2017年职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解模拟题24

2017年职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解模拟题24TheVisuallyImpairedPersonVisualimpairment(损害)carrieswithitareducedorrestrictedabilitytotravelthroughone＇sphysicalandsocialenvironmentuntiladequateorientationandmobilityskillshavebeenestablished.Becauseobservationalskillsaremorelimited,self-controlwithintheimmediatesurroundingsislimited.Thevisualimpairedpersonislessabletoanticipatehazardoussituationsorobstaclestoavoid.Orientationreferstothementalmaponehasofone'ssurroundingsandtotherelationshipbetweenselfandthatenvironment.Thementalmapisthebestgeneratedbymovingthroughtheenvironmentandpiecingtogetherrelationships,objectbyobject,inanorganizedapproach.Withlittleofnovisualfeedbacktoreinforcethismentalmap,avisuallyimpairedpersonmustrelyonmemoryforkeylandmarksandothercluesLandmarksandcluesenablevisuallyimpairedpersontoaffirmtheirpositioninspace.Mobility,ontheotherhand,istheabilitytotravelsafelyandefficientlyfromonepointtoanotherwithinone’sphysicalandsocialenvironment.Goodorientationskillsarenecessarytogoodmobilityskills.Oncevisuallyimpairedstudentslearntotravelsafelyaspedestrians(行人)theyalsoneedtolearntousepublictransportationtobecomeasindependentaspossible.Tomeettheexpandingneedsanddemandsofthevisuallyimpairedperson,thereisasequenceofinstructionthatbeginsduringthepreschoolyearsandmaycontinueafterhighschool.Manyvisuallyimpairedchildrenlackadequateconceptsregardingtimeandspaceorobjectsandeventsintheirenvironment.Duringtheearlyyearsmuchattentionisfocusedonthedevelopmentofsomefundamentalconcepts,suchasinsideoroutside,infrontoforbehind,fastorslow,movementoftraffic,thevarietyofintersections,elevatorsorescalators,andsoforth.Theseconceptsareessentialtosafe,efficienttravelthroughfamiliarandunfamiliarsettings,firstwithinbuildings,theninresidentialneighborhoods,andfinallyinbusinesscommunities.36Whatistheauthormainlytalkingaboutinthepassage?AVisualimpairmentandmemory.BThevisuallyimpairedperson’sphysicalandsocialenvironment.CMentaldevelopmentofthevisuallyimpairedperson.DOrientationandmobilityofthevisuallyimpairedperson.37Thevisuallyimpairedperson’spositioninspace.www.examAisnotdeterminedbymemorybutbyphysicallandmarksandcluesBislocatedinrelationtootheritemsinhismentalmapCenableshimtoconstructthementalmapDreinforcesthementalmapofhissurroundings38Mobilityskillswhichthevisuallyimpairedpersonislearningrefertotheability.AtotravelasadependenttouristBtotravelasapedestrianwithacompanyCtotravelasapedestrianandapassengerDtotravelwithinthesafephysicalandsocialenvironment39Inthepassage,theauthorinsiststhat.AvisuallyimpairedchildrengotoschoolforsurvivalBtheneedsanddemandsofvisuallyimpairedchildrenexpandDpreschoolchildrenreceivetheinstructionintheconceptsoftimeandspaceorobjectsandevents40Howcanweincreasethevisuallyimpairedperson?sabilitytotravelthroughhisphysicalandsocialenvironment?AByhelpinghimdevelopadequateorientationandmobilityskills.BByteachinghimtolearnobservationalskills.CBywarninghimofhazardoussituationsorobstacles.DByimprovinghisvisualability.答案：36D本篇文章作者谈论的主题是什么？A视觉障碍与记忆力；B视觉障碍者的物质环境和社会环境；C视觉障碍者的智力发展；D视觉障碍者的定位与移动能力。37B视觉障碍者在空间的位置：A不是靠记忆确定，而是靠物体标记和线索确定；B靠与他大脑中的其他物体的相对位置关系确定；C使他能够勾画出大脑中的图；D强化环境在他大脑中所形成的图。38C视觉障碍者学习的移动技巧是指哪种能力：A靠别人的帮助旅行；B在陪伴下行走；C作为行人和乘客走动；D在安全的物质和社会环境中