工程材料常用词汇表(中英文)

工程材料常用词汇表A奥氏体austenite奥氏体本质晶粒度austeniteinhorentgrainsize奥氏体化 austenitization,austenitiizingB白口铸铁whitecastiron白铜whitebrass,copper-nickelalloy板条马氏体lathmartensite棒材bar包晶反应peritecticreaction薄板thinsheet薄膜技术thinfilmtechnique贝氏体bainite本质晶粒度 inherentgrainsize比强度strength-to-weightratic变质处理inoculation,modification变质剂modifyingagent,modificator表面处理surfacetreatment表面粗糙度 surfaceroughness表面淬火 surfacequenching表面腐蚀surfacecorrosion表面硬化 surfacehardening玻璃glass玻璃态vitreousstate,glassstate玻璃钢glassfiberreinforcedplastics玻璃纤维glassfiber不可热处理的non-heat-treatable不锈钢stainlesssteel布氏硬度 BrinellhardnessC材料强度 strengthofmaterial残余奥氏体residualaustenite残余变形residualdeformation残余应力residualstress层状珠光体 lamellarpearlite精选文库超导金属superconductingmetal成核nucleate,nucleation成形forming,shaping成长growth,growing磁材料magneticmaterials冲击韧性impacttoughness纯铁pureiron粗晶粒coarsegrain脆性brittleness脆性断裂brittlefracture淬火quenching,quench淬透性hardenability淬硬性hardenabilityD带材baud,strip单晶singlecrystal,unitcrystal单体monomer,element氮化层nitrationcase氮化物nitride刀具cuttingtool导磁性magneticconductivity导电性electricconductivity导热性heatconductivity,thermalconductivity导体conductor等离子堆焊plasmasurfacing等离子弧喷涂plasmaspraying等离子增强化 学气相沉积Plasmachemicalvapourdeposition(PCVD)等温转变曲线isothermaltransformationcurve低合金钢lowalloysteel低碳钢lowcarbonsteel低碳马氏体lowcarbon?martensite低温回火lowtempering点阵常数gratingconstant,latticeconstant电镀electroplating,galvanize电弧喷涂electricarcspraying电子显微镜electronmicroscope定向结晶directionalsolidificationS端淬试验endquenchingtest断口分析 fractureanalysis-- 2精选文库断裂强度 breakingstrength,fracturestrength断裂韧性fracturetoughness断面收缩率contractionofcrosssectionalarea,锻造forge,forging,smithing多晶体polycrystalE二次硬化 secondaryhardening二元合金 binaryalloy,two-componentalloyF防锈的rust-proot,rustresistant非金属non-metal,nonmetal非晶态amorphousstats分子键molecularbond分子结构molecularstructure分子量molecularweight酚醛树脂bakelite,phenolicresin粉末治金 powdermetallurgy粉末复合材料particulatecomposite腐蚀corrosion,corrode,etch,etching腐蚀剂corrodent,corrosive,etchant复合材料 compositematerialG感应淬火inductionquenching刚度rigidity,stiffness钢steel钢板steelplate钢棒steelbar钢锭steelingot钢管steeltube,steelpipe钢丝steelwire钢球steelball杠杆定理 leverrule,leverprinciple高分子聚合物 highpolymer,superpolymer高合金钢highalloysteel高锰钢highmanganesssteel高频淬火highfrequencyquenching高速钢highspeedsteel,quick-cuttingsteel高碳钢high-carbonsteel-- 3精选文库高碳马氏体highcarbonmartensite高弹态elastomer高温回火hightempering各向同性 isotropy各向异性anisotropy,anisotropism工程材料 engineeringmaterial工具钢toolsteel工业纯铁 industrialpureiron工艺technology共价键covalentbond共晶体eutectic共晶反应eutecticreaction共析体eutectoid共析钢eatectoidsteel功能材料 functionalmaterials固溶处理solidsolutiontreatment固溶强化 solutionstrengthening固溶体solidsolution固相solidphase光亮热处理brightheattreatment滚珠轴承钢ballbearingsteel过饱和固溶体 supersaturatedsolidsolution过共晶合金 hypereutecticalloy过共析钢hypereutectoidsteel过冷over-cooling,supercooling过冷奥氏体supercooledaustenite过冷度degreeofsupercooling过热overheat,superheatH焊接welding,weld航空材料 aerialmaterial合成纤维syntheticfiber合金钢alloysteel合金化alloying合金结构钢 structuralalloysteel黑色金属ferrousmetal红硬性redhardness滑移slip,glide滑移方向 glidedirection,slipdirection-- 4精选文库滑移面glideplane,slipplane滑移系slipsystem化合物compound化学气相沉积chemicalvapoureposition(CVD)化学热处理chemicalheattreatmentJ基体matrix机械混合物 mechanicalmixture机械性能 mechanicalproperty激光热处理heattreatmentwithalaserbeam激光laser激光熔凝 lasermeltingandconsolidation激光表面硬化 surfacehardeningbylaserbeam加工硬化 workhardening加热heating胶粘剂adhesive结构材料structuralmaterial结晶crystallize,crystallization结晶度crystallinity金属材料metalmaterial金属化合物 metalliccompound金属键metallicbond金属组织 metalstructure金属结构 metallicframework金属塑料复合材料plastimets金属塑性加工 metalplastic?working金属陶瓷metalceramic金相显微镜metallographicmicroscope,metalloscope金相照片 metallograph晶胞cell晶格crystallattice晶格常数latticeconstant晶格空位 latticevacancy晶粒crystalgrain晶粒度grainsize晶粒细化grainrefining晶体结构crystalstructure聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)聚合度degreeofpolymerization-- 5精选文库聚合反应polymerization绝热材料heat-insulatingmaterial绝缘材料insulatingmaterialK抗拉强度 tensilestrength抗压强度compressionstrength颗粒复合材料particlecomposite扩散diffusion,diffuseL老化aging莱氏体ledeburite冷变形colddeformation冷加工coldwork,coldworking冷却cool,cooling冷作硬化 coldhardening离子ion粒状珠光体 granularpearlite连续转变曲线continuouscoolingtransformation(CCT)curve孪晶twincrystal孪生twinning,twin螺旋位错helicaldislocation洛氏硬度 RockwellhardnessM马氏体martensite(M)密排六方晶格 close-packedxagonallattice(C.P.H.)面心立方晶格 face-centredcubiclattice(F.C.C.)摩擦friction磨损wear,abrade,abrasion模具钢diesteelMf点martensitefinishingpointMs点martensitestartingpointN纳米材料 nanostructuredmaterials耐磨钢wear-resistingsteel耐磨性wearability,wearresistance耐热钢heatresistantsteel,hightemperaturesteel内耗internalfriction-- 6精选文库内应力internalstress尼龙nylon粘弹性viscoelasticity凝固solidify,solidification扭转强度torsionalstrength扭转疲劳强度torsionalfatiguestrengthP泡沫塑料 foamplastics,expandedplastics配位数coordinationnumber喷丸硬化 shot-peening疲劳强度fatiguestrength疲劳寿命fatiguelife片状马氏体lamellarmartensite,platetypemartensite普通碳钢ordinarysteel,plaincarbonsteelQ气体渗碳gascarburizing切变shear切削cut,cutting切应力shearingstress球化退火 spheroidizingannealing球墨铸铁nodulargraphitecastiron,spheroidalgraphitecastiron球状珠光体 globularpearlite屈服强度 yieldingstrength,yieldstrength屈强比yielding-to-tensileratio屈氏体troolstite(T)去应力退火 reliefannealingR热处理heattreatment热加工hotwork,hotworking热喷涂thermalspraying热固性thermosetting热塑性hotplasticity热硬性thermohardening柔顺性flexibility人工时效artificialageing刃具cuttingtool刃型位错edgedislacation,bladedislocation韧性toughness-- 7精选文库溶质solute溶剂solvent蠕变creep蠕墨铸铁quasiflakegraphitecastiron软氮化softnitridingS扫描电镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)上贝氏体upperbainite渗氮nitriding渗硫sulfurizing渗碳carburizing,carburization渗碳体cementite(Cm)失效failure石墨graphite(G)时间-温度转变曲线timetemperaturetransformation(TTT)curve时效硬化age-hardening实际晶粒度 actualgrainsize使用寿命servicelife使用性能 usability树枝状晶dendrite树脂resin双金属bimetal,duplexmetal水淬waterquenching,waterhardening,waterquench松弛relax,relaxation塑料plastics塑性plasticity,ductility塑性变形plasticdeformation索氏体sorbite(S)T弹簧钢springsteel弹性elasticity,spring弹性变形elasticdeformation弹性极限elasticlimit弹性模量 elasticmodulus碳素钢carbonsteel碳含量carboncontent碳化物carbide碳素工具钢carbontoolsteel陶瓷ceramic-- 8精选文库陶瓷材料 ceramicmaterial体心立方晶格 body-centeredcubiclattice(B.C.C.)体型聚合物 three-dimensionalpolymer调质处理quenchingandtempering调质钢quenchedandtemperedsteel铁碳平衡图iron-carbonequilibriumdiagram透明(结晶)陶瓷crystallineceramics同素异构转变 allotropictransformation涂层coat,coating退火anneal,annealing托氏体troostite(T)W弯曲bend,bending完全退火 fullannealing微观组织 microstructure维氏硬度 Vickershardness未经变质处理的uninoculated温度temperature无定形的 amorphous物理气相沉积physicalvapourdeposition(PVD)X下贝氏体lowerbainite线型聚合物 linearpolymer纤维fibre,fiber纤维增强复合材料filamentreinforcedcomposite显微照片 metallograph,microphotograph,micrograph显微组织microscopicstructure,microstructure橡胶rubber相phase相变phasetransition相图phasediagram消除应力退火stressreliefannealing形状记忆合金Shapememoryalloys形变deformation性能performance,propertyX射线结构分析