宁夏银川一中2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

第1页/共1页银川一中2022/2023学年度(上)高二期末考试英语试卷第一部分：听力理解(共两节，满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whereisthewomangoingnext?A.ToBuildingH.B.Tothesciencelibrary.C.Tothesouthcampuslibrary.2.Whendoesthewomanplantopickuptheman?A.At8:00.B.At8:15.C.At8:30.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.4.WhatdoesEricthinkofhisnewclassmates?A.Theyaredistant.B.Theyareimpolite.C.Theyaretalkative.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theflight.B.Avacation.C.Thesunset.第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.WhatdoweknowaboutDavid?A.Hehurthislegyesterday.B.Heistheorganizerofthepicnic.C.Heislookingforwardtothepicnic.7.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.RingupDavid.B.PickupDavid.C.Putoffthepicnic.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Howdoesthewomandescribeherneighbor?A.Noisy.B.Nice.C.Cold.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?A.Shelivesintheconvenientsurroundings.B.Shelikeslivinginthecountry.C.Shecan’tsleepintheflat.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wherewillthewomango?A.Toanairport.B.Toasubwaystation.C.Toatrainstation.11.Whydoesthemansuggestthewomanusepublictransportation?A.It’smoreconvenient.B.Shehasmuchluggage.C.Herdestinationisfaraway.12.Howsoonwillthenextbuscome?A.Inaboutthreeminutes.B.Inaboutfiveminutes.C.Inabouteightminutes.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthemandoingtoday?A.Playingsoccer.B.WatchingsocceronTV.C.Goingtoasoccergame.14.Whatistheweathergoingtobelike?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.15.WhendidTinabegintoplaysoccer?A.Threeyearsago.B.Sevenyearsago.C.Elevenyearsago.16.WhatisTina’sdream?A.ToplayintheOlympics.B.Toattendcollege.C.Togetascholarship.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisspecialaboutthefarm?A.Itproducestraditionalclothes.B.ItliesintheAmericancountryside.C.Itshowscountrylifeinthelate19thcentury.18.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodo?A.Wearsportsshoes.B.Tryusingthetools.C.Experiencefarmwork.19.Whatcanchildrendoonthefarm?A.Admirespecialclothes.B.Walkdogs.C.Seefarmanimals.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Towelcomenewstaff.B.Toexplainsomerules.C.Toattractmorevisitors.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADiscoveringthebeautyofthescienceandmathsthatshapeoureverydaylives,anexperienceinWonderLabwillfuelyourimaginationandinspireyoutoseetheworldaroundyouinnewandexcitingways.Comeandenjoyyourself!WhattoseeThere’reloadsofopportunitiesforyoutogetsomeideaofrealscientificphenomenaandtheyareinsevendifferentzones.ObserveliveexperimentsatourChemistryBar,seelightningstrikebeforeyoureyes,playwithforceongiantsidesortravelthroughspaceunderacanopy(天篷状的笼罩物)ofstars.Youcanalsotakepartinexplosivesciencedemonstrationsledbyourtalentedteamofexplainers.With50mind-blowingwondersofsciencetoenjoy,WonderLabisanexperienceunlikeanyother.Besides,aselectionofshowswillbeperformeddailyinWonderLab’sbeautifulnewshowspace.Theyarefreeofchargeandlast20minutes.Tickets•Daypass:£6perperson.Thisticketgivesyouday-longaccesstoWonderLabwhetheryou’replanningaspecialtriptotheMuseumorsimplypassingthroughLondon.•Annualpass:£10perperson.Forlessthanthepriceoftwovisits,giveyourselfayearpackedfullofwonder,curiosityandbreathtakingexperiences.OpeningtimesOpensevendaysaweek,10:00--18:00(lastentry17:15).WonderLabwillbeclosedonDecember24,25and26andwillbeopenasusualfromDecember27.Duringschoolholidaysouropeninghoursare10:00--19:00(lastentry18:15).Pleasenotethatinpeakperiods(frommiddayonwards)weareexperiencinglongqueuesduetothegallery’spopularity.1.WhatcanyoudoinWonderLab?A.Explorestars. B.Producelightning.C.Joininexplosionshows. D.Dochemistryexperiments.2.WhencanyouenterWonderLab?A.10:30onDecember28. B.18:30onschoolholidays.C.11:00onChristmas. D.9:30onDecember23.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.ToexplainhowWonderLabworks. B.TointroduceWonderLab.C.ToanalysewhyWonderLabisattractive. D.ToattractpeopletoWonderLab.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍了WonderLab的活动、票价以及时间安排等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Whattosee介绍内容“Youcanalsotakepartinexplosivesciencedemonstrationsledbyourtalentedteamofexplainers.(你也可以参加由我们有才华的讲解员团队领导的爆炸性科学演示。)”可知，你可以参加我们的天才团队演示的爆破表演，故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。文章Openingtimes段讲到“Opensevendaysaweek,10:00--18:00(lastentry17:15).WonderLabwillbeclosedonDecember24,25and26andwillbeopenasusualfromDecember27.(每周七天开放，10:00至18:00（最后进入时间为17:15）WonderLab将于12月24日、25日和26日关闭，从12月27日起照常开放。)”可知12月28日10:30可以进入WonderLab，故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Discoveringthebeautyofthescienceandmathsthatshapeoureverydaylives，anexperienceinWonderlabwillfuelyourimaginationandinspireyoutoseetheworldaroundyouinnewandexcitingways.Comeandenjoyyourself!(探索塑造我们日常生活的科学和数学之美，在Wonderlab体验将激发您的想象力，并激励您以新的、令人兴奋的方式看待周围的世界。来吧，尽情享受吧！)”可知，本文章主要向读者介绍了Wonderlab的活动、票价以及时间安排等，希望大家来参与，目的在于吸引人们前往Wonderlab参观、游览，故选D。BWhenpeoplefindthemselvesindifficultconflicts,theyoftenturntomediation(调解).Mediatorsareadvisedtolistenattentively,avoidfavoringtheideasofoneparty,andmakebothsidesfeelatease.Surprisingly,newresearchthatmycolleaguesandIconductedsuggeststhat,toeffectivelyhelppeoplesettletheirconflicts,mediatorsshouldadoptanhostile(敌对的)attituderatherthanacalmingone.Ahostilemediator,wefind,bringsbetterresultsthananiceone.Whywouldaddingmorenegativitytoanalreadyhostilesituationprovebeneficial?Considerhowparentstypicallyreactwhentheycan’tgettheirchildrentostopquarreling:“Idon’tcarewhostartedit—bothofyou,gotoyourrooms!”Atfirstsight,acalmmediatorseemslikelytobemoreeffective.Butasanyonewithbrothersorsistersknowsparents,seeminglyunsympathetictreatmentofthesituationcanhaveanunusualeffect.Childrenwhoweretroublingeachotherjustnowsuddenlybecomemorereasonableduetotheirunkindparents.Inourresearch,wecreatedsituationsinwhichpairsofnegotiatorswerepartofaheatedconflict.Insomecases,themediatorhada“nice”approach—calmandpolite.Inothers,hewashostile—aggressiveandsomewhatrude.Acrossdifferenttypesofconflicts,wefoundthatnegotiatorsweremorewillingandabletoreachanagreementinthepresenceofahostilemediatorthaninthepresenceofaniceone.Themainresultofthetestisnotthathostilitypaysoff.Infact,recentresearchhasdocumentedthesocialcostsofnegativebehavior.Forexample,beingthetargetofrudebehaviorreducespeople’sperformanceonavarietyoftasks.Otherresearchshowsthesocialbenefitsofpositivebehavior.Peoplearemorelikelytoclosedealsandbecomefuturebusinesspartners.Evenwiththewidespreadsocialbenefitsofpositivebehaviorandcostsofnegativebehavior,hostilitycanpayoffincertainsituations.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutparents’settlementofconflictsinparagraph2?A.It’scalmingandwise. B.It’sunfriendlybuteffective.C.It’scommonlyadopted. D.Itharmsfamilyrelationship.5.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisviewpoints?A.Bypresentingfacts.B.Bymakingcomparison.C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.D.Bygivingexamplesandexperimenting.6.Whichbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudeinthetext?A.Concerned B.DoubtfulC.Objective D.Positive7.Whatcouldbethetitleofthetext?A.TheCostsofNegativeBehaviorB.TheSurprisingPowerofHostilityC.TheBenefitsofPositiveBehaviorD.TheImportanceofEffectiveMediation【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是当人们发现自己陷入困难的冲突时，往往求助于调解。作为调解员要认真听取意见，避免偏袒一方的意见，使双方感到放心。其实即使积极行为有广泛的社会效益，消极行为要付出代价，敌意也能在某些情况下得到消除。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Acrossdifferenttypesofconflicts,wefoundthatnegotiatorsweremorewillingandabletoreachanagreementinthepresenceofahostilemediatorthaninthepresenceofaniceone.“在不同类型的冲突中，我们发现谈判者在有敌意的调停者面前比在友好的调停者面前更愿意也更有能力达成协议。”可知，关于父母如何解决冲突，我们可以从第二段中了解到这是不友好的但有效。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中Forexample,beingthetargetofrudebehaviorreducespeople’sperformanceonavarietyoftasks.Otherresearchshowsthesocialbenefitsofpositivebehavior.Peoplearemorelikelytoclosedealsandbecomefuturebusinesspartners.“例如，成为粗鲁行为的目标会降低人们在各种任务中的表现。其他研究显示积极行为的社会效益。人们更有可能达成交易，成为未来的商业伙伴。”可知，作者通过举例和实验支持他的观点。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Evenwiththewidespreadsocialbenefitsofpositivebehaviorandcostsofnegativebehavior,hostilitycanpayoffincertainsituations.“即使积极行为有广泛的社会效益，消极行为要付出代价，但敌意也能在某些情况下得到回报。”由此可知，作者的态度是“客观的”。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Surprisingly,newresearchthatmycolleaguesandIconductedsuggeststhat,toeffectivelyhelppeoplesettletheirconflicts,mediatorsshouldadoptanhostile(敌对的)attituderatherthanacalmingone.Ahostilemediator,wefind,bringsbetterresultsthananiceone.“令人惊讶的是，我和同事进行的一项新研究表明，为了有效地帮助人们解决冲突，调解员应该采取敌对态度，而不是平静的态度。我们发现，一个敌对的调解员比一个好的调解员能带来更好的结果。”可知本文主题是TheSurprisingPowerofHostility，故选B。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate等标志性词语。本题第3小题，根据最后一段Evenwiththewidespreadsocialbenefitsofpositivebehaviorandcostsofnegativebehavior,hostilitycanpayoffincertainsituations.“即使积极行为有广泛的社会效益和消极行为的代价，敌意也能在某些情况下得到回报。即使积极行为有广泛的社会效益而消极行为要付出代价，但敌意也能在某些情况下得到回报。”由此可知，作者的态度是“客观的”。故选C。CRecently,theorganizersofthe2024ParisOlympicshavesuggestedthatbreakdancingbeincludedin2024,makingitclosertobecominganOlympicsport.Theother3sports-surfing,skateboardingandsportclimbing-willallmakedebutsinthe2020TokyoOlympics.Thatistosay,audiencewillbeabletowatchthesethreesportsasOlympiceventsforthefirsttime.Theorganizersstressedthatfoursportshadbeenchosensincetheywouldreflectthecity’sidentityandhelptaketheOlympicstothestreet.TheyaddedthatthepurposesweretodeliveraGamesthatwasabletokeepupwiththetimesandencouragenewaudienceandattractyoungpeople.Breakdancingisatypicalexamplewhichcanbeplayedwithoutthelimitationsoftimeandplacesinurbanandotherenvironments.AsoneofthesportsattheYoungOlympicGamesinBuenosAiresin2018,breakdancingnowcouldseeitspopularitygreatlyraised.ButtheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)needstoapprovetheFrenchsuggestionbeforeitcanbeformallyaddedtothe2024ParisOlympicssportsprogramme.WithnewIOCrulesfirstintroducedtothe2020TokyoOlympics,HostcitiescanselectsportsandproposethemforinclusioninthoseGamesiftheyarepopularinthatcountryandaddtotheGame’sappeal.AntonioEspinosOrtueta,thepresidentoftheWorldKarateFederationsaid,“Oursporthasgrownrapidlyoverthelastyears.Webelievethatwehavemetalltherequirementsandthatwehavetheperfectconditionstobeaddedtothesportsprogramme.However,wehavelearnedtodaythatwestillhaven’thadthechancetoproveourvalueasanOlympicsport.”8.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“debuts”inparagraph1?A.announcements. B.appearances. C.admissions. D.advertisements.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutbreakdancing?A.Itattractspeopleofallages.B.ItisthesymbolofParis.C.Itwasperformedin2018PyeongchangWinterOlympics.D.Itcanbeplayedanytimeandanywhere.10.WhatdoesIOCdoinselectingsports?A.Giveusefuladvice. B.Offerenoughsupport.C.Givedetailedexplanations. D.Havethelastword.11.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoAntonioEspinosOrtueta’swords?A.HethoughtiteasyforanewsporttobeincludedinOlympics.B.HethoughtbreakdancingwasfarfromreadytobeanOlympicevent.C.Hecouldn’tbesureofthefinaldecisionofIOC.D.HefounditlikelyforbreakdancingtobeperformedinOlympics.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。2024年巴黎奥运会的组织者想把霹雳舞纳入比赛项目，因为他们觉得把一些新的比赛项目纳入奥运会能体现奥运会的时代性以及吸引更多的年轻人。但是能不能成功还需要国际奥委会组的同意。【8题详解】词义猜测题。由文章中的“Thatistosay（那就是说）”可知，后一句话是对前一句话的解释。由后一句话“audiencewillbeabletowatchthesethreesportsasOlympiceventsforthefirsttime.（观众能够第一次观看这项项目作为奥运会项目比赛。）”可知，这些项目是首秀。由此可知“Theother3sports…willallmakedebutsinthe2020TokyoOlympics.”的意思是：其它三项运动将全在2020年东京奥运会上亮相。A.announcements公告，布告；B.appearances出现，首次使用；C.admissions准许加入，加入权；D.advertisements广告。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Breakdancingisatypicalexamplewhichcanbeplayedwithoutthelimitationsoftimeandplacesinurbanandotherenvironments.（霹雳舞是一个典型的例子，它可以不受时间限制，不受地点限制，在乡村或者其它环境中被表演）”可知，霹雳舞能随时随地被表演。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。由文章中的“ButtheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)needstoapprovetheFrenchsuggestionbeforeitcanbeformallyaddedtothe2024ParisOlympicssportsprogramme.（但是在它被正式加入到2024年巴黎奥运会的比赛项目之前，还需要国际奥运会组的同意）”可推知，国际奥运会组有最后的决定权。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。由文章中的“However,wehavelearnedtodaythatwestillhaven’thadthechancetoproveourvalueasanOlympicsport.（然而，我们今天知道，我们仍然没有机会证明它作为奥运会运动项目的价值）”可知，AntonioEspinosOrtueta不能确定国际奥委会组的最后决定。故选C。【点睛】猜测词义题在高考中有三种考查形式：生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测一句话的意思、指代关系猜词（代词或者名词）。从近三年考查形势看，三种考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生词词义猜测。这种题型的解法主要是在划线词所在句子的前后找到该句话的同义句或者释义句，再根据同义句或者释义句的意思推断出划线单词的意思。例如本文第一题，考查的就是生词词义猜测，由其后的“Thatistosay（那就是说）”可知，后一句话是对前一句话的解释。由此可根据后一句话的意思推断出划线单词的意思。所以再解生词猜测词义的题目时，找对同义句或释义句非常重要。同学们要多积累向“Thatistosay”这样的表示解释关系的词汇。DAsIwritethisblogon23rdApril,mostoftheUKwillhavebeenstuckathomeforawholemonthsince23rdMarch.Asweadjusttothephysicalchallengesbroughtaboutbycoronavirus,itwillcomeasnosurprisewhenIsaythatourlanguageisalsobeingaffectedbythecurrentsituation.Wehavealllearnedsomenewvocabulary:coronavirusbeingoneofthem.Formany,itwasprobablythefirsttimetheyrealisedthat‘corona’means‘crown(-like)’,referringtotheshapeofthevirusitself.Thereisplentyofotherterminologyrelatedtothevirus:COVID-19,epidemic,pandemic,self-isolation,super-spreader.Allofasudden,thepandemichaspeoplelikeyouandmewithnomedicalbackgroundstalkingliketrueepidemiologists(specialistswhostudydiseases).Moreimportantly,theeffectsofthepandemicandthenationwidelockdownonourlanguageuseextendwaybeyondthevocabularywemightslipinduringourvideochatswithfamily,friends,andcolleagues.Withtheclosureofschoolsanduniversities,mostbilingualstudentsnowliveathomewheretheyareimmersedinalinguisticenvironment,whereontheonehand,theyarelosinghundredsofcontacthourswithEnglish-speakingpeers.Ontheotherhand,thismightbeanopportunityforthemtodeveloptheirabilitiesintheirhomelanguages.SimilarlinguisticchangescanbeobservedamongthosewhomostlycommunicateonlyinEnglishtoo,forinstance,intermsoftheiraccents.Afterbeinginthesamespacewithourfamilyforawholemonth,someofusmightstarttosoundmoreandmorelikeourfamily–partlybecauseweallunconsciouslyaccommodatetopeoplewefrequentlytalkto.Inthissense,whatthisnationallockdowndoestoouraccentsislikewhenwehavebeenonanextendedholidayabroadwiththefamily.Maybewhenwecanfinallysocialiseagain,wewillbeabletoguesswhereeachother’sroommatesarefrom.12.WhatisthecurrentsituationinParagraph1?A.PeopleintheUKhavetostayathome. B.Wehavegotusedtotheenvironment.C.Coronavirusisaffectingourlanguage. D.Peoplefacethechallengeofthevirus.13.Whatdoesthenationwidelockdownbringforbilingualstudents?A.Chattingwithrelativesonline. B.Losingcontactwithclassmates.C.FewerEnglishpracticinghours. D.Alackoflearningenvironment.14.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thewaywecommunicatechanges. B.Wespeakwithmoreaccents.C.Wecaneasilyidentifyothers. D.Ouraccentsarebeingchanged.15.What’stheauthor’stoneinwritingthisarticle?A.Cautious. B.Critical. C.Pessimistic. D.Humorous.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述作者在疫情封锁期间注意到居家对于语言的影响。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“mostoftheUKwillhavebeenstuckathomeforawholemonthsince23rdMarch.(自3月23日起，大部分英国人将被困在家里整整一个月。)”以及“…ourlanguageisalsobeingaffectedbythecurrentsituation(……我们的语言也受到了当前形势的影响)”可知，由于疫情，大多数的英国人需要居家，人们不仅要适应疫情居家所带来的身体挑战，语言也受到了影响，所以，现状是英国人不得不呆在家里。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Withtheclosureofschoolsanduniversities,mostbilingualstudentsnowliveathomewheretheyareimmersedinalinguisticenvironment,whereontheonehand,theyarelosinghundredsofcontacthourswithEnglish-speakingpeers.(随着中小学和大学的关闭，大多数双语学生现在住在家里，他们沉浸在语言环境中，一方面，他们失去了与说英语的同龄人接触的数百个小时。)”可知，随着学校的关闭，大多数的双语学生只能居家学习。在这样的语言环境中，他们不能和说英语的同学接触，从而失去了大量练习英语的时间。由此可知，全国范围内的封锁使双语学生的英语练习时间减少。故选C。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“SimilarlinguisticchangescanbeobservedamongthosewhomostlycommunicateonlyinEnglishtoo,forinstance,intermsoftheiraccents.(在那些主要只用英语交流的人身上也可以观察到类似的语言变化，例如他们的口音。)”可知，本段第一句话就讲到对于只用英语为交流工具的人来说，也有相似的影响，主要体现在他们的方言上。由于与家人或室友在一起的时间更多，人们会无意识地适应和我们对话的人的方言，所以语言上会越来越像家人或室友，多少都会带上对方的方言。由此可知，最后一段主要讲的是我们说话有了更多的口音。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Allofasudden,thepandemichaspeoplelikeyouandmewithnomedicalbackgroundstalkingliketrueepidemiologists(specialistswhostudydiseases).(突然之间，大流行让像你我这样没有医学背景的人像真正的流行病学家(研究疾病的专家)一样交谈。)”以及最后一段“Inthissense,whatthisnationallockdowndoestoouraccentsislikewhenwehavebeenonanextendedholidayabroadwiththefamily.Maybewhenwecanfinallysocialiseagain,wewillbeabletoguesswhereeachother’sroommatesarefrom.(从这个意义上说，全国封锁对我们口音的影响就像我们和家人在国外度长假一样。也许当我们终于可以重新社交时，我们就能猜出彼此的室友来自哪里了。)”可知，作者使用“Allofasudden,withnobackgrounds,true,anextendedholiday,beabletoguess”等词，可以看出作者是用一种轻松幽默的语气写这篇文章。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fakenewsspreadsfasterandmoreeasilytodaythroughtheinternet,socialmediaandinstantmessaging.____16____,whichcanharmthepublichealthandaddtosocialdisorderanddivision.Somefakenewsalsocontainsamixtureofcorrectinformation,whichmakesitdifficulttospotwhatistrueandaccurate.____17____.Theymightnothavereadthefullstorybeforesharingorjustglancedoverit.Beforeyoudecidetoshare,makesuretoreadstoriesproperlyandfollowsomecheckstodeterminetheaccuracy.Ifthestoryappearstoclaimamuchhigherlevelofcertaintyinitsadviceandargumentsthanotherstories,thisisquestionable.____18____.So,itisonlynaturaltomorereadilyacceptinformationthatprovidescomfortoreasysolutions–unfortunately,ofteninafalseway.____19____,itisworthdouble-checking.Fakenewswilltrytograbyourattentionbybeingmoreexaggeratedthanrealstories.Anythingwrittenentirelyincapitallettersorcontainingalotofexclamationmarksshouldraiseyoursuspicions.Thebestsourcesforauthenticinformationareyourgovernmentwebsites.However,evengovernmentmessagingcangetthingswrong.____20____.Forinstance,TheConversationisamoretrustedsourcebecauseallcontentiswrittenbyacademicswhoareexpertsintheirfields.WebsitessuchasAPFactCheckandFullFacthighlightcommonfakenewsstories.Asearchenginecanbeusedtolookupthetitleofthearticletoseeifithasbeenidentifiedasfakenewsbythemainstreammedia.A.IfastoryismoresurprisingB.IfamessagepressesyoutoshareC.FakenewsmayalsobesharedbytrustedfriendsandfamilyD.PeoplewillbeseekingcertaintyinatimeofhighuncertaintyE.ButtheyaremoretrustworthythanuncheckedsourcesonsocialmediaF.ThinktwiceaboutthemessagesandhelpguideyourfamilyandfriendsG.Thesemessagesmaycontainuselessincorrectinformationandadvice【答案】16G17.C18.D19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚假消息特点，我们应该谨慎对待，辨认可靠来源，区分消息真假。【16题详解】根据前句“Fakenewsspreadsfasterandmoreeasilytodaythroughtheinternet,socialmediaandinstantmessaging.(如今，假消息通过互联网、社交媒体和即时消息传播得更快、更容易。)”和后半句“whichcanharmthepublichealthandaddtosocialdisorderanddivision.(会损害公众健康，加剧社会的混乱和分裂。)”可知，这里介绍什么是虚假消息，which所指代内容应为虚假消息，所以选择项G“Thesemessagesmaycontainuseless,incorrectinformationandadvice(这些消息可能含有无用的、不正确的信息和建议)”符合上下文语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据前句“Somefakenewsalsocontainsamixtureofcorrectinformation,whichmakesitdifficulttospotwhatistrueandaccurate.(一些假消息还包含了正确信息的混合，这使得人们很难辨别什么是真实和准确的。)”和后句“Theymightnothavereadthefullstorybeforesharingorjustglancedoverit.(他们可能在分享之前没有阅读完整的故事，或者只是浏览了一下。)”可知，假消息真假难辨，所以经常被分享，后文中they所指代内容应为分享消息的人，所以选择项C“Fakenewsmayalsobesharedbytrustedfriendsandfamily(假消息也可能被信任的朋友和家人分享)”符合上下文语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据后文“So,itisonlynaturaltomorereadilyacceptinformationthatprovidescomfortoreasysolutions–unfortunately,ofteninafalseway.(因此，更容易接受提供舒适或简单解决方案的信息是很自然的——不幸的是，往往是错误的方式。)”可知，这里应为人们乐意接受虚假消息的原因。所以选择项D“Peoplewillbeseekingcertaintyinatimeofhighuncertainty(人们将在一个高度不确定的时期寻求确定性)”符合上下文语境，故选D。【19题详解】根据后文“itisworthdouble-checking.Fakenewswilltrytograbyourattentionbybeingmoreexaggeratedthanrealstories.Anythingwrittenentirelyincapitallettersorcontainingalotofexclamationmarksshouldraiseyoursuspicions.(就值得再次检查。假消息会试图通过比真实故事更夸张的内容来吸引你的注意力。任何完全用大写字母书写或包含大量感叹号的内容都应该引起你的怀疑。)”可知，虚假消息的特点之一是比较夸张。所以选择项A“Ifastoryismoresurprising(如果一个故事更令人惊讶)”符合上下文语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据前文“Thebestsourcesforauthenticinformationareyourgovernmentwebsites.However,evengovernmentmessagingcangetthingswrong.(获得真实信息的最佳来源是政府网站。然而，即使是政府的信息也可能出错。)”和后文“Forinstance,TheConversationisamoretrustedsourcebecauseallcontentiswrittenbyacademicswhoareexpertsintheirfields.WebsitessuchasAPFactCheckandFullFacthighlightcommonfakenewsstories.Asearchenginecanbeusedtolookupthetitleofthearticletoseeifithasbeenidentifiedasfakenewsbythemainstreammedia.(例如，TheConversation是一个更值得信赖的资源，因为所有的内容都是由各自领域的专家学者撰写的。APFactCheck和FullFact等网站突出了常见的假新闻。可以使用搜索引擎查找文章的标题，看看它是否被主流媒体识别为假新闻。)”举例说明一些可靠网站可知，尽管前文提到政府网站也可能会有错误消息，但仍比一般媒体可靠。所以选择项E“Buttheyaremoretrustworthythanuncheckedsourcesonsocialmedia(但它们比社交媒体上未经核实的消息来源更值得信赖)”符合上下文语境，故选E。第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Earlyinmyteachingcareer,Iheardcountlessexcuses—mostofthemamusing—forwhystudentsdidn’thavetheirhomework.“Thedogateit”wasoneofthem.Astimepassed,Igrewtiredofhearing“Idon’thavemyhomeworkbecause...”SoIstoppedacceptingany___21___.WhenIwas___22___toanotherschool,Itookmystraightforwardattitudewithme.“Noexcuses,noextensions!”I____23____myeighthgradersonthefirstday.I___24___homeworkatthebeginningofeachclass.Whenastudentdidn’thavethehomework,Ineveraskedwhy.___25___,Isighedloudly,shookmyheadindisgustand___26___azerointhegradebook.Oneafternoon,shortlyafterthe___27___bellrang,Anthony___28___me.“CouldItalktoyouaminute?”heaskedshyly.“Iknowwhatyousaidaboutourhomework,butIdon’twantyoutothinkI’maslacker(懒虫)becauseIcometoschool____29____minesooften.”Anthonylookedupatme,andIcouldseehislowerliptrembling.“It’sjustthat...well,mydadmovedout,andmymomworksatnight,soIhaveto______30______mylittlebrothers.Sometimestheycryalot,whichmakesithardto_____31_____.”IputmyhandonAnthony’sthinshoulder.“Whyareyoujustnowtellingme…”Istoppedinmid-sentence.Iknewwhy.SoI_____32_____thequestion.“Wouldithelpifyoustayedhereafterschoolandworkedonit?”Heswallowedhardand_____33_____.Thenextday,IannouncedtoallmystudentsthatI’dbeofferinganafter-schoolstudyhall.Anthonywasthefirstto_____34_____.Severaldayslater,Terrelljoinedhim,_____35_____bytwinsSandyandRandy.Beforelong,Ihadaroomfullofeighthgraderstoworkontheirlessons.Ineveraskedwhyanyofthemwasthere,butIsoonhadalarge_____36_____of“Idon’thavemyhomeworkbecause...”stories.Allwerevery_____37_____.Nonewereamusing.ThethingsIlearnedweren’t_____38_____incollege.Idiscoverednotallkidscomefromhomesthataresafeand_____39_____.Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon’thaveahomewhereaparentisevenaround.Andsomekidsdogotobed_____40_____.Mostimportantly,Ilearnedthat“I’lllisten”worksbetterthan“Noexcuses”.21.A.situation B.excuse C.reason D.condition22.A.transported B.transplanted C.transferred D.transformed23.A.punished B.charged C.handled D.warned24.A.designed B.announced C.collected D.described25.A.Instead B.Afterward C.Moreover D.However26.A.concluded B.signed C.painted D.recorded27.A.removal B.dismissal C.approval D.arrival28.A.consulted B.greeted C.approached D.waved29.A.without B.with C.for D.on30.A.watchout B.attendto C.lookat D.focuson31.A.concentrate B.tolerate C.balance D.survive32.A.suspected B.refreshed C.rejected D.changed33.A.nodded B.shook C.weighed D.challenged34.A.foldup B.putup C.showup D.takeup35.A.surrounded B.followed C.separated D.impressed36.A.combination B.contribution C.collection D.construction37.A.real B.fictional C.imaginary D.cautious38.A.shared B.recommended C.required D.taught39.A.rich B.warm C.simple D.sound40.A.happily B.uncertainly C.irregularly D.hungrily【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.B31.A32.D33.A34.C35.B36.C37.A38.D39.B40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者作为老师，对任何没有交作业的学生都不接受理由，但是安东尼改变了她，让她开始学会倾听学生的故事了。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我不再接受任何借口。A.situation情况；B.excuse借口；C.reason理由；D.condition条件。根据上文“Astimepassed,Igrewtiredofhearing“Idon’thavemyhomeworkbecause...””(随着时间的推移，我厌倦了听到