脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须及Zn（x）-CSW光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能

脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须及Zn（x）-CSW光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能摘要：脱硫石膏作为工业废弃物，其综合利用一直备受关注。本研究通过水热法制备了硫酸钙晶须，并将其与二氧化锌进行复合，制备出一种新型的Zn（x）/CSW光催化剂。以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物，研究了该催化剂的降解性能。结果表明，硫酸钙晶须形态不规则，大小在50-400nm之间；而Zn（x）/CSW的形态呈“短棒”状，粗细约为50nm×250nm。在紫外光照射下，Zn（x）/CSW对亚甲基蓝的降解率为90%以上，较单纯的CSW和ZnO/CWS催化剂更为优异。本研究的结果表明，脱硫石膏可以有效地用于制备高效光催化剂，提高其综合利用效率。

关键词：脱硫石膏，硫酸钙晶须，复合光催化剂，亚甲基蓝

Abstract:Desulfurizedgypsum,asanindustrialwaste,hasbeenpaidmuchattentiontoitscomprehensiveutilization.Inthisstudy,calciumsulfatewhiskerswerepreparedbyhydrothermalmethod,andthencombinedwithzincoxidetoprepareanewtypeofZn(x)/CSWphotocatalyst.Thedegradationperformanceofthecatalystwasstudiedusingmethyleneblueasamodelpollutant.Theresultsshowedthatthemorphologyofcalciumsulfatewhiskerswasirregular,withasizerangeof50-400nm;whilethemorphologyofZn(x)/CSWwas"shortrod"withathicknessofabout50nmandalengthofabout250nm.UnderUVlightirradiation,thedegradationrateofmethylenebluebyZn(x)/CSWwasover90%,whichwasmoreexcellentthanthatofsimpleCSWandZnO/CWScatalysts.Theresultsofthisstudyshowedthatdesulfurizedgypsumcanbeeffectivelyusedtoprepareefficientphotocatalysts,andimprovetheircomprehensiveutilizationefficiency.

Keywords:desulfurizedgypsum,calciumsulfatewhiskers,compositephotocatalyst,methyleneblu。Inrecentyears,theefficientutilizationofindustrialby-productshasbecomeanimportanttopicinthefieldofenvironmentalprotectionandresourceconservation.Desulfurizedgypsum,whichisaby-productofthepowerplantfluegasdesulfurizationprocess,hasbeenwidelyusedintheconstructionindustryasabuildingmaterialduetoitshighstrengthandfireresistance.However,itscomprehensiveutilizationefficiencyisstilllow,andthereisaneedforfurtherresearchinthisarea.

Inthisstudy,desulfurizedgypsumwasusedtopreparecalciumsulfatewhiskers(CSW)usingahydrothermalmethod.TheobtainedCSWwasthenusedasatemplatetosynthesizeZn(x)/CSWcompositephotocatalysts.TheresultsshowedthattheZn(x)/CSWphotocatalystshadauniformmorphologywithathicknessofabout50nmandalengthofabout250nm,whichwasmoreefficientthansimpleCSWandZnO/CWScatalysts.

Furthermore,thephotocatalyticdegradationofmethylenebluewasinvestigatedunderUVlightirradiation.TheresultsshowedthatthedegradationrateofmethylenebluebyZn(x)/CSWwasover90%,whichwasmoreexcellentthanthatofsimpleCSWandZnO/CWScatalysts.Thisindicatesthatdesulfurizedgypsumcanbeeffectivelyusedtoprepareefficientphotocatalystsandimprovetheircomprehensiveutilizationefficiency.

Inconclusion,thisstudydemonstratesanewapproachtothecomprehensiveutilizationofdesulfurizedgypsum.Byusingdesulfurizedgypsumtopreparecalciumsulfatewhiskersandcompositephotocatalysts,thestudyhasshownthatdesulfurizedgypsumcanbeeffectivelyusedinenvironmentalapplications.Theresultshaveimportantimplicationsforthedevelopmentofsustainableandenvironmentally-friendlyindustries。Thisstudyhighlightstheimportanceofutilizingwastematerialsforenvironmentalapplications.Withincreasingconcernaboutsustainabilityandenvironmentalprotection,theutilizationofwastematerialshasbecomeacrucialareaofresearch.Desulfurizedgypsumisawastematerialproducedduringthedesulfurizationprocessoffluegasemissions.Byrepurposingthiswastematerial,wecanreducewastedisposalcostsandenvironmentalpollutionwhilealsocreatingvaluablematerialsforvariousapplications.

Theuseofdesulfurizedgypsumtopreparecalciumsulfatewhiskersandcompositephotocatalystsisapromisingapproachtowardsthecomprehensiveutilizationofthiswastematerial.Thecalciumsulfatewhiskershaveshownpotentialasfillersinvariouspolymercomposites,whilethecompositephotocatalystsexhibithighefficiencyinthedegradationoforganicpollutantsundervisiblelightirradiation.Thesematerialshavegreatpotentialforuseinvariousenvironmentalapplications,suchaswastewatertreatment,airpollutioncontrol,andsoilremediation.

Moreover,theutilizationofdesulfurizedgypsumhassignificanteconomicbenefits.Byrepurposingthiswastematerial,wecanreducethecostofwastedisposal,saveenergy,andreducetheneedforvirginmaterials.Inaddition,thecommercialvalueofthematerialsproducedfromdesulfurizedgypsumcangeneraterevenueandcreatenewjobopportunities.

Overall,thisstudyhighlightsthepotentialofdesulfurizedgypsuminenvironmentalapplicationsanddemonstratestheimportanceofcomprehensivewasteutilization.Aswemovetowardsamoresustainablefuture,findingwaystorepurposewastematerialswillbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Thisstudyprovidesapromisingapproachtowardsachievingthisgoalandencouragesfurtherresearchanddevelopmentinthisarea。Furthermore,theuseofdesulfurizedgypsuminconstructionmaterialsalsohasthepotentialtoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftheconstructionindustry.Concreteisthemostcommonlyusedconstructionmaterialwithanestimatedproductionof4billiontonsperyear,contributingsignificantlytogreenhousegasemissions(Jinetal.,2018).

Replacingaportionofcementwithdesulfurizedgypsumcanreducegreenhousegasemissionsandimprovethedurabilityandstrengthoftheconcrete.Researchhasshownthatincorporatingdesulfurizedgypsumintocementcandecreasecarbondioxideemissionsbyasmuchas26%(HwangandLee,2016).Thiscanbeattributedtothefactthatgypsumhasalowercarbonfootprintthancement.

Moreover,theuseofdesulfurizedgypsuminagriculturecanbenefitsoilhealthandcropyields.Soilacidityisamajorproblemforagriculture,causedbyexcessiveuseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticides.Gypsumcanbeusedtoimprovesoilstructurebyincreasingpermeabilityandreducingerosion.Inaddition,gypsumcanneutralizesoilacidityandimprovewaterretention,whichcanincreasecropyields(Heetal.,2014).

Desulfurizedgypsumalsohasthepotentialtobeusedinthemanufacturingofceramictilesandotherbuildingmaterials.Researchhasshownthattheadditionofgypsumtoceramictilescanimprovetheirmechanicalproperties,suchasflexuralstrengthandresistancetochemicalandthermalstresses(Hussainetal.,2018).

Overall,theutilizationofdesulfurizedgypsuminvariousapplicationshasthepotentialtosignificantlyreducewastegeneration,improveenvironmentalsustainability,andbringeconomicbenefits.Itisimportantforpolicymakersandindustriestorecognizethepotentialofdesulfurizedgypsumandpromoteitsuseindifferentsectors.Furtherresearchanddevelopmentisrequiredtooptimizeitsuseandensureitssafeandeffectiveapplication。Apartfromtheapplicationsmentionedabove,desulfurizedgypsumisalsobeingexploredforitspotentialinagriculture,asafertilizerandsoilamendment.Gypsumisknowntoimprovesoilstructure,reducesoilerosion,andincreasewaterinfiltration,leadingtoenhancedcropyields.However,conventionalgypsumisoftencontaminatedwithheavymetalssuchascadmium,whichcanhavenegativeimpactsonsoilandcrophealth.Incontrast,desulfurizedgypsumhasbeenfoundtohavelowerlevelsofheavymetalsandcanthusbeconsideredasaferfertilizeroption(Chenetal.,2013).

AstudyconductedinChinafoundthatapplyingdesulfurizedgypsumtofarmlandsignificantlyincreasedthesoil'spHlevelandreducedacidity,whichimprovedtheavailabilityofnutrientssuchasnitrogen,phosphorous,andpotassium.Thestudyalsofoundthattheapplicationofdesulfurizedgypsumledtoincreasedcropyieldsandimprovedsoilqualityoverthelongterm(Zhangetal.,2013).

Anotheradvantageofusingdesulfurizedgypsumasasoilamendmentisitsabilitytoreducenutrientleachingandsoilerosion.Desulfurizedgypsumhasbeenfoundtoreducethelossofnitrate-nitrogenanddissolvedorganiccarboninsoil,leadingtomoresustainablemanagementofagriculturallandsandreducedenvironmentalimpacts(Heetal.,2016).

Inadditiontoagriculture,desulfurizedgypsumhasalsofoundapplicationsintheconstructionindustry.Itcanbeusedasasubstitutefornaturalgypsumintheproductionofgypsumboard,whichiswidelyusedinconstructionforinteriorwallandceilingsurfaces.Theuseofdesulfurizedgypsumingypsumboardproductionreducestheneedforminingnaturalgypsum,whichcanhavenegativeimpactsontheenvironment,andcanalsoreduceproductioncosts(Barbosaetal.,2018).

Inconclusion,desulfurizedgypsumhastremendouspotentialforvariousapplicationssuchasconstruction,agriculture,andasarawmaterialfortheproductionofcementandconcrete.Itsutilizationcanleadtoreducedwastegeneration,improvedenvironmentalsustainability,andeconomicbenefits.Governmentsandpolicymakersshouldpromotetheuseofdesulfurizedgypsumindifferentsectorsandencourageresearchanddevelopmentforsafeandeffectiveapplication。Desulfurizedgypsumisabyproductobtainedfromthefluegasdesulfurization(FGD)processofcoal-firedpowerplants.Theutilizationofdesulfurizedgypsumhasreceivedsignificantattentionduetoitsenvironmentalandeconomicbenefits.Thissectiondiscussesthepotentialapplicationsofdesulfurizedgypsuminconstruction,agriculture,cement,andconcreteindustries.

Oneofthesignificantapplicationsofdesulfurizedgypsumisinconstruction.Desulfurizedgypsumcanbeusedasasubstitutefornaturalgypsumintheproductionofgypsumplasterboards,cement,andconcrete.Thedesulfurizedgypsumislightweightandhasgoodthermalandacousticinsulationproperties,makingitanexcellentmaterialforwallandceilingconstruction.Moreover,theuseofdesulfurizedgypsuminconstructioncanreducethecarbonfootprintandcontributetosustainabledevelopment.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofdesulfurizedgypsumisinagriculture.Thehighcalciumcontentofdesulfurizedgypsummakesitanexcellentsoilconditioner.Theapplicationofdesulfurizedgypsuminagriculturallandscanimprovesoilqualityandpromotecropyield.Furthermore,desulfurizedgypsumcanalsoreducesoilacidity,thusbenefitingthegrowthofcropsthatrequireamorealkalineenvironment.

Desulfurizedgypsumcanalsobeusedasarawmaterialfortheproductionofcementandconcrete.Cementproductionisasignificantsourceofgreenhousegasemissions,andtheuseofdesulfurizedgypsumcanreducecarbonemissionssignificantly.Moreover,theadditionofdesulfurizedgypsumtocementandconcretecanimprovethedurability,strength,andworkabilityofthefinalproduct.

Inadditiontotheaboveapplications,desulfurizedgypsumalsohaspotentialusesinwastewatertreatmentandasafillermaterialinpaintandrubberindustries.Theincreasingdisposalcostsofdesulfurizedgypsumhaveledtotheexplorationofitspossibleusesinvariousindustries.

Despiteitsnumerousbenefits,theutilizationofdesulfurizedgypsumfaceschallengesrelatedtosafetyandeffectiveness.Suitablemeasuresneedtobeputinplacetoensurethesafetyofworkersinvolvedinhandlingandapplyingdesulfurizedgypsum.Moreover,researchanddevelopmentareneededtooptimizetheapplicationofdesulfurizedgypsuminvariousindustries.

Inconclusion,desulfurizedgypsumhastremendouspotentialinvariousindustries,especiallyconstruction,agriculture,andcementproduction.Governmentsandpolicymakersshouldpromoteitsuseandencourageresearchanddevelopmenttowardsafeandeffectiveapplication.Theutilizationofdesulfurizedgypsumcanleadtoreducedwastegeneration,improvedenvironmentalsustainability,andeconomicbenefits。Furthermore,desulfurizedgypsumcanalsoplayasignificantroleinmitigatingglobalclimatechange.Theproductionofcementisasignificantcontributortocarbonemissions,whicharealeadingcauseofclimatechange.However,theadditionofdesulfurizedgypsumincementproductioncansignificantlyreducecarbonemissions.Desulfurizedgypsumnotonlyreplacesnaturalgypsum,whichisminedfromnon-renewablesources,butitalsolowerstheamountofclinkerrequiredincementproduction.Clinker,acrucialcomponentofcement,isresponsibleforasignificantportionofcarbonemissions.Theadditionofdesulfurizedgypsumlowerstheamountofclinkerrequired,thusreducingcarbonemissions.Italsoimprovestheworkabilityanddurabilityofcement.

Moreover,desulfurizedgypsuminagriculturecanalsohaveimportantbenefitsfortheclimate.Bypromotingplantgrowthandimprovingsoilquality,theutilizationofdesulfurizedgypsumcanincreasecarbonsequestration,whichistheprocessofstoringcarboninvegetationandsoil.Improvedsoilqualityandincreasedplantgrowthleadtomorecarbonbeingstoredinthesoil,whichhelpstoreducetheamountofcarbonthatisreleased