高考阅读明白训练及答案

千里之行，始于足下。第2页/共2页精品文档推荐高考阅读明白训练及答案高考阅读明白训练

第一组

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ProtestsattheuseofanimalsinresearchhavetakenanewandfearfulcharacterinBritainwiththeattemptedmurderoftwoBritishscientistsbytheterroristtechniqueofthepre-plantedcar-bomb.

Theresearchcommunitywillrightlybealarmedatthesedevelopments,whichhavetwoobjectives:toarousepublicattentionandtofrightenpeopleworkinginresearchwithanimals.Thefirstneedisthateverythingshouldbedonetoidentifythoseresponsibleforthecrimesandtoputthemontrail.TheDefenceResearchSocietyhastakenthepracticalstepofofferingarewardof10,000poundsforinformationleadingtothoseresponsible,butpastexperienceisnotencouraging.Peopleareunlikelytobetemptedbysuchoffers.Theprofessionalpolicewillsimilarlybeconfrontedbytheusualproblemoffindinganeedleinahaystack.

Thatiswhytheintellectual(知识分子)communityinBritainandelsewheremustactmorevigorouslyinitsowndefence.Thereareseveralstepsthatcanbetaken,ofwhichthechiefoneistodemandofalltheorganizationsthatexistwiththedeclaredobjectivesofsafeguardingtheinterestsofanimalsthattheyshoulddeclareclearlywheretheystandonviolencetowardspeople.Anditwillnotbeenoughforthechairmenandchairwomenoftheseorganizationstoutterplacatory(安抚的)statementsonbehalfofalltheirmembers.Thesepeopleshouldalsoundertakethatitwillbeatestofcontinuingmembershipintheirorganizationsthatmembersandwouldbemembersshoulddeclarethattheywilltakenopartinactsofviolenceagainsthumanbeings.Evensuchundertakingswouldnotbefullyeffective:people,afterall,canlie.Butatleasttheywoulddistinguishtheorganizationsentitledtoacontinuingvoiceinthedialoguewiththeresearchcommunityabouttherightsofanimalsinresearchfromtheorganizationsthatdeservenosay.

21.Thewords“thesedevelopments”(Para.2,Line1)mostprobablyreferto________.

A)theactsofviolenceagainstscientists

B)theuseofanimalsinresearch

C)thetechniquesofplantingbombsincars

D)theestablishmentofnewanimalprotectionorganization

22.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A)Thepoliceabandonedtheireffortstofindthecriminals.

B)Theterroristsescapedwiththehelpoftheirorganizations.

C)TheattemptedmurdercausedgraveanxietyamongBritishscientists.

D)PeoplesympathizedmurdercausedgraveanxietyamongBritishscientists.

23.Theauthor’spurposeinwritinghisarticleistodemandthatanimal-protectingorganizations________.

A)declaretheirobjectivesclearly

B)giveuptheuseofviolence

C)continuethedialoguewiththescientificcommunity

D)helptofindthoseresponsiblefortheattemptedmurder

24.Intheauthor’sopinion________.

A)sincepeoplecanlie,theproblemabouttheirrightsofscientistscan’tbesolved

B)animal-protectingorganizationsaboutbeheldresponsibleforactsofviolenceagainst

scientists

C)animalprotectionorganizationsshouldbedeclaredillegal

D)thescientistsshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselves

25.Whatdoestheword“they”(Para.3,Line3)referto?

A)Theanimal-protectingorganizations.

B)Theorganizationsthatwilltalkwiththeresearchcommunity.

C)Thosewhosupporttheuseofanimalsinresearch.

D)Thosewhosupporttheanimal-protectionorganizations.

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theearliertypeofsuburb,whichwasmostdependentontherailroad,hadaspecialadvantagethatcouldbefullyappreciatedonlyafterithaddisappeared.Thesesuburbs,spreadoutalongarailroadline,werediscontinuousandproperlyspaced;andwithouttheaidoflegislation(法规)theywerelimitedinpopulationaswellasarea;forthebiggestrarelyheldasmanyastenthousandpeople,andunderfivethousandwasmoreusual.In1950,forexample,Bronxville,NewYork,atypicalupper-classsuburb,had6,778people,whileRiverside,Illinois,foundedasearlyas1869,hadonly9.153.

Thesizeandscaleofthesuburb,thatofneighborhoodunit,wasnotentirelytheresultofitsopenplanning,whichfavoredlowdensities.Beingservedbyarailroadline,withstationstopsfromthreetofivemilesapart,therewasanaturallimittothespreadofanyparticularcommunity.Househadtobesited“withineasywalkingdistanceoftherailroadstation,”assomeoldresidentswouldpointout;andonlythosewealthyenoughtoaffordahorseandacarriagedaredtopenetratefartherintotheopencountry.

Throughitsspacedstationstops,therailroadsuburbwasatfirstkeptfromspreadingorexcessivelyincreasinginnumbers,foranaturalgreenbelt,oftenstillundercultivationaspark,gardens,remainedbetweenthesuburbsandincreasedtheavailablerecreationarea.Occasionally,inafewhappyareaslikeWestchester,between1915and1935aparkway,liketheBronxRiverparkway,accompaniedbycontinuousstripofparkforpedestrian(散步的人)use,notyetoverrunbyaconstantstreamofurbantraffic,addedtotheperfectionofthewholesuburbanpattern.WhateveronemightsayofthesocialdisadvantagesthiswasinmanywaysaperfectphysicalenviroXXXent.Butitlastedlessthanageneration.

26.Whatwasthespecialadvantageoftheoldtypeofsuburb?

A)Itsnearnesstotherailroad.

B)Thevastnessofitsopenspace.

C)Itssmallsizeinareaandpopulation.

D)Thehighsocialstatusofitsresidents.

27.Thesizeoftheoldsuburbwaslimitedbecause________.

A)peoplewantedtoliveneararailroadstation

B)itwasoriginallyplannedbyrailroadcompanies

C)therewasalawgoverningthesizeofthesuburb

D)localinhabitantsdidn’tliketooutinthecountry

28.“Happyareas”(Para.3,Line3)wereareaswhere________.

A)lifewasenjoyedbyeveryone

B)moreroadswerebuilttobypasstheheavytraffic

C)agreenbeltwasavailablesolelyforrecreation

D)peoplecouldhavelotsoffun

29.Itisevidentthatthewriter________.

A)findsurbanlifeuncomfortable

B)preferslifeinthecountryside

C)feelsdisappointedinthechangesofsuburbs

D)advocatestheideaofreturningtonature

30.Thetopicdiscussedinthepassageis“________”.

A)thesizeandscaleofsuburbanneighborhoodunits

B)theadvantageofold-typesuburbs

C)thelocationofrailroadstations

D)theconceptofthesuburbanpattern

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessor:oneisthetimeneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

31.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

A)Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

B)Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.

C)Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D)Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

32.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause________.

A)researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B)studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C)itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

D)professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

33.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A)Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B)Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

C)Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

D)Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

34.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do________.

A)teaching

B)fieldwork

C)scientificresearch

D)investigation

35.Thephrase“theproblem”(Para.5,Line3)refersto________.

A)raisingthestatusofteaching

B)thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

C)theseparationsofteachingfromresearch

D)improvingthestatusofresearch

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappenedtobethatputuponmemberofsociety-acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreI’mconvincedthatthingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeanewmotto(座右铭)fortheso-called‘service’organization-StaffBeforeService.Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherearen’tenoughstaffondutyatalltheservicecounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletoincreasecounterstaff.Yetsupermarkets,hintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatbringingalltheircashregistersintooperationatanytimewouldincreaseexpenses.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicecounterstobeoccupied‘attimeswhendemandislow’.

It’sthesamewithhotels.Becausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustfinishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceisdiminished.Asforusguests(andhowthemeaningofthatwordhasbeencutawaylittlebylittle),wejusthavetoputupwithit.There’salsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeengraduallywithdrawnfromserviceintheinterestsof‘efficiency’(fits)andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichsupply

everythingfrombeertomedicine,nottomentionthecreepingthreatofthetea-makingsetinyourroom:akettlewithteabags,milkbagssugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idon’t,especiallywhenIampayingfor‘service’.

Ouronlyhopeistohammerourirritationwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,restorethatother,oldersaying-TakeOurCustom(买卖)Elsewhere.

36.Theauthorfeelsthatnowadayscustomersare________.

A)notworthyofspecialtreatment

B)notprovidedwithproperservice

C)consideredtobeinferiormembersofsociety

D)regardedasprivileged

37.Intheauthor’sopinion,thequalityofserviceischangingbecause________.

A)thestaffarelessconsideratethanemployers

B)customersarebecomingmoredemanding

C)customersunwillingtopayextramoney

D)moreconsiderationisgiventothestaffthancustomers

38.Accordingtotheauthor,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby________.

A)thediminishingsupplyofgoodstaff

B)lackofcooperationamongstaff

C)inefficientstaff

D)deliberateunderstaffing

39.Thedisappearanceofold-stylehotelporterscanbeattributedtothefactthat________.

A)self-serviceprovidesacheaperalternative

B)thepersonaltouchislessappreciatednowadays

C)machinesaremorereliablethanhumanbeings

D)fewpeoplearewillingtodothistypeofwork

40.Theauthor’sfinalsolutiontotheproblemdiscussedinthepassageis________.

A)toputupwithwhateverserviceisprovided

B)tomakestrongcomplaintswherevernecessary

C)tofullyutilizeallkindsofcoin-eatingmachines

D)togowheregoodserviceisavailable

第二组

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,”sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents,“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesterUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahigh

divorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy(别受干扰的日子).Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated(约会),soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’house.”

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

21.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.________.

A)foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependently

B)formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents

C)formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence

D)foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents

22.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?

A)Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.

B)Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.

C)Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.

D)Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.

23.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat________.

A)therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife

B)mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeep

C)theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparents

D)publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents

24.Theword“hassles”inthepassage(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans________.

A)agreements

B)worries

C)disadvantages

D)quarrels

25.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?

A)Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.

B)Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrown-up.

C)Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.

D)Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thewordconservationhasathrifty(节俭)meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“limitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.

Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termsclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.

Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable(水位)inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds(上游源头森林地带集水区)needtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.

26.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis________.

A)positive

B)neutral

C)suspicious

D)critical

27.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat________.

A)theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestry

B)theyhadlittleornosenseofenviroXXXentalprotection

C)theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudy

D)theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials

28.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn’trealize________.

A)theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthings

B)theimportanceoftheproperuseofland

C)theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloods

D)thevalueofthebeautyofnature

29.Toavoidcorrectingthemistakeofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat________.

A)weplantmoretrees

B)naturalsciencebetaughttoeverybody

C)enviroXXXentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone

D)wereturntonature

30.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“livingspace...isfigured...alsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth”(Lines7-8,Para.3)?

A)Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller.

B)Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume.

C)Weneedtotakesomemeasuretoprotectspace.

D)Wemustpreservegoodlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals.

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic(流行病)ofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit(睡眠别脚)crisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5andeighthours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,eightorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”

Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssayisthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogramme.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’regottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”

Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”

31.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad________.

A)nodriveandambition

B)noelectriclighting

C)thebestsleephabits

D)nothingtodointheevening

32.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans________.

A)areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife

B)oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit

C)donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly

D)cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep

33.ManyAmericansbelievethat________.

A)sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy

B)theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife

C)tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday

D)enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition

34.Theword“subjects”(Line1,Para.4)refersto________.

A)theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit

B)specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied

C)peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied

D)thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit

35.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto________.

A)improveone’smemorydramatically

B)beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople

C)maintainone’sdailyschedule

D)feelenergeticandperformadequately

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.

Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenviroXXXental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpres