2018版高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分专题4重点3从句引导词

2重点3|从句引导词Ⅰ.定语从句的关系词(关系代词和关系副词)自查自纠解题分析语法讲解1.Takeacoupleof引导词在定语从句中作主语，指事物用breathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure：abeautiful引导定语从句的关系代that/which，当先行词为不定代词时一般用that。词有：that，which，who，whom，whose，as。他们sceneinnature，orsomeoneyoulove.在句中可作主语、宾语知为非限制根据逗号可2.Iameighteenyearsoldnow,whichmeansI've和定语。性定语从句，引导词作(1)that指人或物，可作becomeanadultandhave主语且指前面的整个句主语、宾语；which指物，子，应用which。moreresponsibilities.可作主语、宾语；非限3.It'squitenecessarytobuildaharmonyenvironmentforpeoplewho/thatsurftheInternet.制性定语从句中和介词引导词在定语从句中作后用which不用that；且指人，应用(2)who/whom指人，who作主语，whom作宾语；(3)whose指人或物，作主语who/that。4.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthosewhoseliveswereaffected.引导词在定语从句中作定语；定语且指人，应用(4)as常指整个句子，可位于句首，常表示“正如……”。whose。5.Asisoftenthecasewithchildren，Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.as引导定语从句，可位于句首。引导词在非限制性定语引导定语从句的关系副6.Wehavealiving从句中作地点状语，用词有：when，where，why。room，twobedroomswithwonderfulbalconiesandwhere。注意，不能用他们都在从句中作状32akitchen，wheremymomalwayscooksgreatdeliciousfood.which。语，表示时间、地点或原因。注意：先行词表示时间、7.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whenthe地点或原因时，引导词引导词在非限制性定语不一定用when，where，从句中作时间状语，用why，这要看在从句中作weathermaybebetter.when。什么成分而定。8.Thereasonwhyherefusedtoattendthe引导词在定语从句中作原因状语，用why。meetingwasthattheydidn'tgivehimaninvitationearlier.先行词是place指地点，但空格所填的引导词在9.Afterthinkingcarefully，hedecidedtoplantthetreeinaplacethat/whichnoonecouldfind.从句中作find的宾语，故填that/which。注意，若在最后加上it，所填之词就是where。10.9.5millionChinesepeoplehavemoved介词后面的引导词指人abroadsince1978，many引导词在介词后，指人时用whom，指物时用ofwhomarefarricherthanearlierwavesofimmigrants.用whom。which。Ⅱ.名词性从句的连接词(连接词、连接代词和连接副词)自查自纠解题分析语法讲解It作形式主语，引导词在引导名词性从句的连接词包括that，whether/if，只起连接作用，应用它们在从句中不作任何1.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.主语从句中没有任何含义，32that。成分，只起连接作用，引导词在同位语从句中不that无任何含义，作成分，只起连接作用，whether/if意为“是表示“是否”，应用否”，if只能引导宾语whether。2.Westillhavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.从句。3.Whowillbeinvitedtotheceremonyhasn'tbeendecided.引导名词性从句的连接引导词在主语从句中作主代词包括who，whom，应用who。语且指人，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，4.Ithinkwhatimpressedmeabouthispaintingisthecolorheuses.引导词在主语从句中作主whichever，它们既起引应用what。导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语且指物，引导词在主语从句中作语、表语、定语等成分。5.Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowningboyisworthpraising.主语，意为“无论谁”，需注意what表示“什应用whoever。么”，而which表示“哪一个”。6.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.引导词在表语从句中作时间状语，应用when。7.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That'swhereIwasborn.”引导名词性从句的连接引导词在表语从句中作地副词包括when，where，应用where。why，how，它们既起点状语，引导从句的作用，同时又8.Oncehewasaskedwhyhekeptontryingtomakeanewtypeofbatterywhenhehadfailedsooften.引导词在宾语从句中作原在从句中作时间、地点、因状语，应用why。原因或方式状语。9.Shehasknownhowshe引导词在宾语从句中作方shouldsettlethematter.式状语，应用how。Ⅲ.状语从句的连词自查自纠解题分析语法讲解321.Onourlasthike，weweretoldtotakearestwhenwefelttired.表示“当……时候”，时间状语从句的引导用when。词常见的有：when，while，as，before，after，Itwon'tbelong2.Johnthinksitwon'tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.before...为固定句型，since，till，until，once，before引导时间状语从themoment等。句。3.Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild，you'dbetterstaywhereyouareandwaitforhelp.所填之词引导地点状语地点状语从句通常由从句，用where。where引导。4.Ifeveryonedoeshispart,theprojectwillsurelybeasuccess.if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。条件状语从句的引导词常见的主要是if和unless。unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果5.Shesaysthatshe'llhavetoclosetheshopunlessbusinessimproves.不”。原因状语从句中6.MarkneedstolearnChinesebecausehiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.此处强调原因，应用because强调原因；as，because。since，nowthat指双方都知道的原因。让步状语从句的引导词有：although，7.Although/Though/WhileI引导让步状语从句表示though，while，evenunderstandyouropinion，I“尽管，虽然”用if/though。as/though用although/though/while。于倒装的让步状语从句。don'tagreewithyou.8.Hetoldussuchaninterestingstorythatwealllaughed.考查such...that...结结果状语从句主要是构。so/such...that...。32as引导方式状语从句，9.Thestudentsshoulddotheexperimentsastheyweretold.方式状语从句“按照，像……一词主要是as。的引导表示样”。[语篇填空]用适当的从句引导词填空Itwaslateonemorning.Idon'trememberwhatitwasabout，butmyhusbandandIhadaheatedargument.Ithrewafewthingsinasmallsuitcaseandlefthome，notknowingwhereIwasgoing.Afterdrivingincirclesforseveralminutes，Istoppedatashoptobuysomething.Atthattime，mydaughtercalledmeandtoldmeherdadwasworriedaboutme.Butbecausemyangerhadn'tleftme，Ihungupthephoneimmediately.WhenIwenttomycarquicklyafterfinishingmypurchase，Ifoundapieceofwhitepaperstuckundermywindshieldwiper(雨刮器).AtruckpulledupbesidemebeforeIcouldseethewordsonthepaperclearly.Hangingoutofthewindowwasmyhusband，besidewhomwasmylovelydaughter.That'swhenIstartedlaughing.Movedbythem，IlaughedsohardthatIcried.Although/ThoughIhadmadegreateffortstorunawayfromhome，themanwholovedmemanagedtofindme.(对应学生用书第77页)A(2017·浙江金丽衢十二校5月联考)QingMingJie(AllSouls'Day)isatimetoremember1dead.ItisamajorChinesefestivalwhich2(fall)inearlyspring.Itisanoccasionforthewholefamilytoleavethehomeandtosweepthegravesoftheirforefathers.QingMingispopularlyassociatedwithJieZiTui，3livedinShanxiProvincein600B.C.LegendhasitthatJiesavedhisstarvinglord'slifebyservingapieceof4ownleg.Whenthelord5(succeed)inbecomingtherulerofasmallkingdom，heinvitedhisfaithfulfollowertojoinhim.ButJiedeclinedthe32invitation，6(prefer)toleadaquietlifewithhismotherinthemountains.BelievingthathecouldforceJieoutbyburningthemountains，thelordorderedhismentosettheforestonfire.7，Jiechosetoremainwherehewasandwasburntto8(die).TohonorJie，the“coldfoodfeastday”began，whennofirecouldbelit.Astimepassed，theQingMingfestivalreplacedthe“coldfood”festival.Tomakethefestivalevenmore9(meaning)，sometimeshouldbespenttoremindtheyoungermembersofthefamily10contributionsoftheirancestors，andthestoryofJieZiTui.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了中国传统节日——清明节的来历。1.the[考查冠词。清明节是纪念死者的日子。固定表达“the＋adj.”表示一类人。thedead死去的人。]2.falls[考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。清明节是在初春。先行词为amajorChinesefestival，为单数，且为一个客观事实，故要用falls。]3.who[考查定语从句的关系词。根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为JieZiTui，在从句中作主语，故要用who。]4.his[考查形容词性物主代词。传说中，介子推割股奉君，救了他主人的命。hisown他自己的。]5.succeeded[考查谓语动词的时态。此处描述的是过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。]6.preferring[考查非谓语动词。根据前面的谓语动词declined可知，此处要用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。]7.However[考查副词。但介子推选择待在原地不动。根据后面的逗号可知，此处要用副词however。此处不可用连词but。]8.death[考查名词。作介词to的宾语要用名词形式。固定表达burn...todeath32把……烧死。]9.meaningful[考查形容词。为了使这个节日更有意义。根据前面的evenmore可知，此处要用形容词作make的宾语补足语。meaningful有意义的。]10.of[考查介词。固定表达remindsb.of...提醒某人……B【导学号：38144014】4月模拟。](2017·金华十校)ThemomentJane，justninemonthsold，sawanotherbabyfall，tearscameintoherowneyesandshecrawled(爬)offtohermother11(comfort)asthoughitwasshewhohadbeenhurt.And15-month-oldMichaelwenttogethisownteddybearforhiscryingfriend.12oftheaboveactsofsympathyandcaringwereobservedbyscientists.Theyhavefoundthatbabiesfeelsympathyevenbeforethey13(full)realizethattheyexistapartfromotherpeople.Even14(month)afterbirth，babiesreacttoapaininothersasifit15(be)theirown，cryingwhentheyseeanotherchild'stears.16aboutoneyearold，theystarttorealizethepainisnottheirownbutsomeoneelse's.Inastudy，forexample，aone­year­oldbroughthisownmotherovertocomfortacryingfriend，17(ignore)thefriend'smother，18wasalsointheroom.Thisconfusionisseentoowhenone-year-oldbabiesimitate(模仿)thepainofsomeoneelse，possiblyto19(well)understandhowtheyarefeeling.Forexample，ifanotherbabyhurtsherfingers，aone­year­oldmightputherfingersinhermouthtoseeifshehurts，too.Onseeinghismothercry，onebabywipedhisowneyes，20therewerenotearsinhiseyes.【语篇解读】科学家们发现婴儿对他人具有同情与关爱之心，对他人的痛苦感觉就好像是自己的一样。11.tobecomforted[考查动词不定式。她爬向妈妈，想要得到安慰。she与动词comfort之间为被动关系，故要用不定式的被动形式作目的状语。]12.Both[考查代词。根据前面的Jane和Michael的所作所为可知，此处表示“这32两个同情和关爱的行为”，故要用both。]13.fully[考查副词。此处修饰动词realize，故要用副词fully作状语。]14.months[考查名词复数。甚至在出生几个月后。month为可数名词，故此处要用复数形式。]15.were[考查虚拟语气。婴儿对别人痛苦的反应就好像是他们自己的一样。此处asif后的谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，故要用were。]16.By[考查介词。到大约1岁时，他们就开始意识到不是自己的，而是别人的疼痛。by到……为止。]17.ignoring[考查非谓语动词。此处aone-year-old与动词ignore之间为主动关系，作状语，故要用现在分词形式。]18.who[考查定语从句的关系词。根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为thefriend'smother，故要用who。]19.better[考查副词的比较级。能更好的理解他们的感觉。根据句意可知此处要用比较级形式。]20.though/yet/although/but[考查连词。一看到妈妈哭，婴儿就抹自己的眼睛，尽管/或/但眼睛里没有眼泪。故此处要用though/yet/although/but。]C(2017·杭州二中5月仿真模拟)AlexandDonnaVoutsinasarelikemanycouples；theymetatwork，fellinloveandwerepreparingforthecoming21(marry).Daysbeforetheirwedding，thecouplewaslookingatoldfamily22(photo)whenDonnacameacrossapictureofherselfasachild23vacationatDisneyandshowedittoherboyfriend.ButAlexwasmoreinterestedintheman24(walk)inthebackgroundbehindDonna'ssmilingfamilyandthecharacterMr.SmeefromDisney's“PeterPan”.Alexrecognizedthemaninthebackgroundbecauseitwashisfather，25waspushing32astroller(婴儿车)duringtheirownfamilytriptoDisney.Decadesbeforetheymetasadults，thecouple26(cross)pathsatDisneyaskids.“Just27(be)inthesamepicturewithmywifewhenwewere28(basic)babies，it'sunbelievable，”AlexVoutsinassaid.Thechancemeetingismoreunbelievablebecausethetwofamilieslivedcountriesapart.29thephotowastaken，Donna'sfamilywaslivinginFloridaandAlex'sfamilycalledMontrealhome.“Iwasgladheaskedmetomarryhimbeforethepicture，”Donnasaid，“becauseIknowthatit'sbecausehelovesmeand30becausehethoughtitwasmeanttobe，itwasfate.”【语篇解读】一对即将结婚的夫妻在翻看家人的旧照片时，偶然发现他俩小时候在迪士尼竟然相遇过。21.marriage[考查名词。他们正准备着即将到来的婚姻。根据修饰词thecoming可知，此处要用名词形式作动词短语preparefor的宾语。marriage婚姻。]22.photos[考查名词复数。夫妻俩正在翻看以前的照片。根据后面的apictureofherself可知，此处要用复数形式。]23.on[考查介词。一张自己小时候在迪士尼度假的照片。固定表达onvacation度假。]24.walking[考查非谓语动词。但Alex更感兴趣的是照片背景中正在行走的那个人。名词theman与动词walk之间为主动关系，故要用动词­ing形式作后置定语。]25.who[考查定语从句的关系词。根据句子结构可知，此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为hisfather，在从句中作主语，故要用who。]26.hadcrossed[考查谓语动词的时态。这对夫妇在还是孩子的时候就在迪士尼相遇过。根据时间状语Decadesbeforetheymetasadults可知，此处表示过去32的过去，所以要用过去完成时。]27.tobe[考查动词不定式。正好与妻子在同一张照片中。副词just表示“正好”，在这里修饰tobe，强调不定式表示的状态。]28.basically[考查副词。修饰动词were要用副词形式。basically根本上。]29.When[考查时间状语从句的引导词。拍摄这张照片的时候。when引导时间状语从句。]30.not[考查否定副词。我知道这是因为他爱我，不是因为他觉得这是命中注定的。because...notbecause...因为……不是因为……。]D【导学号：38144015】(2017·宁波镇海中学模拟)Jules：HeyNathan，doyougotothegym?Nathan：Yes，Jules.IdotrytobutI'mabit...，Idon'tknow31thewordis.Jules：Lazy?Nathan：Inconsistent(肢体不协调).No，thanksverymuch.Jules：Whatdoyouactuallydo?Nathan：Itrytoworkonspecificbackandlowerback32(muscle)butit'squitedifficult.Jules：Onamachineor?Nathan：Wellthat'sthe33(fortunate)partandthegymthatIgotodoesn'thaveenoughmachines.Iusuallydolikeforty-fiveminutesofdifferentlifts34thenaboutanhourkindofstretchingafterwards.But，yeah，Idon'tlikethegymssomuch，youknow.Jules：Youareabit35(tire)ofthegym，areyou?Nathan：Yeah，andthenI'llgoup36theguyorthegirlwho'ssittingandjust37(chat)andIsaydoyoumindifIusethismachineandthentheystartusingit.Jules：Youhavetositaroundandwait?32Nathan：Yeahandthenyouhavetomissthatoutsothatitkindof38(drive)memad.Jules：Butforme，yogaismuchmoreabout39(relax)andmeditationandfarmoreaboutyourinnerworld，andthegymsdon'tseemliketherightenvironmentforme40(practice)yoga.Nathan：Right.【语篇解读】该对话主要谈论的是在健身房健身时所遇到的问题。31.what[考查宾语从句的引导词。不过我有点儿……，那个词怎么说来着？根据后面的Lazy可知，此处表达“什么(词)”。]32.muscles[考查名词复数。根据前面的修饰词specificbackandlowerback可知，此处表示“我通常专门练背肌和腰背肌”，故此处要用复数形式。]33.unfortunate[考查形容词。根据后面的doesn'thaveenoughmachines可知，这家健身房器材不足，所以应该是“不幸的”。]34.and[考查连词。我会做45分钟的不同举重训练，然后做一小时左右的拉伸训练。根据句意可知，此处为顺承关系，故要用and。then是解答此题的关键词。]35.tired[考查非谓语动词。固定表达betiredof讨厌，厌烦。]36.to[考查介词。gouptosb.走到某人跟前。]37.chatting[考查谓语动词的时态。根据前面的who'ssittingand可知，此处为并列谓语，故要用chatting。]38.drives[考查主谓一致。主语为it，根据前面的haveto可知，此处要用一般现在时。本题的难点是kindof影响了句子的理解，其实kindof在口语中表示“有点，稍微”，做题时，先把它去掉就好理解了。]39.relaxation[考查名词。瑜伽是更为放松的运动。作介词about的宾语要用名32词形式。后面的andmeditation也给予了提示。]40.topractice[考查非谓语动词。对我来说，健身房看起来并不是适合做瑜伽的环境。此处为forsb.todo...作名词的后置定语。]ETom：Umm，Lucy，I'mgettingalotof41(complain).Lucy：Really？Forwhat?Tom：Well，apparently，I'mnotagoodworker.42(finish)theproject，Ifeltreallytired.Unluckily，Iwascaught43(sleep).Themanagergotangrywithme.I'mafraidthatI44(fire).Lucy：Takeiteasy.You'rejuststartingwork.Itwon'tbetoolong45youdoitwell.Tom：Ihopeso.Doyouhave46jobexperience?Lucy：Onlyalittle.Ihelpedoutatmyfather'sofficelastyear.47(actual)，that'sadifficult48interestingjob.Ihelpedthemsortoutthedocuments.Meanwhile，Ilearnedalotaboutcomputers.Ithinkjobexperienceismeaningful.Tom：Ican'tagree49(much).Workingcanimproveskillsandbringexperience.Thankyouforyourkindness.I'llworkharder.Lucy：You'rewelcome.Whynotgoto50cinemaandforgetalltheseunhappythings?Tom：Goodidea.【语篇解读】本文是一篇对话体语法填空。Tom因为在工作上遇到烦恼向Lucy倾诉，Lucy结合自身的经历鼓励Tom，使他重拾信心，更加积极地面对工作。41.complaints[考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，“alotof”之后缺少宾语，故应用名词complaints。]42.Havingfinished[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，finish表示的动作发生在谓语动词felt表示的动作之前，且I与finish之间存在主谓关系，故用32现在分词的完成式Havingfinished。]43.sleeping[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“catchsb.doingsth.”结构的被动语态，故本题答案为sleeping。]44.willbefired[考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示将来的动作，且I与fire之间存在动宾关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。]45.before[考查连词before的用法。此处存在句式“It＋be＋时间＋before＋其他”，意为“过了……之后才……”。]46.any[考查不定代词的用法。any用在否定句或疑问句中，表示“一些”。而some用于肯定句中。]47.Actually[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作整个句子的状语。位于句首，首字母应大写。]48.but[考查连词。由difficult和interesting可知，空格处应表示转折关系，故用but。]49.more[考查固定搭配。Ican'tagreemore意为“我非常赞同”。]50.the[考查冠词。此处存在固定搭配gotothecinema“去看电影”。]FLastweekendourschoolheldasportsmeeting.51(realize)itwasourlasthighschoolsportsmeeting，wedecidedtomakeitanunforgettableexperienceforallofus.Wefirstattendedtheopeningparade，for52ourclasshadmadealotof53(prepare).54ourexcitement，ourparadeperformancewasagreatsuccess.Aftertheparade，thegamestarted.Myclassmatesattended55(vary)eventssuchasrunning，highjumpandlong