高中英语句子结构成分综合讲解和练习题无答案

英语句子按照结构可分为三大类： .简单句:只包含一个主谓结构的句子，有时可以有并列主语或并列谓语。基本句型：.Weworkhard.act,come,go,work,last,fall,cry,disappear,appear,smile,rise,ring,live,look,listen,laugh,hurry,talk,sleep,retire,graduate,die,care,agree,jump,fail,wait,succeed,stay,sit,lie,shine,happen,takeplace,rain,snow,ect..WestudyEnglish..Hisvoicesoundsbeautiful.1）表示状态的连系动词有:beappearseemkeepremainstay等.）表示感觉的连系动词有:lookfeelsmellsoundtaste等.）表示转变的连系动词有:becomefallgetgogrowturn等boughtheranewbike.bring;give;hand;offer;pass;lend;show;teach;tell..…;writesb.sth.=writesth.tosb.Wesawhimgoout.//〃； Illtellhertocleantheroom.See;watch;hear;feel;find;get;keep;make;notice;have;leave;catch；call等。2并列句：两个或两个以上互相关联而又相互独立的简单句用并列连词或分号连接构成。并列连词：and;but;so;or等。Ihavealotofhomeworktodo,soIcan'tgowithyounow.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourworknotbeingfinished,werefusedtheoffer.3复合句：如果句子的主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等部分是由一个分句构成，我们称全句为复合句。①Weshallgoassoonasweareready.②ThatisnotwhatIlike..主语：句子叙述的对象，通常位于谓语动词前面。①Tom//HelikestolearnEnglish. ②Readingisapleasure.③Toseeistobelieve. ④WhatIwanttoknowishowtogetthere.⑤madehimunhappy.（comelate）.⑥Believeitornot,itisthatcausesyourillness.becauseofyourbeingoverweight B.becauseyouareoverweightyouaresooverweight D.yourbeingoverweight2.谓语：是对主语加以说明，说明主语发出的行为或所处的状态。（时态；语态）Seeingnobodyathome,Idecidedtocomeagain.Helikesplayingthepiano.Seeingnobodyathome,Idecidedtocomeagain.is//am//aredoneis//am/arebeingdonehave//hasbeendonewas//weredonewas//werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedoneis//am//aredoneis//am/arebeingdonehave//hasbeendonewas//weredonewas//werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone1.Pleastellusastory. 2. Shesmiled.3.Ihavealotworktodo.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.Henoticedamanentertheroom.6.Pleaselookatthepicture.三.句子成分.主语：句子叙述的对象，通常位于谓语动词前面。①Tom//HelikestolearnEnglish. ②Readingisapleasure.③Toseeistobelieve. ④WhatIwanttoknowishowtogetthere.⑤madehimunhappy.(comelate).⑥Believeitornot,itisthatcausesyourillness.becauseofyourbeingoverweight B.becauseyouareoverweightyouaresooverweight D.yourbeingoverweight2.谓语：是对主语加以说明，说明主语发出的行为或所处的状态。(时态；语态)Helikesplayingthepiano.Seeingnobodyathome,Idecidedtocomeagain.Whengoingshopping,ImeetMary.do//does//is//am//areis/am/aredoinghave//hasdonedid//was//werewas//weredoinghaddonewilldowillbedoingwillhavedone3.Whengoingshopping,ImeetMary.do//does//is//am//areis/am/aredoinghave//hasdonedid//was//werewas//weredoinghaddonewilldowillbedoingwillhavedone3.宾语：表示谓语动词的行为对象。①Iwanttobuyanewcar.③Hesuggestedputtingoffthemeeting.4.表语Mywishistobecomeapilot.is//am//aredoneis//am/arebeingdonehave//hasbeendonewas//weredonewas//werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedonewillhavebeendoneIcangiveyousomesuggestions.④Herequiredthatwestartatonce.②Yourvoicesoundsbeautiful.Thetroubleiswherewecanfindsuchanexpert.Seeingisbelieving. ⑤Heismyteacher.双宾buy,bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell,lend,offer等5.宾补-----说明宾语是什么，怎么样。See;watch;hear;feel;find;get;keep;make;notice;have;leave;catch；call等。Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.Theykeptmefortwohours.(wait)Ioftenhearthissong(sing)inthestreet.WeheardTominthenextdoor.(sing)Wesawthethief(catch)bythepolice.Hewasseen(go)downstairs)6.定语：修饰名词。说明其性质，特征，数量，所属等。1.)Hishandwritingwasondisplayintheschool. 2.)Thefirstlessonisaboutanimal.3.)Doyouknowthedancinggirl? 4.)Doyouknowhaveanythingtoask?5.)Thetreeinfrontofmyhouseisverytall. 6.)Sheisawomandriver.7.)Canyoulendthenovelthatyoutalkedabouttheotherday。7.状语：修饰动词或全句，可表时间，地点；方式；目的；原因；条件；结果等。1.)Wewenttheretoaskthem. 2.)HecamebackfromAfrica,tiredandhungry.3).I’dliketogoswimmingiftheweatheristoohot.4)Hearingtheexcitingnews,hecriedout.5)Childasheis,heknowsalot.8.同位语：与其前的词语所指相同，句法功能相同，共同构成同位语结构的词语。)OurEnglishteachermadeasuggestionthattheEnglishtestbeputoffuntilnextWednesday..AuntLi,mymother,sfriend,iscoming..We,agenerationborninthe90s,liketohelpeachother.四.划分句子结构.Fromthetimewhenhewasyoung,hehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.2,Hegavehismotheragoldnecklaceforherbirthday,whichpleasedheralot.3.Whydoyouwanttochangeyourjobwhenyoualreadyhaveagoodone?tisnecessarythatyoushouldcheckupthepaperbeforehandingitin..Herefusedtoanswerthequestionhowhegotallhismoney..HissuggestionthatweshouldgototheFragrantHillinterestedeveryoneofus..ThenewsthatShenZhouSpaceshipsafelyreturnedfromspaceonSeptember28th2008excitedalltheChinesepeople.你能辨识出是哪种基本句子结构吗？Thesunrose.Whocares?Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.ThepenwritessmoothlyThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thedinnersmellsgood.Hefellinlove.Everythinglooksdifferent.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.Ourwellhasgonedry.Hisfaceturnedred.Whoknowstheanswer?Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.Heenjoysreading.Hesaid"Goodmorning."Headmitsthathewasmistaken.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.Hebroughtyouadictionary.Ishowedhimmypictures.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine..Thewarmadehimasoldier..Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.oftenfindhimatwork.4.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.sawacatrunningacrosstheroad.,SV b, SVPc,SV0d,SVo0 e,SV0CPleastellusastory.Shesmiled.Ihavealotworktodo.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.Henoticedamanentertheroom.Pleaselookatthepicture.找出句子中的定语：Twoboysneedtwopens.HisnameisTom.TheboyinblueisTom.Theboythereneedsapen.Theboyneedsaballpen.Thereisnothingtodotoday.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.TheboyyouwillknowisTom.句子中状语在哪里？Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.Hesitsthere,askingforapen.Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.Wechattedaswewalkedalong.Evenifshelaughsathim,headoresher.一）挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.（二）挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.（三）挑出下列句中的定语Whatisyourgivenname?Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!（四）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.（五）挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.划分句子成分Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou,vegottoschool.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn,tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.翻译练习：1.昨晚我写了一封信。.这本书他读过多次了。.他们成功地完成了计划。（carryout）.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。（finishdoing）.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。.我开窗户你在意吗？(mind).Jim还不会自己穿衣服。(dressoneself).我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。.我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。.他不知道说什麽好。.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。(takeabath).他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹(thedeeds)。(singpraisefor).我认为乘船去那里更舒服些。.我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。.我们要使学校变得更美丽。.他请我们参加做游戏。.我要你把真相告诉我。.明天我要找人来修理机器。并列句转换为简单句.Shewasill,soshedidn,tattendthelecture.--.Heiswealthy,butheisunhappy.---并列句转换为复合句.Thebuswascrowded,butImanagedtofindaseat.---.hurryup,oryou,llmissthetrain.——复合句转换为简单句5.Itisnaturalthatacatcatchesmice.6.Itsohappendthatapolicemanwasatthesceneoftheaccident.课后练习：.这本书是有关美国历史的书。.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。.他失业了。.树叶已经变黄了。.这个报告听起来很有意思。.我们叫她Alice..他的父母给他取名为John..我们大家都认为他是诚实的。.他们把门推开了。.他们把小偷释放了。.痛苦使得他叫喊起来。.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。.他每个月理一次发。.我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。.那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了.她正在听人家讲故事。.男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。.我从来没看见这个字这样用过。.他感到很难跟你交谈英语句子成分练习用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(=)、谓语(一)、宾语(〜)：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(一)、状语(=)、补语(〜)：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.A.that B.when C.inwhichD.whereTOC\o"1-5"\h\z实义动词还是系动词？1、Shelookswell.( )Shetriedtolookattheblackboardbutsawnothing.( )2、Thestudentsfeltunhappy.( )Ifeltsomeonetouchmyback.( )3、Itwassnowinghardwhenhegottothecity.( )It'stoolate.It'sgettingdarkeranddarker.( )4、Theteacheraskedthestudenttoturnitover.( )Theleavesofthetreesturngreenwhenspringcomes.( )5、Theyoungtreesgrowfast.( )Itbegantogrowdark.( )6、Thebellsoundedat12o’clockforlunch.( )Themusicsoundsnice.( )Iwrotealetterlastnight.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Jimcannotdresshimself.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.Hetakesacoldbatheverymorning.Theysanghighpraiseforthedeedsofthehero.Thisbook