyparentsinpartsoftherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,gofarbeyondanadjustmenttochangesinexternalconditions.Theymeanastrongbidtoensurethattheadvantagestheparents’generationarepassedontheirchildren.Sincesuccessinlifenowturnsmainlyoneducation,suchwilldotheirbesttoprovidetheirchildrenwiththeschooling,thecharactertrainingandthesocialskillsthatwillaccesstothebestuniversitiesandlaterthemostattractivejobs.Tosomeextentthathasthecase.Buttherearemoresuchparentsnow,andtheyarecompetingwitheachotherforwhateconomistscallpositionalgoods.Thiscompetitionstartsevenbeforethechildrenareborn.Thewealthyclasseswilltaketheirtimetoselectasuitablespouseandgetandwillstartafamilyonlywhentheyfeelreadyforit.Childrenlessadvantagedbackgrounds,bycontrast,oftenbeforetheirparentsarereadyforthem.In60%ofbirthstosinglewomenunder30areunplanned,andover40%ofchildrenbornoutsidemarriage.Theresult,certainlyinAmerica,hasbeentowidenalreadymassivesocialinequalitiesyetfurther.Alltheevidencesuggeststhatchildrenfrompoorerbackgroundsareatadisadvantagealmostasasareborn.Bytheageoffiveorsixtheyarefarless“school-ready”thantheirbetter-offpeers,soanyattemptstohelpthemcatchuphavetostartlongbeforetheygettoschool.Americahassuccesswithvariousschemesinvolvingregularhomebynursesorworkerstolow-incomefamilieswithalsohaslongexperiencewithprogrammesforyoungchildrenfrompoorfamiliesthatcombinesupportforparentswithgood-qualitychildcare.Suchprogrammesdoseemtomakedifference.Withoutextraeffort,childrenfromlow-incomefamiliesinmostcountriesaremuchlesslikelythantheirbetter-offpeerstoattendpreschooleducation,thoughtheyaremorelikelytobenefitit.Anddatafrom’sprogrammesuggestthatchildrendatleasttwoyearsofpreschooleducationtoperformattheirbestwhentheyare15.Sothemostpromisingwaytoensuregreaterequalitymaybetomakeearly-years

精品资料educationandcareforwidelyavailableandmoreaffordable,asitisintheNordics.Somegovernmentsarealreadyrethinkingtheireducationalpriorities,shiftingsomeoftheirspendingtotheearlyyears.Mostrichcountriesdecidedmorethancenturyagothatfree,compulsoryeducationforallchildrenwasworthwhileinvestmentforThereisnowanargumentforstartingpreschooleducationsomecountrieshavealreadydone.Inthefaceofcrushingnewinequalities,amodernversionapproachisworthtrying.45.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Moreattentionisonchildren’ssafety.B.Moreandmoreparentsarebecomingirresponsible.C.Childrenarenolongerinterestedinactivities.D.Parentsareadvisedtospendmoretimewiththeirchildren.46.WhichofthefollowingaboutintensiveparentingstyleisTRUE?A.Chancesarethatthisstylecouldbechanged.B.Financialpressureforcesparentstostricter.C.Richfamiliesadoptsuchstyletokeeptheiradvantages.D.Suchstyleislargelyinfluencedthesizeoffamily.47.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?A.Economistsofferpracticaladvicetoguideparenting.B.Ahappymarriagesecureschildren’ssocialpositions.C.Unfairdivisionofresourcesparentsmad.D.Parentsarestrugglingfortheirchildren’sedgeoverpeers.48.Whichisthepropermeasuretonarrowthegapbetweentherichpoor?A.ParentsarepersuadedtobirthtobabiesintheirlaterB.Fundsareprovidedforpoorchildrenaftertheyareadmittedtoschool.C.Newbabiesinlow-incomefamiliesaresenttoorsocialD.Childrenfromlow-incomefamiliesareensuredreceiveearlyeducation.49.What’stheauthor’stowardsinvestmentinpre-schooleducation?A.SupportiveB.Disapproving

精品资料C.SkepticD.Unconcerned50.Theauthorbeginsthepassagewiththegameofconkersto.A.showcompetitionoverweighscooperationB.implyeducationalinequalitiesshouldbebrokenC.makereadersawareoftherulesofD.indicatethegameitstochildren【答案】45.A46.C47.D48.49.50.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。如今儿童安全被密切关心着。大规模的城市化、规模更小、流动性更强的家庭、女性进入劳动力市场以及生活方方面面的数字化，都不可避免地改变了人们抚养子女的方式。这些趋势几乎不可能被改变，所以今天更精细化的教育方式可能会继续下去。【45题解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Thatsortofrisk-averseness(规风险)nowspreadsthrougheveryaspectchildhood.Playgroundshaveexcitementdesignedoutofthemtomakethem可现在很多地方都过分强调儿童的安,并举了板栗游戏被禁止的例子可知儿童安全被密切心,故选A。【46题解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Suchparentingpracticesnowembracedbywealthyinmanypartsoftherichworld,particularlyingofarbeyondanadjustmenttochangesinexternalconditions.知如今，在许多富裕国家，尤其是美国，富有的父母们所接受的这种育儿方式，远远超出了对外部环境变化的适应。即富裕家庭采用精细化教育方式来保持他们的优势。故选C。【47题解】推理判断题。根据上文第四段最后一句suchparentswilldotheirbesttoprovidetheirchildrenwiththeschooling,thecharactertrainingandthesocialsecureaccesstothebestuniversitiesandlaterthemostattractivejobs.可知多家长都想要给孩子最好,最的教最好的看,最好的培训。可推测划线句所在的意思为现这种情况在家长中愈演愈导致家长想要去跟其他家长进行竞争。故选D。【48题解】细节理解题。第八段第一句themostpromisingwaygreaterequalitymaybe

精品资料tomakeearly-yearseducationandcareforwidelyavailableandmoreaffordable,asitisinthe可让孩子们的生活水平变得更好地最有希望的办法就是让他们接受早期教,故选D。【49题解】细节理解题。根据第八段第一句可知要让这些早期教育变得能让更多的人支付得起，以及下文后一句Somegovernmentsarealreadyrethinkingtheireducationalpriorities,shiftingsomeoftheirspendingtotheearlyyears.可知现在有些政府也在重新思考他们的教育支,投入更多的钱在早教上，可知作者是支持这一行为的，故选A。【50题解】推理判断题。本题可用排除法项提到展示了竞争的分量已经大过了合,文章中并没体现故除A选项；选中提到使读者知道这个游戏的办法，结合文章内容可知文章不是要介绍这个游,故排除C选D项表这个游戏对孩子们失去了吸引,文中说的是不让孩子们玩这个游戏，故排除D；上，故选。第部任务阅（10小题每题分满10分请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单。注意：请将答案谢在答题纸上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。Onthesurface,onewouldbehard-pressedtofindmanysimilaritiesbetweenchancellorAngelaMerkel,BangladeshiprimeSheikhHasina,andpresi