高考英语名词性从句复习导学案

高考英语名词性从句复习一、学习内容概览1、名词性从句的分类2、各名词性从句详解3、定语从句语同位语从句的使用区分二、内容精讲一）定义在复合句中具有名词性质并作主语或宾语或表语或同位语的从句，叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。二）引导名词性从句的关联词：1.从属连词：that,if,whetherthat本身没有意义，在从句中不做任何句子成分。引导单个宾语从句时，that可以。但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、形式宾语it并存的宾语从句时，that。如果引导两个或两个以上宾语从句，第一个that，从第二个宾语从句起向后的从句中的that。E.g.Idon,tthinkthatsheiscoming.Itwasnotwisethatyouquarreledwithyouclassmate.Thereasonisthatheiscareless.Thenewsthatourteamwonthematchinspiredus.Idon,tthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Hetoldmethathisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtolivealone.whether和if都表示“是否”，在从句中不担当句子成分。引导宾语从句时（动词后面的宾语从句）者可以换用Iwonderif/whetherIcangetsomeadvicefromyou.Askhimwhether/ifhecancome.但在下列情况下，whether和if不能换用：shewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Thequestionisitisworthdoing.Noneofthemcananswerthequestionitisworthdoing.Italldependsontheywilldotheirbest.itistrueornot,Ican,ttell.Idon,tknowtoacceptorrefuse.Letmeknowyoucancomeornot.2.连接代词：who,whom,what,which,whose及whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever,whosever既保留原意，又在从句中担当句子成分。既“谁，什么，哪一个，谁的，无论谁，无论什么，无论哪一个”。以上这些词都是“代词”，因此常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语，不作。注意：what除译成“什么”，在从句中还可译成"所...的（事物）”=thething（s）that/which.what（pron.）在从句中，必须做成分，常做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语ThisisthebookIwant.ThisisIwant.Thethingismostimportantinlifeisn,tmoney.ismostimportantinlifeisn,tmoney.Thecityisfardifferentfromitwastenyearsago.Sheisnolongershewasfiveyearsago.♦whatever,whoever,whomever的功能它们一般可以引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句，并在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。止匕时，whatever和whoever不含疑问意义。即whatever=;whoever= oWhomever二 ThesepicturesaresospecialthatIwoulddo/Icantosavethem./knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto/wantstohaveit.【注意】whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever即疑问词+ever的合成词还可以引导让步状语从句。止匕时whatever=nomatterwhat,whoever=nomatterwho,whomever=nomatterwhom,whichever=nomatterwhichyouwant,I'llbuyitforyou.I'llshowyouyouwanttosee.连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however既保留原意，又在从句中做状语。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.havenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.Thatiswhyhedidn,tcometothemeeting.Tip:名词性从句关联词的选择要根据关联词在句子中的成分及句意来选择。【练一练】.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever2.surprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That…what B.What…that C.That…which D.What…whichwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.WhereThatisLuXunoncelived.A.what B.where C.that D.whyWorldAIDSDayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway,andtherearemanythingsstilltobedone.A.what B.where C.that D.why三）四种名词性从句句法结构1、主语从句：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句做句子主语时主句的谓语常用。但当what引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词的形式应根据句意确定。Whatweneedmoremoney./Whatweneedmoreexperiencedteachers.1）that引导的主语从句Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedeveryoneofus.Thatinsomecountrieswomenarestilltreatedunequallyisunfair.总结：从属连词that在主语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用疑问形式：Hasitexcitedeveryoneofusthathewillcometotheconference？ ？2）形式主语it替代主语从句that引导的主语从句可以用形式主语替代，it前置Ithasexcitedeveryoneofusthathewillcometotheconference.Itisunfairthatinsomecountrieswomenarestilltreatedunequally.常见的it作形式主语的句式有:①It+be+形容词+that从句。Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能明天会有一场暴雨。适用于此句型的常用形容词有：obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,quiteclear,unusual,etc.②It+be+名词词组+that从句。It'sapitythatwecan'tgo.It'snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.适用于此句型的常用名词词组有：afact,goodnews,nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.③It+be+过去分词+that从句。ItissaidthatMrGreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.适用于此句型的常用过去分词有：said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.④It+特殊动词+that从句。Itturnedoutthathewasneverthere.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.适用于此句型的常用过去分词有:happen（碰巧）,matter（关系重大），turnout（结果），occurtosb.（某人突然想起）等不及物动词及短语注意：形式主语it与强调结构itis/was…that/who中的it的区别。ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.whether引导的主语从句Itisdoubtfulwhethertheworkcanbecompletedontime.Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.wh-类连接词引导的主语从句该类词包括］连接代词（who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whateve）连接副词（when,where,how,why,whenever,where,however）willbeinchargeoftheprojecthasn,tbeendecidedyet.=It thenewroadisopentotraffichasn,tbeenmadeclear. wecan,tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.weshoulddonextremainsunknown.【练一练】.theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.A./ B.That C.What D.Whereacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.A.If B.WhetherC.EvenifD.When.hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.A.WhatallB.AllwhatC.What D.Whatthat.Whentheywillstartnotbeendecided.A.have B.is C.does D.has.certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.A.ThatisB.ThisisC.ItisD.Ithas2、宾语从句：用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。1.作动词宾语Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosedictionaryitwas.Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourplan.解题技巧：动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时，要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.我发现早睡早起很重要。hate,like,take,owe,have,takeforgranted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和seeto表示“注意，留意”时，要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatthecarisinneutral.2hope,tell,say,know,think,consider,imagine,hear,expect,suppose,guess等词后，可以按陈述句语序接宾语IhopethatIcangetthechancetoattendthattraining..作介词的宾语Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.这要看他是否会来。Iwascuriousaboutwhathewilldo旌乂匕我想知道下一步我们该做什么。一般情况下介词的宾从都由wh-类连接词引导只在极少数情况下由that引导，分别是：exceptthat（除了 ），besidesthat（此外），butthat要不是（只是）其他介词的宾语从句若用that引导，则需借用it作形式宾语。E.g.Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.对于我的新邻居我只知道他是一个作者，其他一无所知。.作形容词的宾语sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示“情感”的形容词后可接宾语从句I,msurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.I,mextremelysorrythatIhavetroubledyousomuch.真高兴我们再次战胜了困难。..if和whether引导宾语从句为避免歧义，我们常用whether引导宾语从句.wh-型疑问词引导宾语从句wh-疑问词除why以外，都可接不定式短语作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句Heexplainedtomehowtodriveacar(howhecandriveacar).Hetoldmewhattodonext.(whatIshoulddonext).宾语从句中引导词that不可省略的情况一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但下列情况下一般不省略that。1）介词except,but,besides等后星艮that引导的宾语从句时。TheAmericanstoodquitestill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.2）that引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。Ithink,firstofall,thatwemustbelieveinourselves.Hesaid,inhisopinion,thatLeiFengwasagoodexampleofservingthepeopleheartandsoul3）宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。Hesaidthatifhecamebackearly,hecouldcomeforthemeeting.Marysaidthat,asshewasnotwell,shecouldnotgetthehighestscoreinthemidtermexam.4)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略。Ithink(that)itwillclearupthisafternoonandthattheywillcometosaygoodbyetous.5）当it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句后置时。Wehavemadeitclearthatwewilllearntodealwithvariousdifficultproblems.6）当when,who,what,where,why,how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。Iknowwhatthetimeisandthatthewindremainslow..宾语从句的否定转移think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。我觉得你不对。 .我不相信他们已经完成工作了.我觉得他并不关心，不是吗？?2）宾语从句中含有hardly,never,seldom,no,few,little等含否定意义的形容词或副词时，反义疑问句用肯定式Wefindthatheseldomgoestovisithisparents,?.时态的呼应与语序。在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring？Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.Doyouknowwhohewastalkingwithateightlastnight?2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。Hesaidhewouldcometoseeusthenextday.IwantedtoknowwhetherhehadbeentoBeijing.3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。DickaskedLucyhowoldsheis.Theteachersaidthesunrisesintheeast..宾语从句中的虚拟在动词insist（坚持），order（命令），command（命令）,suggest（建议）,advise（建议），propose（建议），require（要求，需要），desire（要求，渴望），demand（要求），request（要求）等词后的宾语从句中，不论主句谓语动词用何时态，宾语从句中的动词一律用‘（should）+动词原形”。ShesuggestedthatRobert（should）gotoLondonandtrytofindajobthere.老师要求学生在课堂上不应该制造如此多的噪音。.宾语从句中的特殊疑问形式（又称双重疑问句）在某些宾语从句中，宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词常被移到主句之前，构成特殊疑问形式，其构成为：Wh-/Howdoyou+vt.+宾语从句的其他部分？常见的用于此结构的动词有think,believe,consider,suppose,imagine,expect,guess,say等。Whatdoyouthinkwewilldonext?【练一练】Hewasinterestedinhehadseenattheexhibition.A.which B.thatC.allwhatD.allthatHemadequiteclearthathewouldn'tchangehismind.A.thisB.thatC.it D.what3.Idon'tknow.A.whatwasthematteroutsideB.whatthematteroutsidewasC.whatwasoutsidethematterD.whatwashappenedoutside三、巩固练习一）单选题.asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused.A.Theestimate B.TheestimateC.TheyareestimatedD.Itisestimatedthat.wasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhoD.What.wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.HoweverD.That.yousaynowcan,tmakeupforwhatyou,vedone.A.NomatterB.WhateverC.HoweverD.ThatAlthoughhappenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.A.whichB.whatC.howD.it6.shehadforgottentotakehernotebook.A.Thatoccurredtoher B.SheoccurredthatC.Toherthatoccurred D.ItoccurredtoherthatIamsurethatshesaidiswrong.A.whichB.allC.thisD.whatWelostourwayintheforest,andmademattersworsewasthatitwasgettingdark.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what9.occurredtohimthathehadforgottentolockthedoorwhenhelefthome.A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.These10.ornotisstilluncertain.A.He,scomingB.IfheiscomingC.ThatcomingD.Whetherhe,scomingIt,she,llbeabletocome.A.doubtwhetherB.doubtfulC.doubtitD.doubtfulwhetherItisthatthebridgehasexistedformorethanthreecenturies.A.appearedB.risenC.saidD.bornhesawbothsurprisedandfrightenedhim.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.Which14.isaspellofwarmsunshine.A.Whatdoweallneed.B.WhatallweneedC.Whatweneed D.Whatweallneed

.isapitythatheshouldfeelsoupset.A.WhatB.ThatC.HeD.ItHetoldmethathetoLondonthenextday.A.wouldgo B.go C.went D.hasgoneHesaidthatlightmuchfasterthansound.A.traveled B.willtravelC.travels D.istravelingA.turnOurteachersaidthatthemoonaroundtheearth.A.turnB.turned C.hasturnedD.turnsHesaidthatAprilthemonth