Al65Cu20Cr15准晶颗粒／Al基复合材料的摩擦学性能

Al65Cu20Cr15准晶颗粒／Al基复合材料的摩擦学性能Abstract

Inthisstudy,thetribologicalbehaviorofAl65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticlesreinforcedAl-basedcompositematerialsisinvestigated.Al65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticleswithdiametersof50μmweresuccessfullysynthesizedbysolid-statereactionmethodandreinforcedintotheAlmatrixthroughpowdermetallurgytechnique.Themicrostructureandphasecompositionofthesynthesizedparticlesandcompositematerialwerecharacterizedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),X-raydiffraction(XRD)andenergydispersivespectroscopy(EDS).Thetribologicalpropertiesofthecompositematerialwerestudiedusingaball-on-disctribometer.Theeffectsoftheloadandslidingspeedonthetribologicalpropertieswereinvestigated.TheresultsshowedthattheincorporationofAl65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticlescouldsignificantlyimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofthecompositematerial.

Introduction

Aluminum(Al)matrixcompositeshavebeenwidelyusedinvariousfieldsduetotheirexcellentmechanicalproperties,suchashighspecificstrength,excellentwearresistance,lowdensity,andgoodcorrosionresistance[1,2].However,thelowthermalstability,poorthermalconductivity,andlowductilityoftenlimittheirpracticalapplications[3].ItisthereforesignificanttodevelopnewtypesofAlcompositeswithhigherperformance.

Quasicrystallineparticleshaverecentlyattractedmuchattentionduetotheiruniquephysicalandmechanicalproperties,suchaslowsurfaceenergy,highhardness,goodthermalstability,andexcellentcorrosionresistance[4,5].Al-basedcompositesreinforcedwithquasicrystallineparticleshavebeenwidelystudiedinrecentyears[6,7].Amongthese,Al65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticleshavebeenfoundtobeparticularlypromising,duetotheirhighhardness,goodwearresistance,andexcellentslidingproperties[8,9].

Inthiswork,weinvestigatedthetribologicalbehaviorofAl65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticlesreinforcedAl-basedcompositematerial.Themicrostructure,phasecompositionandtribologicalpropertiesofthecompositematerialwerecarefullycharacterized,andtheeffectsofloadandslidingspeedonthefrictionandwearbehaviorwereanalyzed.

Experimental

SynthesisofAl65Cu20Cr15QuasicrystallineParticles

Al65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticlesweresynthesizedbysolid-statereactionmethod.TherawmaterialsofAl,CuandCrwithpuritiesof99.9%,99.9%and99.5%,respectively,werefirstweighedaccordingtothemolarratioof65:20:15.Themixturewasgroundinaplanetaryballmillwith100mLofabsoluteethanolfor6hatarotationspeedof200rpm,followedbydryingat60°Cfor24h.Thedriedpowderwasthenpressedintoacylindershapewithadiameterof20mmandaheightof10mmunderapressureof200MPa.Thecylinderwasthensinteredfor2hat800°Cinavacuumfurnaceunder5Pa.

FabricationofAl65Cu20Cr15/AlCompositeMaterial

ThefabricatedAl65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticlesweremixedwithpureAlpowderwithparticlesizeof300meshwithamassfractionof10%usingaballmillfor6h.Themixedpowderwasthenhot-pressedunderapressureof70MPaat550°Cfor2h,followedbycoldpressingintoaplateshapewithadiameterof50mmandathicknessof3mm.

Characterization

ThemicrostructureandphasecompositionofthefabricatedparticlesandcompositematerialwerecharacterizedbySEM,XRDandEDS.Thetribologicalpropertiesofthecompositematerialwerestudiedusingaball-on-disctribometer.ASi3N4ballwithadiameterof5mmwasusedastheslidingcounterface,andtheloadandslidingspeedwerevariedfrom2to10Nand0.2to1m/s,respectively.Thefrictioncoefficientandwearratewererecordedduringthetest.

ResultsandDiscussion

MicrostructureandPhaseComposition

Fig.1showstheSEMimagesofthesynthesizedAl65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticles.Itcanbeseenthattheparticlesaresphericalinshapewithadiameterofabout50μm,andexhibitahomogeneousinternalstructurewithabrightcontrast.

TheXRDpatternsofthesynthesizedparticlesandcompositematerialareshowninFig.2.Itcanbeseenthatthesynthesizedparticlesexhibitatypicalquasicrystallinediffractionpatternwithicosahedralsymmetry,whichisingoodagreementwiththereportedresults[10].ThecompositematerialshowsatypicalXRDpatternoftheAlmatrix,whichindicatestheincorporationofthequasicrystallineparticlesdidnotsignificantlyalterthephasecompositionofthecompositematerial.

TheEDSspectraofthesynthesizedparticlesandcompositematerialareshowninFig.3.ItcanbeseenthatthesynthesizedparticlescontainmainlyAl,CuandCrelements,correspondingtothedesignedcomposition.Thecompositematerialexhibitsasimilarcompositionwiththeadditionofsmallamountofironandcarbon,whichispossiblyoriginatedfromtheballmillingprocess.

TribologicalProperties

ThefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofthecompositematerialasafunctionofloadandslidingspeedareshowninFig.4andFig.5,respectively.Itcanbeseenthatthefrictioncoefficientandwearratedecreasesignificantlywiththeincreaseofload,indicatingtheenhancedload-bearingcapacityofthecompositematerial.Thisisattributedtothestrengtheningeffectofthequasicrystallineparticles,whichcanimprovethehardnessandwearresistanceofthecompositematerial.

Inaddition,thefrictioncoefficientandwearratereachaminimumvalueataslidingspeedof0.8m/s,indicatingtheoptimalslidingspeedforthecompositematerial.Thedecreasedfrictioncoefficientandwearrateisduetotheincreaseddynamicbalancebetweenthequasicrystallineparticlesandcounterface,whicheffectivelyreducesthefrictionandwearduringsliding.

Conclusions

Insummary,Al65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticlesreinforcedAl-basedcompositematerialwassuccessfullyfabricatedbypowdermetallurgytechnique.Theincorporationofquasicrystallineparticlessignificantlyimprovesthetribologicalpropertiesofthecompositematerial,asevidencedbythereducedfrictioncoefficientandwearrate.Theenhancedload-bearingcapacityandoptimalslidingspeedarealsodemonstrated.ThesynthesizedAl65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticlesandcompositematerialhavegreatpotentialforpracticalapplicationsintribologicalengineering.

Acknowledgments

ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo.51805150),NaturalScienceBasicResearchPlaninShaanxiProvinceofChina(ProgramNo.2021JQ-642)andtheFundamentalResearchFundsforCentralUniversities(GrantNo.310201913jc025).

References

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[10]Y.-Y.Chang,R.-J.Jeng,J.-H.Lin,J.-M.Wu,G.Varvaro,SynthesesofAl-Cu-Crquasicrystalpowdersbymechanicalalloying,J.Mater.Res.Technol.8(2019)2986-2992.Moreover,theSEMimagesrevealedthegooddistributionofthequasicrystallineparticlesintheAlmatrix,indicatingthesuccessfulincorporationoftheparticles.TheXRDanalysisconfirmedtheformationofquasicrystalsinthesynthesizedparticles,whilethecompositematerialshowedatypicalXRDpatternofAl,indicatingtheabsenceofanynewsignificantphaseformation.TheEDSanalysisconfirmedthepresenceofthedesignedAl65Cu20Cr15compositioninthesynthesizedparticlesandcompositematerial,withtheadditionofsmallamountsofimpurityelements.

Thetribologicalpropertiesofthecompositematerialwerefoundtobesignificantlyimprovedbytheadditionofquasicrystallineparticles.Specifically,thefrictioncoefficientandwearratewerefoundtodecreasewithincreasingload,indicatingtheenhancedload-bearingcapacityofthecompositematerial.Theoptimalslidingspeedwasfoundtobe0.8m/s,wherethefrictioncoefficientandwearratereachedtheminimumvalues.Thisbehaviorisattributedtotheincreaseddynamicbalancebetweenthequasicrystallineparticlesandthecounterfaceatthisspeed,effectivelyreducingthefrictionandwearduringsliding.

Insummary,thestudydemonstratedthepotentialofAl65Cu20Cr15quasicrystallineparticlesasaneffectivereinforcementmaterialinAl-basedcompositematerials,withsignificantimprovementsintribologicalperformance.Thefindingsofthisstudyprovideapromisingrouteforthedevelopmentofhigh-performancetribologicalmaterialsforvariousengineeringapplications.Theuseofquasicrystallineparticlesasreinforcementmaterialsincompositematerialshasbeenthesubjectofintensiveresearchduetotheiruniqueproperties.Quasicrystalspossessauniqueatomicarrangementthatprovidesthemwithexceptionalmechanical,thermal,andelectricalproperties.Furthermore,theyhavealowsurfaceenergythatenablesthemtoresistscratchandwear.Therefore,quasicrystalshavethepotentialtoenhancethemechanicalandtribologicalpropertiesofcompositematerials,whichhavevariousindustrialapplications.

Theresultsofthisstudysuggestthattheincorporationofquasicrystallineparticlesintoaluminum-basedcompositescanimprovetheload-bearingcapacityandslidingwearresistanceofthematerial.However,furtherstudiesarerequiredtoestablishthetribologicalbehaviorofthesecompositesunderdifferentenvironmentalconditions,suchashightemperaturesandcorrosiveenvironments.Additionally,thecostofquasicrystallinematerialsiscurrentlystillhigh,whichmaylimittheirapplicationinindustrialsettings.

Toovercomethesechallenges,researcherswillneedtodevelopcost-effectivemethodsforthesynthesisofquasicrystalswhilemaintainingtheiruniqueproperties.Newmanufacturingprocesses,suchasadditivemanufacturing,mayalsoprovideapromisingroutefordesigningandproducingquasicrystallinereinforcedcompositematerialswithhigh-performancecharacteristics.

Inconclusion,theapplicationofquasicrystallinematerialsincompositematerialsholdsimmensepotentialforengineeringapplications.Furtherresearchisneededtoexplorethefullpotentialofthesematerialsandtoaddressthechallengesinthesynthesisandmanufacturingofquasicrystallinereinforcedcomposites.Thedevelopmentofquasicrystallinecompositescanadvancethefieldoftribologyandprovideinnovativesolutionsforvariousindustrialapplications.Onepotentialapplicationforquasicrystal-reinforcedcompositesisintheaerospaceindustry.Theuniquemechanicalpropertiesofquasicrystalscouldenabletheproductionoflightweight,high-strengthmaterialsthataresuitableforuseinaircraftcomponents.Additionally,thewear-resistantpropertiesofquasicrystalscouldhelpextendthelifespanofcriticalaircraftcomponents,suchaslandinggearandenginecomponents.

Anotherpotentialapplicationforquasicrystal-reinforcedcompositesisintheproductionofhigh-performancesportsequipment.Theexceptionalmechanicalpropertiesofquasicrystalscouldimprovethestrengthanddurabilityofsportingequipmentsuchastennisrackets,golfclubsandhockeysticks,whilethelowsurfaceenergycouldhelpreducethewearandtearontheequipment.

Quasicrystal-reinforcedcompositescouldalsofindapplicationsinthebiomedicalfield.Thelowsurfaceenergyandexcellentwear-resistantpropertiescouldpotentiallymakethesematerialssuitableforuseinmedicalimplantdevices,suchasjointreplacementsordentalimplants.

Overall,thedevelopmentofquasicrystal-reinforcedcompositematerialscouldprovidesignificantbenefitsacrossarangeofindustrialapplications.Bycombiningtheuniquepropertiesofquasicrystalswiththoseofothermaterials,researcherscanpotentiallycreatehigh-performancecompositematerialswithexceptionalmechanical,thermal,andelectricalproperties.Inadditiontotheaforementionedapplications,quasicrystal-reinforcedcompositescouldalsobeusedinthedevelopmentofhigh-performanceelectronics.Quasicrystalshaveshownpromiseinthefieldofelectronicsduetotheiruniqueelectricalproperties,suchashighelectricalcond