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2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]
or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;the
tenn“plantneurobiology^^was]aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehavior
couldbe2tointelligenceinanimals.3plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectrical
signalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat4consciousness,
researcherspreviouslyreported.
Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtotheauthorsofthenewarticle.Plantbiologyisplexand
fascinating,butit5sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called6ofplants9intelligenceis
inconclusive,theauthorswrote.
Beginningin2006,somescientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthat
interactwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,8"aplantnervoussystem,9tothat
inanimals,“saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,“They10claimedthatplantshave'brain
likemandcenters'attheirroottips.^^
This11makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofaplexbrain,12ittoan
arrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsomunicatethroughelectricalsignals.13,the
signalinginaplantisonly14similartothefiringinaplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan
“amassofcellsthatmunicatebyelectricity,Taizsaid.
“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold15ofplexityandcapacityis
required,nhe16.“Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,the17thattheyhaveconsciousness
areeffectivelyzero.”
Andwhafssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan'trunawayfrom18,so
investingenergyinabodysystemwhich19athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery
20evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.
1.[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued
2.[A]attributed[B]directed[C]pared[D]confined
3.[A]unless[B]when[C]once[D]though
4.[A]copedwith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extended
5.[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs
6.[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation[D]creation
7.[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested
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8.[A]adapting[B]fbnning[C]repairing[D]testing
9.[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]sensitive
10.[A]just[B]ever[C]still[D]even
11.[A]restriction[B]experiment[C]perspective[D]demand
12.[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]returning[D]exposing
13.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise
14.[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficially[D]imaginarily
15.[A]list[B]level[C]label[D]local
16.[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]added
17.[A]chances[B]risks[C]excused[D]assumptions
18.[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control
19.[A]represents[B]includes[C]reveals[D]recognizes
20.[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easy
SectionIIReadingprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Peopleoftenplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrash
littertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereand
don'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.
They"weep”outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesfor
institutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplastic
objectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfrom
Disneyfilms,DavidBowiecostumes,thefirstartificialheart.
Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talways
knowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiring
afewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It'slike
bakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,“shesays."Theobjectyoumakeis
alreadyatimebomb.^^
Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPiaoGilardibeganto
createhundredsofbright,colorfulfbampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandother
itemsaswellasafewdozen“naturecarpets^^——largerectanglesdecoratedwithfbampumpkins,
2/22
cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewarnedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeantthey
hadtobedurable.
Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstableIt'sespeciallyvulnerable
tolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplitting
andcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.
SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilaidi'ssculptures.Theyinfusedsome
withstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals"sunscreens”
becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproud
thatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.
DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten9s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Old
objectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,are
increasinglymon.
Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorof
conservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthat
archaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andso
on-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,"andwhat
wedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthe
futurewe'llbeseen.,,
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin.
[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems
[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts
[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits
[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections
22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare.
[A]immunetodecay
[B]improperlyshaped
[C]inherentlyflawed
[D]plexinstructure
23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto.
[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors.
[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay.
[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed.
[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage.
24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis.
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[A]costly
[B]unworthy
[C]unpopular
[D]challenging
25.InFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts.
[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch
[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance
[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages
[D]hasanimpactontoday'sculturallife
Text2
Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheir
options,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschanged
andwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljoumey.
Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetup
forlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecame
devalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduates
intheUKareinnon-graduateroles;apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECD
countries.
Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,but,ratherstressthatadegreeisnot
fbreveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatother
optionsareavailable.
Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearn
fromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegree
mindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprove
themselvestobemoremittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingthe
advantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementfbrcertainroles.
Forthosefbrwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstof
many.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnow
earn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessenseto
havetwo.
ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobe
constantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthis
generation,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishfbrpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefor
diversity,willworkfbr17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefive
differentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartof
GenerationZ'scareertrajectory.
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Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:"Iama
geographer"or"Iamaclassist.,,Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it'sasif
theyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefinetheminthesameway.
26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould.
[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege
[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage
[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation
[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication
27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect.
[A]MillenniaPsopinionsaboutwork
[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree
[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation
[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility
28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.
[A]GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree
[B]Schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers
[C]Employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees
[D]Parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation
29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould.
[A]makeanearlydecisionontheircareer
[B]attendonthejobtrainingprograms
[C]teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates
[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield
30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.
[B]Theywillmakequalifiededucators.
[C]Degreeswillnolongerappealthem.
[D]Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.
Text3
5/22
Exhilarating,challenging,enlightening,stimulating,inspiring,fun.Theseweresomeofthe
wordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperiencesofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseries
ofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350people
whorespondedtoanacpanyingpollsaidtheyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaid
theywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.
Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisual
artistsanddesignerstohelpthemtomunicatetheirworktonewaudiences."Artistshelpscientists
reachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning,onerespondent
said.
Oneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthesensescamelastmonth
whentheSydneySymphonyOrchestrainAustraliaperformedareworkedversionofAntonio
Vivaldi'sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimate
predictiondataforeachseason——providedbyMonashUniversity'sClimateChangemunication
ResearchHubinMelbourne.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember's
UnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.
Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.Fewerartiststhanscientistsrespondedto
theNaturepoll;however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswith
theirmunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.The
alliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areableto
jointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother'swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnew
researchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.
Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)openedits
CenterfbrAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)inCambridgetoexploretheroleoftechnologyin
culture.Itsfoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight-hencethe'visualstudies*in
thename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andtherefore
couldformthebasisofcollaborationAsscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomore
sub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscould
alsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.
Nature'spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaboration
work,bothsidesneedtobepreparedtobesurprisedandchallenged,toinvesttimeingettingto
knowoneanotherandtotrusttheirdifferentexpertise.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogo
beyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchmunication,andparticipantsmustnotfallintothetrap
ofstereotypingeachother.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,and
challengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.
31.AccordingtoParagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave.
[A]caughttheattentionofcritics
[B]receivedfavorableresponses
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[C]promotedacademicpublishing
[D]sparkedheatedpublicdisputes
32.ThereworkedversionoftheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat.
[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience
[B]sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions
[C]publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture
[D]artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations
33.Someartistsseemtoworrythatintheart-sciencepartnership.
[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated
[B]theirreputationmaybeimpaired
[C]theircreativitymaybeinhibited
[D]theirworkmaybemisguided
34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?
[A]Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.
[B]Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.
[C]Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.
[D]Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.
35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations.
[A]arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations
[B]willintensifyinterdisciplinarypetition
[C]shoulddomorethanmunicatingscience
[D]arebeingmorepopularthanbefore
Text4
ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventan
employerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.
Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.
Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom
“unjustifieddismissals^^.Thepremisewasthatthemonlawofcontractlackedsufficient
safeguardsforworkersagainstcapriciousorarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethe
dayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.
Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagers
andexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiring
poorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverall
performance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethe
7/22
differencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersor
losingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.
Consequently-andparadoxically-lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkers
maybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.
Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessowners
fromdismissingunderperformingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityand
thereforeonworkers'wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand's
ProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivitymissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerial
capabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.
NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA's
unjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofirean
employee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderfbrthemarginal
managertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenofthe
employmentarrangementgoingwrong.
Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissal
regulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwellbeing.
AcrosstheTasman,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcluding
employeesearningaboveaspecified“high-inethreshold^^fromtheprotectionofitsunfair
dismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers'Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-ine
employeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposed
wereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.
36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto.
[A]punishdubiouscorporatepractices
[B]improvetraditionalhiringprocedures
[C]exemptemployersfromcertainduties
[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers
37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatprovisionsmay.
[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment
[B]underminemanagers,authority
[C]affectthepublicimageofthefirms
[D]worsenlabor-managementrelations
38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldtheProductivitymissionsupport?
[A]Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.
[B]Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws.
[C]Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.
8/22
[D]Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.
39.WhatmightbeaneffectoftheERA'Sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?
[A]Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.
[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.
[C]Societyseesariseinoverallwellbeing.
[D]Employersneedtohirenewstaff.
40.Itcanbeinferredthatthe"high-inethreshold”inAustralia.
[A]hassecuredmanagers*earnings
[B]hasproducedundesiredresults
[C]isbeneficialtobusinessowners
[D]isdifficulttoputintopractice
PartB
Directions:
Readthefollowingtextandchoosethecorrectsummarizingstatementforeachperson'sopinion.
Therearetwoextrachoices.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
(41)TeriByrd
Iamazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobe
operatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neither
oneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportant
thantheconditionoftheanimals.
Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou“enhance"enclosures,theydonot
allowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequatetimefbrtransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit's
pasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.
(42)KarenR.Sime
Asazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.But
sheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.
Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucial
formativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswho
hadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.
AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren'sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacethe
excitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Surelytheremustbe
somemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoostreatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.
9/22
(43)GregNewberry
EmmaMarris'sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionatewhowork
tirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchand
decades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationsmittedtoconnecting
childrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.
Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycarefor
animalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.Buttheyare
theexception,notthenormthatMs.Marrisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgood
orbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital.
(44)DeanGallea
Asafellowenvironmentalist,animal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian,Icould
properlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoos,
andtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivity,doserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotfor
opportunitiestoobservethesebeautiful,wildcreaturesclosetohome,manymorepeoplewouldbe
drivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekout,disturbandevenhuntthemdown.
Zoosare,inthatsense,akintonaturalhistoryandarchaeologymuseums,servingtosatisfyour
needfbrcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheir
naturalenvironments.
(45)JohnFraser
EmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudies
focusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnature,andthe
datapointsextractedfromourstudiesdonot,inanyway,discountwhatislearnedinazoovisit.
Zoosaretoolsfbrthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosin
connectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservationand
environmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityfbrpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounter
arangeofanimals,fromdronebeestospringbokorsalmon,tobetterunderstandthenaturalworld
welivein.
A.Zooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbesubjectedtounfaircriticism.
B.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumaneoutesfbrthe
preciouscreaturesintheircare.
C.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy.Zoosplayasignificantroleinstartingyoung
peopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.
10/22
D.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.
E.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebest
alternative.
F.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimals'well
being.
G.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasanindispensablelink
betweenmanandnature.
PartC
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your
translationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(prisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofa
titanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon'sFrench
armyandtheangryinhabitants;betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor's
difficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;betweennewforcesof
scienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalso、andthisis
unknowneventomanyDCODICwellreadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodes
andthosewhobrokethem.
IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhen1wasreadingSir
CharlesOman9sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,
“TheScovellCiphers.,,(47)Itlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtha
FrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell、an
officerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovelPssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,the
generalnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnotanalyzecarefUllywhatthisobscureofficer
mayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanything
muchaboutthemanhimself.1waskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman's
appendix,publishedin1914,wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecret
war.
IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigma
andthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?
StudyingScoveH'spapersatthePublicRecordOffic
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