12月大学英语四级考试真题精解第一套

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）音频PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesoflivinginabigcity.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection，youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Landaspacevehicleonthemoonin2019.B)Designanewgenerationofmobilephones.Setupamobilephonenetworkonthemoon.Gatherdatafromthemoonwithatinydevice.2.A)Itisstable.B)Itisdurable.Itisinexpensive.Itissophisticated.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Itlastedmorethansixhours.B)Noinjurieswereyetreported.Nobodywasinthebuildingwhenitbrokeout.Ithadburnedfor45minutesbythetimefirefightersarrive.4.A)Recruitandtrainmorefirefighters.Pulldownthedesertedshoppingmall.Turntheshoppingmallintoanamusementpark.Findmoneytorenovatethelocalneighborhood.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Shrinkingpotatofarming.Heavyrelianceonimport.Widespreadplantdisease.Insuffcientpotatosupply.6.A)Itintendstokeepitstraditionaldiet.Itwantstoexpanditsownfarming.Itisafraidofthespreadofdisease.Itisworriedaboutunfaircompetition.7.A)Globalwarming.Ever-risingprices.Governmentregulation.Diminishinginvestment.SectionBDirections:Inthissection，youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation，youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Informative.B)Inspiring.Dull.Shallow.9.A)Shetypesonakeyboard.Shedoesrecording.Shetakesphotos.Shetakesnotes.10.A)Itkeepshermindactive.Itmakesherstayawake.Itenableshertothinkhard.Ithelpsherkilltime.11.A)Itenableshertoimproveherpronunciation.Ithelpsherbetterrememberwhatshelearns.Itturnsouttobeanenjoyablewayoflearning.Itprovestobefarmoreeffectivethanwriting.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Tospendherhoneymoon.TotryauthenticIndianfood.TotakephotosoftheTajMahal.Totracetheoriginofalovestory.13.A)Inmemoryofaprincess.Inhonorofagreatemperor.Tomarkthedeathofanemperorofthe1600s.Tocelebratethebirthofaprinces’s14thchild.14.A)Itlooksolderthanexpected.Itisbuiltofwoodandbricks.Itstoreslotsofpricelessantiques.Ithaswallsdecoratedwithjewels.15.A)Theirstreetsarenarrow.Eachonehasauniquecharacter.Theyaremostlycrowded.Lifecanbetediousinsomeplaces.SectionCDirections:Inthissection，youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theyhelpspreadthelatesttechnology.B)Theygreatlyenrichpeople’sleisurelife.Theyprovideresidentswiththeresourcestheyneed.Theyallowfreeaccesstodigitalbooksandvideos.A)Byhelpingthemfindjobs.Bykeepingthemoffthestreets.Byinspiringtheircreativity.Byprovidingaplaceofrelaxation.A)Theirinteractionwithteenagersprovedfruitful.B)Theyusedlibrarieslessoftenthanteenagers.Theytendedtovisitlibrariesregularly.Theirnumberincreasedmodestly.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itisthecleverestcatintheworld.Itisanunusualcrossbreed.ItisthelargestcatinAfrica.Itisalarge-sizedwildcat.20.A)Theyareasloyalasdogs.Theyarefondofsleepingincabinets.Theyhaveunusuallylongtails.Theyknowhowtopleasetheirowners.21.A)Theyshaketheirfrontpaws.Theyshowerwiththem.Theyteachthemtodive.Theyshoutatthem.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Contentedandrelieved.Anxiousanddepressed.Proudbutabitnervous.Excitedbutsomewhatsad.23.A)Itstartsthemomenttheyareborn.Itdependsontheirparentsforsuccess.Itisgainingincreasingpublicattention.Itisbecomingparents’biggestconcern.24.A)Choosetherightschoolforthem.Helpthemtolearnbythemselves.Readbooksandmagazinestothem.Setagoodexampleforthemtofollow.25.A)Theirintelligence.Theirhomelife.Thequalityoftheirschool.Theefforttheyputinlearning.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts，withthemostserious26occurringinthedevelopingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution，whichincludes28likehomeheatingandcooking，hasremained29overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray30itasan“urgentcalltoaction.”“Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe，overwhichindividualshavelittle31，”hesaid.Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld，whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome32nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey33experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.Buttheproblemisnotlimited34tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries，wherediesel(柴油)35havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears，thatnumberreachestensofthousands.abilityassociatedconsciouslyconstantcontroldamagedescribedequalsexclusivelyinnovatedregularlyrelatessourcesunderminevehiclesSectionBDirections:Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgressSeveraltimesamonth，youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph’smarketinHuntingtonBeach，California，wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday，thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau，wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott，givinghersomeideasonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy.“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper，andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare，youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter，partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice，plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni(通心粉)-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”sheasks，herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake，justtohaveherkidsrejectit.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica，over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood，”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor，zerofordiabetes.NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades ，butit’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment，ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications(药物).Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas‘ShopwithYourDoc’，theyaretryingtoprevent，limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes，reversinghighbloodpressure，evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices，”Nadeausays.Inthebigpicture，saysDr.RichardAfable，CEOandpresidentofSt.JosephHoagHealth，medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization，notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital，whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheicondition，alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine，andnotjustgiveawayfood，”saysDr.RitaNguyen，thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating，howtoprepareit，therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”InSouthernCalifornia，LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases，butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution，orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless，physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt，sugar，fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation’shighratesofobesity，diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization，80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure，tobaccouse，elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.“It’sadifferentparadigm(范式)ofhowtotreatdisease，”saysDr.BrendaRea，whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease，inpart，bychangingpatients’nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcenterandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.Thisway，patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy，butalsohowtopreparethemathome.Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook，Reasays，andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem，shesays，canactuallytransformapatient’slife.Andbeyondthat，itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient’sfamily.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison，”Reasays.“Asaphysician，nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflongtermdisease.”Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation(炎症)，forexample，ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral，manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco，thiswillrequireaculturalshift，butthatcanhappen，”saysNguyen.“Inthesamewayphysiciansusedtosmoke，andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit，Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit.”MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself，thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea，butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow，withcertainareasevenhavingtopumpfreshwaterhundredsofmilestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthepopulationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.Newresearchhasfounddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhichcouldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscouldonlyreachdepthsof1，000feet，butduetonewpumpingpractices，waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted(抽取).TheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers(地下蓄水层)belowthisdepthandfoundthatreservesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviouslythought.Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1，000feetforoilandgasextraction，butonlyrecentlyinCaliforniahasitbecomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrangefrom1，000to3，000feetbelowtheground，whichmeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareotherconcerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepisthegradualsettlingdownofthelandsurface.Asthewaterispumpedout，thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbytheweightoftheearthabove.Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive，itisstillcheaperthandesalinating(脱盐)theoceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible，buttheyarecostlytorunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater，andCaliforniaishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirseverewatershortage.Oneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshalloweraquifers.Thismeansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalinationafterextraction，thusincreasingthecost.Researchfromtheexhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshasjustbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterreservesnowgoupto2，700billioncubicmetersoffreshwater.46.HowcouldCalifornia’sdroughtcrisisbesolvedaccordingtosomeresearchers?Bybuildingmorereservesofgroundwater.Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices.Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.47.Whatcanbeinferredaboutextractingwaterfromdeepaquifers?A)Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.48.Whatismentionedasaconsequenceofextractingwaterfromdeepunderground?Thesinkingoflandsurface.Theharmtotheecosystem.Thedamagetoaquifers.Thechangeoftheclimate.49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.50.Whatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareusedaswatersources?People’shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.People’swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheAlphaGoprogram’svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically，meaningcantheybehonestandfairOneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads，soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecanprogramamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove，theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhumandriversdo.Sometimes ，however，theywillfaceachoicebetweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunningacrosstheroad，evenifthatwillputtheirpassengersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoidadog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritself，nottothepassengers?Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars，buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.Teachingethicstoamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo’striumph，Microsoft’s‘chatbot’tookabadturn.Thesoftware，namedTaylor，wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylorwassupposedtobeabletolearnfromthemessagesshereceived.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandleconversations，butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylorracistideas.WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler，MicrosoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessagesAlphaGo’svictoryandTaylor’sdefeathappenedataboutthesametime.Thisshouldbeawarningtous.ItisonethingtouseAIwithinagamewithclearrulesandcleargoals.ItissomethingverydifferenttouseAIintherealworld.Theunpredictabilityoftherealworldmaybringtothesurfaceatroublingsoftwareproblem.EricSchmidtisoneofthebossesofGoogle，whichownsAlphaGo.HethinksAIwillbepositiveforhumans.Hesaidpeoplewillbethewinner，whatevertheoutcome.AdvancesinAIwillmakehumanbeingssmarter，moreableand“justbetterhumanbeings.”51.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowwiththeexampleofAlphaGo’svictory?Computerswillprevailoverhumanbeings.Computershaveunmatchedpotential.Computersareman’spotentialrivals.Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.52.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyAImachinesactingethically?Theyarecapableofpredictingpossiblerisks.Theyweighthegainsandlossesbeforereachingadecision.Theymakesensibledecisionswhenfacingmoraldilemmas.Theysacrificeeverythingtosavehumanlives.53.WhatissaidtobethebiggerchallengefacinghumansintheAIage?Howtomakesuper-intelligentAImachinessharehumanfeelings.Howtoensurethatsuper-intelligentAImachinesactethically.HowtopreventAImachinesdoingharmtohumans.Howtoavoidbeingover-dependentonAImachines.54.WhatdowelearnaboutMicrosoft’s‘chatbot’Taylor?A)Shecouldnotdistinguishgoodfrombad.Shecouldturnherselfoffwhennecessary.Shewasnotmadetohandlenovelsituations.Shewasgoodatperformingroutinetasks.55.WhatdoesEricSchmidtthinkofartificialintelligenceItwillbefarsuperiortohumanbeings.Itwillkeepimprovingastimegoesby.Itwillprovetobeanassettohumanbeings.Itwillbeheretostaywhatevertheoutcome.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序（apps）的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示，尽管智能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题精解（第一套）PartIWriting【范文评注】Asmoreandmorepeoplefloodinbigcities，hopingtomakethemostoftheopportunitiestheyoffer，theseexpandingurbancentresarebecominglessagreeable，andurbanpeoplearefacingnumerousnewchallenges.1Firstly2，thegrowingpopulationaddstothecongestionandpollutionthatalreadyexistinbigcities.Peoplehavesqueezedintospace-limitedcities，leadingtomoreunnecessarychaos.Secondly2，fast-risinghousingpriceshavebroughtaboutgreaterpressureonurbanpeople，seriouslyloweringtheirqualityoflife.Lastly2，tomakeabetterliving，peopleareinarushtogetintotheofficeandhome，leavinglittletimetomakeconversationwithotherpeople.Inthelongterm，itwouldbehardforsuchcitiestobecomeharmoniousplacesasweexpect.Therefore，somethoughtfulurbanplanningisneededtomakeourcitiesbetterandsaferplacestolivein.3Governmentsshouldmakemoreeffortstoimprovetheinfrastructureandhousingconditionsandcreateenoughopportunitiesforeducationandemployment.4首段开宗明义，紧扣话题，指出许多城市居民面临众多新的挑战。分三点阐述生活在大城市所面临的挑战体现在哪些方面。结尾段落首先归纳总结，指出需要城市规划来解决这些挑战。补充说明政府应采取的措施有哪些，让论述显得更加完整。【译文】随着越来越多的人涌向大城市，希望充分利用大城市所提供的机会，这些不断扩张的城市中心正在变得不那么宜人，城市居民正在面临众多新的挑战。首先，不断扩大的人口使大城市里原本就存在的拥堵和污染问题雪上加霜。人们都纷纷涌入空间有限的城市，导致了更多不必要的混乱。其次，迅速上涨的房价给城市居民带来了更大的压力，这严重地降低了他们的生活质量。最后，为了更好地谋生，人们匆忙穿梭于办公室和家之间，没有多少时间和其他人沟通。从长期来看，这样的城市很难如我们所期待地那般和谐。因此，需要一些考虑周全的城市规划来让我们的城市变成更好、更安全的居住之地。政府应当做出更大的努力来改善基础设施和住房条件，并创造足够多的教育和就业机会。【要点用法】floodin涌入unnecessary不必要的inthelongterm长期来看，从长远来看makethemostof充分利用chaos混乱，紊乱urban城市的fast-rising迅速上涨的harmonious和谐的agreeable宜人的bringabout带来，导致urbanplanning城市规划numerous无数的，众多的pressure压力makeeffortstodosth.努力做某事congestion拥堵qualityoflife生活品质，生活质量infrastructure基础设施squeezeinto挤入，挤进makeabetterliving更好地谋生employment就业space-limited空间有限的inarush匆匆忙忙leadto导致makeconversationwith...与……沟通、交流【句法点评】Asmoreandmorepeoplefloodinbigcities，hopingtomakethemostoftheopportunitiestheyoffer，theseexpandingurbancentresarebecominglessagreeable，andurbanpeoplearefacingnumerousnewchallenges.本句为一个复合句，主句为theseexpandingurbancentresarebecominglessagreeable，andurbanpeoplearefacingnumerousnewchallenges，句首是由as引导的时间状语从句，而hopingtomakethemostoftheopportunitiestheyoffer是现在分词短语，充当伴随状语，修饰floodin。Lastly，tomakeabetterliving，peopleareinarushtogetintotheofficeandhome，leavinglittletimetomakeconversationwithotherpeople.本句为简单句，句子主干是peopleareinarushtogetintotheofficeandhome，前面的不定式短语tomakeabetterliving表示目的，而后面的现在分词短语leavinglittletimetomakeconversationwithotherpeople则充当areinarushtogetintotheofficeandhome的结果状语。PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionANewsReportOne【听力原文】[1]Adevicethatweighslessthanonekilogramispartofamissionthatwillallowscientiststodeliverfourthgenerationor4Gmobilecoveragetothemoonin2019.Ifsuccessful，thetinydevicewillprovidethemoonwithitsfirst-evermobilephonenetwork.Thelunarnetworkwillsupporthigh-definitionstreamingofvideanddatabetweenthemoonandEarth.ThenetworkispartofMissiontotheMoon.Thisisaprojectwiththegoaloflandingthefirstprivatelypaid-formissiontothemoon.The4GmissionissettolaunchfromCapeCanaveralintheUnitedStatesonaSpaceXFalcon9rocketin2019.MissiontotheMoonintendstoestablishandtestthefirstelementsofacommunicationsnetworkonthemoon.Thescientistsworkingontheprojectoptedtobuilda4Gratherthanafifthgenerationor5Gnetwork.Thisisbecausefifthgenerationnetworksarestillintestingantrialphases.[2]Thismeansthata5Gnetworkmaynotyetbestableenoughtoworkonthemoon’ssurface.Whatarescientistsplanningtodo?Whydidscientistschoosetosetupa4Gnetworkintheirmission?【听前预测】利用播放答题导语的时间，快速浏览每道题的四个选项。由选项关键词moon、mobilephones、network、device、sophisticated可知，这则新闻很可能是关于月球上的移动网络装置的，听音时应侧重这些方面。C【做题提示】四个选项都是动词性短语，其中两项跟月球有关（moon），两项跟手机或手机网络有关（mobilephones、mobilephonenetwork）。听到问题后立刻回忆所听新闻内容，结合选项作答。【解析】新闻首句提到，一个重量不足一公斤的装置是一项（月球）任务的组成部分，该任务将使科学家们能够在2019年将第四代或者说4G移动网络覆盖到月球上。因此选项C为正确答案，排除选项A。A【做题提示】四个选项都以it作主语，且都是主系表结构，可推测本题应该是描述某事物的特征的。听到问题后立刻回忆所听新闻内容，确定it的指代对象，结合选项作答。【解析】由新闻末尾的内容可知，科学家之所以选择在月球上建立4G网络而非5G网络的原因是5G网络还在测试阶段，目前尚不稳定。由此可推测，4G网络足够稳定，所以科学家选择在月球建立4G网络，答案为选项A。NewsReportTwo【听力原文】FirefightersrespondedtoafireWednesdaynightatanabandonedmallinHaywood.Thefirewasreportat9:26pmatanoldshoppingcenteronMissionAvenuenearSt.Mary’sChurch.Sixfireengines，twotrucksandtwochiefsrespondedtothescene.Crewshadthefireundercontrolinabout45minutesandmanagedtocontainthefiretoitspointoforigin.[3]Thereweresomepeopleinsidethebuildingw