高考考前语法填空和短文改错时态语态和非谓语动词易错点查漏补缺

高考考前语法填空和短文改错时态语态和非谓语动词易错点查漏补缺一、时态1、表示客观事实、客观真理。Hetoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.2、一般一些含有运动含义的不及物动词（主语常为交通工具）等”用一般现在时形式表示计划、安排的将来动作，主语常为事物。它们是:come、go、leave、arrive>fly、return（返回）、start、begin。Theplanearrivesattwothisafternoon.Thetrainleavesat8amtomorrow.Thefilmbeginsat7:30thisevening.3、一些含有运动含义的动词用现在进行时表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,主语常为某人。它们常有:come、go、leave、arrive>move、begin、start等。a.Whenareyougoingbacktoschool?b.MrWhiteiscomingherenextweek.c.TheyareleavingforEnglandtomorrow.d.Thevisitorsarearrivingtomorrow.4、havebeento某地（如为here,there,home则不用to）：“去过某地”；havegoneto某地；“去了某地（还未回来）”havebeenin+某地+forsometime:在某地已经多久了。a.IhavebeentoDalian.b.Shehasgonetotheshop.Shewillbebacksoon.c.Wehavebeeninkailiforaroundtwoyears.5、瞬间动词用现在完成时，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用（如for,howlong,since）。如果要与他们连用，须挽为表示状态的系表结构。常见的瞬间动词有：die,arrive,leave,go,come,begin,join等。转挽形式：diefbedeadarrivefbein（某地）leavefbeawaybeginfbeonjoin:bein（某组织）Hehasdied（正确）b.Hehasdiedfor5years（错句）Hehasbeendeadfor5years.（正确）Hehasbeendeadsince2012.（正确）Hedied5yearsago.（正确）Itis5yearssincehedied.（正确）6、瞬间动词的现在完成时的否定式可以与表示一般时间的状语连用。a.Ihaven,tmethimforages.b.Shehasn,tcome/returnedhomesince1900.7、在与uptonow/uptopresent,bynow,sofar,during/in/overthepast（last）threeyears连用时，须用现在完成时。a.Inthelasttwoyears,ourcountryhaschangedalot.b.SofarBillhasbeenagreatsuccess.8、当一个动作先于另一个动作发生，先发生的动作用完成时。a.Idon’tunderstandwhatyouhavesaidtome.b.WhenIgotthere,theyhadfinishedthework.9、在此句型This/Itisthefirst（second,third…）timethat从句中，我们常用现在完成时表示第几次做某事。a.Thisisthethirdtime（that）theyhavevisitedChina.b.ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenlateforschool.10、havebeendoingsth一直在做某事AlltheseyearshehasbeenworkinghardatEnglish.Wehavebeenwaitingforyou,Wherehaveyoubeen?11、过去进行时：表示在过去的某一时间点（如：4p.myesterday）或某一时间段（如：yesterdaymorning）正在进行的动作。a.Iwascleaningourclassroomat4p.myesterday.b.MymotherwascookingwhenIgothomeyesterday.ShirleywaswritingabookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon,tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.比较：LastnightMarywrotealettertoherparents.（动作昨晚就结束了）From9:00to11:00thismorningtheteacherswerehavingameeting.（这一时段正在做）HesaidthathewascomingtoChinathisyear.（过去进行时表示将来）12、过去完成时：过去的两个动作，如强调发生的先后，先发生的用过去完成时，即“过的过去"haddonesth已做了某事whenhereachedtheshop,ithadalreadyclosed.Theyhadfinishedplantingthetreesbeforethismorning.注意：1）、by,bytheendof,bythetime接表示过去的时间，须用过去完成时。BythetimeIgothome,mymotherhadfinishedcooking.Bytheendof6months,MarxhadlearntEnglishquitewell.2）、表示原计划、原打算、原希望、原认为等含义，但终未发生的事时，用过完成时来表示。这类动词常有：want,mean（打算）,plan,hope,think,suppose（认为），expect（期望），etc.Ihadexpectedthathewouldcometovisitus.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusy.Wehadthoughtwecouldcatchthebus,butweweretoolate.3）、在nosooner…than（一…就）或hardly„when（一…就）句型中，要用过去完成时。IhadnosoonerfinishedmyhomeworkthanthelightwentoutLIhadhardlyfinished…whenthelight…NosoonerhadIfinishedmyhomeworkthanthelightwentout.lHardlyhadIfinished。…whenthelight•…13、当after,before,assoonas（themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly）弓I导时间状语从句时，先发生的动作没必要用过去完成时，只需一般过去时就行。a.Thetrainleftbeforehegotthere.b.IplayedbasketballafterIfinishedmyhomework.c.Assoonas/Themoment/Immediatelyhecameback,hegaveussomehelp.14、betodosth,beabouttodosth可以表示将来。a.It,storainsoon. b.Youaretostayathome.c.Havemorepatience.We'reabouttoleavesoon.15、当主句用了一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句要用一般现在时的形式来替代一般将来时。Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.Whenshevisitsme,weshall/willplaycomputergamestogether.PleasegivemeaphonecallwhenyouarriveinBeijing.（祈使句隐含了将来时）Ifitisfinethisweekend,wecangooutforapicnic.（情态动词隐含了将来时）16、表示在将来某一时间之前将已经完成的动作。willhavedone.将已做了某事Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbytomorrowafternoon.Accordingtotheplan,theywillhaveplantedallthetreesbefore5p.mtomorrow.二、主动表被动.下列实义动词作系动词时用主动结构表被动意思，常见的有:look,sound,smell,taste,feel,prove等Thestoryproved(tobe)true.Thismaterialfeelssoft..“sthis(well)worthdoing”结构中,doing即为：主动表被动。Thenovelisworthreadingagain±E较：Thenovelisworthytoberead/ofbeingreadagain..当need/want/require意为“需要”用v-ing形式，也可以用tobedone①Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).②Thehousewantspainting(=tobepainted)..某些与can,t,won,t等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open,start等，用主动结构表被动意思,e.g.①Thestonecan'tmove.②Thedoorwon'tshut..某些可以和well,easily,smoothly等副词连用的动词如read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook,sell,lock,open,shut,且主语是sth,用主动结构表被动意思,e.g.①Thiskindofbooksellswell.②Thepenwritessmoothly.③Theclothwasheswell.④Thepoemreadssmoothly.6.不定式作定语，如："sb.hassth.todo”结构，用主动结构表被动意思，此时主语与todo存在逻辑主谓关系，。todo与宾语存在逻辑动宾关系，如果该动词为不及物动词，注意添加相应介词。①Hehasmanyproblemstosolve.(solvetheproblems)②Whitehaslotsofthingstodo.(dothethings)③Ihavearoomtolivein.(liveintheroom)④Shehasfoundahoteltostayat.(stayattheholel)⑤Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.(writewiththepen).“sthisadj.+todo”结构，todo与sth.存在逻辑动宾关系,也用主动结构表被动，这些表语形容词有hard,difficult,easy,necessary,dangerous,comfortable,good,deliciousfit等，如果该动词为不及物动词，也要注意添加相应介词。①Theproblemishardtosolve.(solvetheproblem)②Ifindthebabydifficulttotakecareof.(takecareofthebaby).“sth/sb+系动词+todo”结构，主要用于sth.istorent/let/blamee.g.①Thetaxiistoren匕②Whoeverislateforclassistoblame..在带疑问词which/who/what的不定式中要求用主动形式表示被动含义，如果该动词为不及物动词，注意添加相应介词。Whodoyouthinkcantelluswhattodo.Theyeachwanttoborrowmybook,soIreallydon'tknowwhotolenditto..一些动词常错误使用被动语态，如：end,begin,happen,occur,takeplace,comeabout,breakout,suffer(from),belongto,consistof,last,spread,cometrue,comeup,comeout,cometoanend,cost,runout,giveout,change,develop,improve,increase,decrease,reduce等。I’msufferingfromabadback.Shesuffersalotofpain.Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.ThehousebelongingtotheGreenshasbeensold.MyEnglishhasimprovedalot. Kailihaschangedgreatlyinthepast10years.Agoodplancameupthismorning. MybookcameoutlastweekandIwasveryhappy.amtiredofthemeetinglasting3threehours.三、一些动词不要添加副词而出现意义的重复。return返回、归还，不要加‘back’如：returnbackhome（错误）returnthebookback（错误）repeat重复，不要力口again,如：repeatmywordsagain（错误）一些动词注意不要添加介词，因为它们本身就是及物动词。dresssb,facesth/sb,consultsb,contactsb,benefitsb,harmsb,visitsb,handlesth,limitsth,offersth,raisesth,respectsb,satisfysb,sharesth,marrysb,interestsb,affectsb,servesb,entertheroom,shouldersth,三、非谓语动词1、stop、try、goon、regret、remember>forget、mean、beusedto、can,thelp等接动名词或不定式时含义完全不同，要特别注意。stoptodosth/doingsth ②trytodosth/doingsthgoontodosth/doingsth④meantodosth/doingsthbeusedtodosth/doingsthremember/forgettodosth/doingsth/havingdonesthregrettosay/tell/informsb./doingsth/havingdonesthcan'thelptodosth/doingsth can,thelpbutdosth2、形容词如happy、glad、pleased>excited、sure、ready、eager、free、afraid、anxious、willingsad、angry、disappointed>frightened>shocked>moved、encouraged etc后接不定式时，表示具有这种心理活动的原因。3、介词只有but和except要接不定式作宾语，如果前面谓语部分有动词do/does/did该不定式要省略“to”。Hehadnothingtodobut/exceptstayathome.Wehadnochoicebut/excepttolearnEnglishwellforourfuture.4、need、want、require作“需要”含义时，主语是物体，用动名词doingsth形式表示被动含义。也可以用不定式被动形式“tobedone”。5、动名词作表语用来解释主语的内容。a.Myjobisteaching.b.Ourtaskisstudyinghard.不定式作表语，强调具体的，一次性的或未来的动作，而动名词则表示泛指的概念。MygoalistogotoTongjiUniversity.Ourtasktodayistodiscusstheproblem.6、分词作表语，说明一个“状态”，它们相当于adj用。a.Theglassisbroken.b.WefoundthatourEnglishwastoolimited.AfricaisconnectedwithAsia.Shefoundthathernecklacewasgone/lost/missing.Around71%ofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.其他如：befurnishedwithget/beengagedtosb.beadmittedto/intobeequippedwithget/bemarriedtosb.befilledwithbearmedwithbedevotedtosth/doingsthbeused/accustomedtodoingsthbeoccupiedwith bedeterminedtodosthbeabsorbedinbeaddictedtosth/doingsth besatisfiedwithbepleasedwith becontentwithbecontenttodosthbefullofbefondofbetiredofbesurprised/excited-・atbeproudofbefamousforbefamousinbestrictwithsb.bestrictinsthbefurnishedwithbedressedinbeseatedin/onbefacedwith8、常用具有“使……”含义的动词作表语，ing形式为‘令人…的’，ed‘感到…的’please、delight、excite、encourage>inspire>discourage、depress>disappoint、frustrate>surprise>astonish>amaze、shock、interest、move、touch、confuse、puzzle、frighten>scare、terrify、tire、exhaust、bore、worry、satisfy>embarrass>annoy etcThefilmismoving,andIwasmovedtotearswhenIwatchedit.AfteratiringSunday,Maryfelttired.9、动名词作定语表示用途，studyingmaterials,aswimmingpoolteachingbuildings10、不定式作定语：一般放在中心词之后作后置定语。从时间的角度看不定式的动作发生在主要动词之后（含有一种将来的含义）。不定式是不及物动词时，注意加上相应的介词。Shehasalettertowrite.Doyouhaveenoughpapertowriteon?Thefamilyhaveasmallhousetolivein.Ihavefoundacomfortablehoteltostayat.注意1）therebe句型中，可用todo或tobedone作定语，表示将来的动作。Thereisameetingtoattend/tobeattended.2）表示现在的，则用ing形式。Thereisamanstandingonthemiddleoftheroad.3）表示已经完成的被动动作，用ed形式。Thereisastadiumbuiltneartheofficebuilding.表示正在进行的被动动作，用beingdone形式。Thereisateachingbuildingbeingbuiltnexttoourclassroom.11、单个分词作定语（前置定语）。A：主动且进行，用现在分词一主动但完成了，用过去分词therisingsun/therisensundevelopingcountries/developedcountriesfallingleaves/fallenleavesboilingwater/boiledwaterB：具有“使……”含义的动词，中心词是人用过去分词，是物体则用现在分词。Themovingstory/themovedpeopleTheinterestingfilm/theinterestedstudents而：afrightened100k(感到恐惧的表情)、anexcitedexpression(感到激动的表情)C:单纯的被动含义则用过去分词，writtenEnglish、spokenEnglish、smokedmeat、brokenglass、awoundedboy12、分词短语作定语(后置定语)A.现在分词doing表示主动或主动进行的含义。Tellthechildren(playingthere)nottomakesomuchnoise.B.过去分词表示被动，完成的含义。注意，如果表示被动进行，则用beingdone形式；如果表示被动，将来则用tobedone形式。Thisisthebuilding(builtlastyear).Thebuilding(beingbuiltthere)isourlibrary.Thereisabuilding(tobebuiltnextyear).13、不定式一般只用作目的状语，结果状语(onlytodosth)原因状语。WecometoKailiNo.1Middleschoolto/inorderto/soastostudy.Tocatch/Inordertocatchthetrain,wearrivedthereearlier.Wearrivedatthestationalittlelate,onlytofind/onlytobetoldthetrainhadleft.Sheisn't01denoughtogotoschool.Heistooshorttobeavolleyballplayer—而I’mtoogladtohelpyou./Heistooclevertoworkouttheproblem.Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle.Heissuchafoolastodosuchsillythings.Johnwasverypleasedtobegiventhejob.Helookedhappytohearthenews.14、分词作状语a.Everydaytheystoodthere,begging.b.LedbytheParty,we’vewongreatsuccess.Weentered,followedbysomechildren.Themandied,leavingnothingtohiswifeandchildren.分词用作时间状语时，其前可以保留when或while,作条件状语时，可以保留if,让步状语时可以保留though/although/evenif,eventhough等。a.When/whilewalkingthere,ImetJon.b.Ifheated,waterwillchangeintosteam.其中，注意on/upondoingsth中的doing为动名词，此形式相当于assoonas的含义。On/Uponhearingthebadmews,thewomanburstintotears.15、havingdone一般用作状语，表示时间、原因，相当于because、after引导的原因、时间状语从句，强调分词的动作先于主句谓语动作。主动情况用havingdone,被动情况用havingbeendone,后者经常用一个简单的过去分词done来替换。Havinglearned(=Afterhelearned)Englishaboutfouryears,hewenttoAmericaforfurtherstudy.Havingfailed(=Becauseshehadfailed)severaltimes,shedidn'twanttotryagain.Havingbeenanurseformanyyears,sheisveryexperienced.16、注意，当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语，而是带上它自己的逻辑主语时，逻辑主语+分词（ing或ed）就叫分词的独立结构。此结构只作状语。Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.Thesignalgiven,thetrainpulledoutofthestation.Thekeylost,shecouldn,tentertheroom.Weatherpermitting,theywillgoforapicnic.17、试比较不定式的复合结构和动名词的复合结构。不定式的复合结构即：forsbtodosth常用于It7s+adjof/forsbtodo$山.句型。如果表示“某人做某事是……的”则用for；如果说表示“某人是……的，所以某人做某事”则用of（此情况常涉及的adj如：good、nice、kind、clever、stupid、silly、foolish、wrong、right、careless>careful etc）。Itisdifficultmetofinishthebookintwodays.Itisselfish（自私的）youtothinkofyourselfonly.c.It,sclevertheboytofindhiswayhome.d.It,sverynecessaryustolearnEnglishwell.动名词的复合结枸当动名词的动作发出者不是主语，而有它自己的动作发出者即逻辑主语。此时，该逻辑主潘动名词就叫动名词的复合结构。该结构作主语时，用one,sdoing形式，其他用one,s/onedoing形式。Theteacher’scomingherewillhelpalot.Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?Theyinsistedonour/usstayinghereabitlonger.18、with短语也同看作一种独立结构（作伴随状语，原因状语以及定语）。withsb/sthdoing主动进行Withnobodyhelpingme,Ihavetodoitmyself.Withwintercomingon,it,stimetobuywarmclothes.withsb/sthdone被动、完成Withnothingsolved,hehadtoaskformorehelp.Withsthbeingdone被动，进行Withtheroadbeingrepaired,wemustchooseanotherway.withsb/sthtodo表将来（可含有主动表被动的含义）Withalotofproblemstosettle,hefeelsmuchstress.19、一些动词习惯用不定式作宾补，eg:asksbtodosth.这类动词有：want、wish、expect、ask、tell、order、beg、all