高考英语阅读理解一轮练(8)(含解析)

2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（8）李仕才AArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmoremoneyonitspetsthanonitschildren.Althoughrathershocking,itshouldnotsurpriseanyonewhohasseenthedoggyparlours(客堂)wherelovedpetsrest.AreAmericansuniqueintreatingtheirlittlefriendsinthisway?No,theEnglish,too,paymoreattentiontotheirpets.Thiscanclearlybeseenwhenwelookatpetfoods，whichoftencontainmorevitaminshundredmillionpoundsonpetfoodalone,tosaynothingofveterinarybillsoranimalfurniture.Itisdifficultnottofeelangryaboutthiswhenconsideringwhatthesameamountcoulddoforvictimsofstarvationandpoverty,soit’snotunusualformetogethotundercollarwhenIreadanoldmanleftallhismoneytohisdoginsteadofhischildren.ThereareavarietyofreasonswhyIfindpets-raisingalarming.Theycausephysicalproblems.AnexampleofthisisNewYorkwheretheyhavegreatdifficultygettingridofthemessthatdogsleaveonthestreets.Manypeoplefindthisfunny,butinanumberoflargecitiesitisamajorproblem.Animalscancausedisease,too.Itisthethreatofbabies—adiseasewithnoknowncure.Anotherproblemisthecarelessnessofpetowners.Mostlittlechildrenwantadogoracat，andtheycontinuallypushtheirmothersandfathersuntiltheygetone.Itisonlywhenthe＂sweetlittlething＂hasbeenbroughthomethattheparentsrealizehowmuchtimeandmoneymustbespenton＂Rover＂or＂Bonzo＂.Thentheyjustabandonit.Asaresult,theyareallowedtorunfree.Englishfarmerslosehundredsofsheepayear,killedbysomeone’spetandyoumusthavereadofchildrenbeinghurtbysomepetsoftheirown.Lastly,Iwouldonlysuggestthatwehavegotourprioritieswrongandthatsomethingshouldbedoneaboutit.Inmyview,it’stimewestoppedbeingsentimentalaboutpets.Icanseenoreasonwhyweshouldgetupsetwhenanimalsarecutupformedicalexperiments.Thiswillleadustodiscoveringcuresforserioushumandiseases,thenIsay,＂keepcutting!＂Thedoggyparloursarementionedinthe1stparagraphtoshow________.whatcostlylivesthepetsarelivingwhereAmericanskeeptheirpetswhychildrenlovetheirpetssomuchhowmuchpetsdependontheirmasters2.Inthesecondparagraph＂togethotunderthecollar＂probablymeans________.A.gettingquitehotB.becomingexcitedC.feelingextremelyangryD.receivingafashionableshirt3.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichfieldcananimalsbemostuseful?A.Food.B.Sports.C.Entertainment.D.Medicine.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspets-raising?A.Sympathetic.B.Opposed.C.Pitiful.D.Supportive.【文章粗心】这是一篇谈论文。作者经过介绍饲养宠物存在的各种问题(比如饲养成本昂贵、宠物致人受伤、传染疾病等)，表达了自己反对饲养宠物，而是应该将宠物用于贡献人类医学实验的看法。A【分析】推理判断题。＂thedoggyparlours＂所在的句子就是为了进一步阐释第一句＂ArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmoremoneyonitspetsthanonitschildren.＂，即此刻人们在饲养宠物上开销巨大的现状。故答案为A。223.D【分析】推理判断题。从本文的最后两句＂Icanseenoreasonwhyweshouldgetupset...Thiswillleadustodiscoveringcuresforserioushumandiseases...＂可知作者以为宠物在人类医学领域能够起着有利的作用。所以答案为D。B【分析】看法态度题。文章前面介绍了成本昂贵、传染疾病等饲养宠物的危害，后边又提到应把宠物用于贡献人类医学领域中去，故而能够看出作者关于饲养宠物的做法持反对态度。所以答案为B。B(2015·四川宜宾二诊)Washington：NASAhasannouncedevidencethatJupiter’slargestmoon，Ganymede，hasasaltwateroceanunderitsicysurface.TheoceanseemstohavemorewaterthanallthewateronEarth’ssurface，accordingtonewHubbleobservations.NewHubbleobservationsofGanymede’smagneticfieldstronglysuggestthatthemoon，whichisthelargestinourwholesolarsystem，ishometoasubsurfaceocean.Scientistsestimatethattheoceanis95kilometresthick，whichisabout10timesdeeperthanEarth’soceans.Butunlikeoursaltywaters，Ganymede’soceanisburiedunder150kilometresofice.Whilescientistshavespeculated(推断)sincethe1970saboutthepresenceofanoceanonGanymede—thelargestmooninoursolarsystem—untilnowtheonlyobservationalevidencecamefromabriefflybybytheGalileospacecraft，whichdidn’tobservethemoonlongenoughtoconfirmaliquidocean.Thisdiscoverymarksanimportantmilestone，highlightingwhatonlyHubblecanaccomplish.Inits25yearsinorbit，Hubblehasmademanyscientificdiscoveriesinourownsolarsystem.AdeepoceanundertheicysurfaceofGanymedeopensupfurtherexcitingpossibilitiesforlifebeyondEarth.Scientists_have_already_confirmed_the_existence_of_an_ocean_on_Europa，anothermoonorbitingJupiter，andNASAhasannouncedplanstosendanunmannedmissionthere3searchingforthelifethatmightcomewithliquidwater.HubbleisatelescopethatorbitsEarth，butbecauseofitsimpressivegravitationalanalysesitcanbeusedtostudytheinsideoffardistantplanets.Usingthesesameprinciples，scientistscouldtheoreticallydetectoceansondistantexoplanetsaswell.【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报导。NASA证明木星的最大卫星Ganymede上有大海，这一发现再次拓宽了科学家的视线，使探访太阳系内陆球之外的生命的努力更进一步。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutGanymedefromthepassage?A．Itisaplanetwiththelargestmooninourwholesolarsystem.B．Itsoceanaddstopeople’sexcitementaboutlifebeyondEarth.C．ItwillbeusedbyNASAasabasefortheHubbletelescope.D．ItsliquidoceanwasfirstprovedbytheGalileospacecraft.分析：选B。细节理解题。依据第五段最后一句“AdeepoceanundertheicysurfaceofGanymedeopensupfurtherexcitingpossibilitiesforlifebeyondEarth.”可知，木星卫星上大海的存在激发了人们探究地球之外的生命的热忱。应选B项。2．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetowardsHubble?A．Cautious.B．Doubtful.C．Negative.D．Favourable.分析：选D。推理判断题。依据第五段第一句“Thisdiscoverymarksanimportantmilestone，highlightingwhatonlyHubblecanaccomplish.”可知，此次里程碑式的发现只有哈勃望远镜能够达成，由此可推知，作者对哈勃望远镜持支持态度。应选D项。3．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph6mean?A．AnundergroundoceanhasbeenfoundinEuropa.B．ThepresenceofanundergroundoceaninEuropaisnotpossible.C．ItisnowcertainthatthereisanoceanonEuropa.D．NoevidencehasshowntheexistenceofanoceanonEuropa.44分析：选C。句意理解题。依据第六段中的“andNASAhasannouncedplanstosendanunmannedmissiontheresearchingforthelifethatmightcomewithliquidwater”可知，由于Europa上有水存在，NASA才宣告要在Europa上找寻地外生命；由此可推知，画线句意为：科学家们已经证明Europa上存在大海。应选C项。4．Whattypeofwritingdoesthispassagebelongto?A．Atermessay.B．Anewsreport.C．Anexperimentreport.D．Anexplorationreview.分析：选B。推理判断题。依据第一段“Washington：NASAhasannouncedevidence...”及文章内容可推知，本文为一篇新闻报导。应选B项。CLondon'snewestskyscraper(摩天大楼)iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430millionpoundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres，itisthetallestbuildinginEurope.TheShardhascompletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However，noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItalianarchitectRenzoPiano.WhenhebegandesigningtheShardforLondon，Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlikeaspire(尖顶)．Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.Thesidesverythin，sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetallmasts(桅杆)oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop，thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuildingisempty，buteventuallytherewillbeafive-starhotel.Therewillalsobetopqualityrestaurants，apartmentsandoffices.Beforebuildingworkbegan，alotofpeopledidn'twanttheShardthoughtheplansatallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork，butnotinLondon.Theysay5thatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.Thereisnodecoration，onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4,500yearsago.TheyalsothinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.Othercriticsdon'tlikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShardshowshowLondonisbecomingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.ButthepeoplewholiveneartheShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivisioninsocietybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.TheShardnowdominatestheLondonskyline.Itisnotcertain，however，thatordinaryLondoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.1．London'snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof________.A．itscostB．itssizeC．itsshapeD．itsheight2．WhenhedesignedtheShard，Pianowanteditto________.A．changeLondon'sskylineB．inheritLondon'straditionC．imitatetheEgyptianstyleD．attractpotentialvisitors3．ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard________.A．isonlypreferredbytherichB．isintendedforwealthypeopleC．isfarawayfromthepoorareaD．ispopularonlywithLondoners4．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheShard：CheersandClapsB．TheShard：WorkofaGreatArchitectC．TheShard：NewSymbolofLondon?D．TheShard：AChangefortheBetter?答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了英国伦敦的地标性建筑——约310米高的欧洲第一高楼——“碎片大厦”。有人说这栋摩天大楼使伦敦看起来更美丽，但更有责备建议向来陪伴着大楼的出生。1．C分析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Itlookslikeaverythin，sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：theShard.”可知，这栋楼的名字的66由来是其外形像一块很薄、很尖利的碎玻璃片，所以选C项“它的形状”，而非它的“开销、尺寸或高度”。2．B分析：细节理解题。第二段中的PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition.(Piano说“碎片大厦”的尖顶外形是伦敦伟大传统的一部分。)解说了设计师的想法，与B项“继承伦敦的传统”相符合。A项“改变伦敦的天际线”是结果而不是设计初衷，C项“模拟埃及风格”及D项“吸引潜伏的旅客”文中均未波及。3．B分析：细节理解题。由第五段中的“Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.”可知，谈到社会分化的责备家认为“碎片大厦”是“专为有钱人设计的(isintendedforwealthypeople)”。4．D分析：要旨粗心题。全文介绍了欧洲第一高楼——英国伦敦的“碎片大厦”。由第一段的最后一句“However，noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.”可知，关于这个改变，毁誉各半，故D项“碎片大厦：更好的改变？”作为标题最为适合。A项“碎片大厦：喝彩与掌声”只关注了支持者，不够全面。D(2016·辽宁铁岭六校联考)Atanoutdoorrestaurant，acockroach(蟑螂)flewinandlandedonawoman.Shestartedscreamingoutoffear；withapanicstrickenfaceandtremblingvoice，shestartedjumping，withbothherhandsdesperatelytryingtogetridofthecockroach.Herreactionwasspreading，aseveryoneinhergroupalsogotintoapanic.Thewomanfinallymanagedtoflickthecockroachawaybutitlandedonamaninthegroupwhocontinuedthedrama.Intherelayofthrowing，thecockroachnextfelluponawaitresswhohadrushedtotheirrescue.Thewaitressstoodfirm，calmedherselfandobservedthebehaviorofthecockroachonherblouse.Whenshewasconfidentenough，shegrabbeditandthrewitoutoftherestaurant.Sippingmycoffeeandwatchingtheamusement，Istartedwondering：Wasthecockroachresponsiblefortheirfunnybehavior？Ifso，thenwhywasthewaitressnotdisturbed？Shehandledthesituationtonearperfection，withoutpanic.Itwasnotthecockroach，buttheinabilityofthecustomerstohandlethe7disturbancecausedbythecockroachthatdisturbedthem.Irealizedthatit’snottheshoutingofmychildrenormybossormywifethatdisturbsme，butmyinabilitytohandlethedisturbancescausedbytheirshouting.It’snotthetrafficjamsontheroadthatdisturbme，butmyinabilitytohandlethedisturbancecausedbythetrafficjam.Morethantheproblem，it’smyreactiontotheproblemthatcreateschaosinmylife.reacted，whereasthewaitressresponded.Reactionsarealwaysinstinctive(本能的)whileresponsestendtobewellthoughtout.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一只蟑螂出此刻饭馆里惹起了花费者的惊慌，服务员沉着地捉住蟑螂，将其扔了出去。作者经过这个故事旨在告诉人们：碰到问题时要踊跃地应付。1．Whathappenedintheoutdoorrestaurant?A．Acockroachwasfoundinawoman’sfoodandthenamanfoundthesameproblem.B．Acockroachappearingintherestaurantcausedastateofpanicamongthecustomers.C．Acockroachrushedthewaitressintoapologizingtothecustomers.D．Awomanandamanweretryingtorescuethewaitressfromthecockroach.分析：选B。细节理解题。依据第一段中的“Atanoutdoorrestaurant，acockroach(蟑螂)flewinandlandedonawoman.Shestartedscreamingoutoffear...aseveryoneinhergroupalsogotintoapanic.”可知，出此刻饭馆里的蟑螂在一些花费者中惹起了惊慌。故答案选B。2．Accordingtothepassage，ifyouranintoatrafficjam，youmight________inyourcar.A．complainyourdelayB．feelupsetandannoyed88C．relaxyourselfbylisteningtomusicD．expectsomeonetocleartheroad分析：选C。推理判断题。依据最后一段最后一句“Reactionsarealwaysinstinctive(本能的)whileresponsestendtobewellthoughtout.”可知，反响老是本能而对策常常是经过深谋远虑的。所以碰到交通拥塞时，在车里听音乐是一种对策。故答案选C。3．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?A．Confusion.B．Success.C．Poverty.D．Harmony.分析：选A。词义猜想题。依据第五段第一句“It’snotthetrafficjamsontheroadthatdisturbme，butmyinabilitytohandlethedisturbancecausedbythetrafficjam.”可推知，chaos与“disturbance”意思邻近，意为“杂乱”。故答案选A。4．Whatdoesthepassagetellus?A．Speakless，domore!B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords!C．Mindyourmannerswhileinarestaurant!D．Don’treactjustfromyourfeelings；respondpositively!分析：选D。要旨粗心题。依据最后一段中的“Ishouldnotreactinlife.Ishouldalwaysrespond.”可知，作者写这篇文章是想劝告读者碰到困难时要踊跃沉着应付，而不是只做些本能的反响。故答案选D。EManyparentsdisplaytheirchildren’sartworksontherefrigerator,butKieronWilliamson’spaintingshavebeenondisplayinprofessionalgalleriessincehewas6yearsold.Kieron’sartwork,though,extendsfarbeyondchild-likestickfiguresorfingerpainting.Infact,thechildfromNorfolk,England,hasbeencalled“theboywhopaintslikeanoldmaster.”Accordingtohisparents,Kieronwasatypicaltoddlerwholikesfindingbugsandplayinginthemud.Butona2008familyvacationtothebeach,the5-year-oldwas9inspiredbytheboatsandsceneryandaskedhisparentsforasketchpad.Hisinitialdrawingscouldhavebeendonebyanyyoungchild,butafterthefamilyreturnedhome,Kieroncontinueddrawingandbegantodisplayagiftforart.Whenhestartedaskingabouttheprocessofputtingapaintingtogether,hisparentsrealisedheneededprofessionalinstruction.Soonafter,hebegantakinglessons,andhisprogressamazedeveryoneastheyoungboyproducedimpressivelandscapesandwatercolours.In2009,whenthe6-year-oldhadachancetoexhibithisworksinagallery,hesold19paintingsfor14,000pounds,becomingfamousovernight.Fromthenon,hewassurroundedbybuyersfromFrance,Japan,Greeceandothercountries.Theyoungartistheldanotherexhibitthreemonthsafterthefirsto