北京市2023-2023学年高三期中考试英语试卷

北京市2023-2023学年高三期中考试英语试卷

阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Theword“diary”comesfromtheLatinword“diarium”,1.means“dailyallowance”.Itreferstoabookforwritingsbydate.Andit2.(use)forbusinessnotes,planningactivities,keepingtrackofscheduledappointments,ordocumenting3.hasalreadyhappened.Somedoctorssuggestthat4.(write)inadiaryisagoodformofself-study.

阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

WecelebrateTeachers’DayeverySeptember10th.1.thatday,wewillsendbestwishesandexpressourthankstoourdearteachersfortheirhardwork.Somestudentswritethank-you2.(card)toourteachers;otherswouldliketosend3.(they)beautifulflowers.Sometimesweprepareperformancesorgivethemhand-madegifts.Inourschool,wealsohaveatraditionofservingteatoeachteacherinthemorning.

阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的`单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

LastThursday,wehadaclassmeeting1.(discuss)wheretogoforourspringouting.We2.(come)upwithseveralchoicessuchasgoingboating,climbingamountain,andgoingtoanamusementpark.3.(final),wedecidedtogomountainclimbing.

二、完形填空

Let’sGoandFlyaKite

—atPiedmontMiddleSchool’scelebrationofkites!

Comeandlearnhowtobuildallsortsofkites,fromthesimplestdiamond-shapedkitestothemostcomplexboxkites.Stayaslongasyoulikeandbuildasmanykitesasyouwant.Onceyouhavefinishedakite,getadviceonflyingtechniquesfromkiteexpertLorenaHallsberg.ThecelebrationwillbeatPiedmontMiddleSchool,151PiedmontSchoolDrive.

ThePiedmontMiddleSchoolParentTeacherOrganization(PTO)hasorganizedarefreshment(茶点)tent.AllprofitswillbenefitfuturePTOactivities.Takeabreakfromkiteflyinganddrinksomelemonade!Whileyouaredoingso,whynotjointhePTO?Membershipisfree;youjustdonateyourtime.ShowyoursupportforPiedmontMiddleSchoolbyjoiningthePTOthisSaturday!

When:Saturday,April11,from9:00a.m.to5:00p.m.

Where:PiedmontMiddleSchool

Why:Forfun!

Cost:Free,thankstoagenerousgiftfromBizarcoKiteCompany!

Schedule

9:00a.m.—Kite-buildingboothsopen.Allmaterialsaresuppliedforkites.

10:00a.m.—Kite-buildingshowsbyLorenaHallsberginthecourtyard.Comebyandlearnhowtobuildboxkitesandkitesthatlookandflylikebutterflies.

11:00a.m.—Kite-flyingshowsontheschooltrack.Learnallthemostimportantskills.

12:00p.m.—Kite-flyingcompetitionsontheschooltrack.

1:00p.m.—PresentationbyDr.BrianLehrmanintheshowtent:“TheHistoryofKites”.

2:00p.m.—BestKitecompetitionsandjudgingintheshowtent.Comeandseethemostartistickitesandthemostinterestingthemekites.

3:00p.m.—PresentationbyDr.Lehrmanintheshowtent:“KitesandScience”.

3:30p.m.—AwardsceremonyconductedbyHeadmasterSewardonthefootballfield.Theresultsoftheday’sjudgingwillbeannounced,withawardssuchasBestofShow,MostArtistic,HighestFlyer,andothers.WinnerswillreceivegiftsfromtheBizarcoKiteCompany!

4:00—5:00p.m.—Let’sallgoandflyakite!Everyoneflieskitesatthesametime,creatingawonderfulsightforalltoenjoy.

Cometothekitecelebration.Enjoyyourselfandlearnmore.

1.Whichtimesaremostimportantforpeoplewhowanttojoininkitecompetitions?

A.10:00amand11:00a.m..B.12:00p.m.and2:00p.m..

C.1:00pmand3:00p.m..D.2:00p.m.and4:00p.m..

2.Fromthepassage,weknowthatthekitecelebration.

A.isenjoyableandeducational

B.isstrictabouttheshapesofkites

C.getsmoneyfromPTOofPiedmontMiddleSchool

D.givespeopleachancetoseekitesfromaroundtheworld

3.Thepassageisintendedfor.

A.schoolstaffB.kiteexperts

C.studentsandparentsD.kitecompanies

三、阅读理解

Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation(污辱).Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloudbeforetheteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbesurethey“know”allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon’tknowaword,theyaregoingtomakeamistake,rightinfrontofeveryone.Afterhavingtaughtfifth-gradeclassesforfouryears,Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously.

Onedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted,Isaidtothem,“NowI’mgoingtosaysomethingaboutreadingthatyouhaveprobablyneverheardateachersaybefore.Iwouldlikeyoutoreadalotofbooksthisyear,butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure.Iamnotgoingtoaskyouquestionstofindoutwhetheryouunderstandthebooksornot.Ifyouunderstandenoughofabooktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit,that’senoughforme.AlsoI’mnotgoingtoaskyouwhatwordsmean.”

Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.Wasthisteachertalkingseriously?Onegirl,whohadjustcometousfromaschoolwhereshehadhadaveryhardtime,lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeafterIhadfinished.Then,stilllookingatme,shesaidslowlyandseriously,MrHolt,doyoureallymeanthat“Isaidjustasseriously?”Imeaneverywordofit.

Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday,shewasreadingatherdesk.Fromaglimpseoftheillustrations(插图)IthoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself,“Itcan’tbe,”andwenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough,shewasreadingMobyDick.Isaid,“Don’tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing”Sheanswered,“Oh,sure,butIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart.”

Thisisexactlywhatreading,Ithink,shouldbe:findsomething,diveintoit,takethegoodparts,skipthebadparts,getwhatyoucanoutofit,andthengoontosomethingelse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,children’sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrom___________.

A.readinglittleandthinkinglittle

B.readingoftenandadventurously

C.beingmadetoreadtoomuch

D.beingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers

2.Theteachertoldhisstudentstoread___________.

A.forhigherscoresinexamsB.forknowledge

C.forenjoymentD.foralargervocabulary

3.Uponhearingtheteacher’stalk,thechildrenprobablyfeltthat___________.

A.itsoundedstupid

B.itwasnotsurprisingatall

C.itsoundedtoogoodtobetrue

D.itwasnodifferentfromotherteachers’talk

4.WhichstatementaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Sheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhilereading.

B.Shehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingtasks.

C.Shelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultbooks.

D.Sheturnedouttobeatopstudentaftercomingtothisschool.

RunningonEmpty

Foralmostacentury,scientistshaveassumed,tiredness—orexhaustion—inathletesoriginates(起源于)inthemuscles.Preciseexplanationshavevaried,butallhavebeenbasedonthe“LimitationsTheory”.Inotherwords,musclestirebecausetheyhitaphysicallimit:theyeitherrunoutoffueloroxygenortheydrowninharmfulby-products(副产品).

Inthepastfewyears,however,TimothyNoakesfromtheUniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica,hasexaminedthisstandardtheory.Tiredness,heargues,iscausednotbysignalsspringingfromovertaxedmuscles,butisanemotionalresponsewhichbeginsinthebrain.Thefundamentalnatureofhisnewtheoryisthatthebrainpacesthemusclestokeepthemwellbackfromtheedgeofexhaustion.Whenthebraindecidesit’stimetoquit,itcreatesunbearablemuscletiredness.This“CentralGovernor”theoryremainscontroversial,butitdoesexplainmanypuzzlingaspectsofathleticperformance.

ArecentdiscoverythatNoakescallsthe“lacticacidparadox”madehimstartresearchingthisareaseriously.Lacticacidisaby-productofexercise,andtheincreaseofitisoftenmentionedasacauseoftiredness.Butwhenresearchsubjectsexerciseincertainconditionscreatedartificially,theybecometiredeventhoughlacticacidlevelsremainlow.Norhastheoxygencontentoftheirbloodfallentoolowforthemtokeepgoing.Obviously,somethingelsewasmakingthemtirebeforetheyhiteitherofthesephysiologicallimits.

Noakesconductedanexperimentwithsevencyclists.Ithaslongbeenknownthatduringexercise,thebodyneveruses100%oftheavailablemusclefibres(纤维).Theamountusedvaries,butinsometaskssuchasthiscyclingtestthebodycallsonabout30%.Histeamfoundthatastirednesssetin,theelectricalactivityincyclist’slegsdeclined—evenwhentheyweremakingagreatefforttocycleasfastastheycould.

ToNoakes,thiswasstrongevidencethattheoldtheorywaswrong.“Thecyclistsmayhavefeltcompletelyexhausted,”hesays,“buttheirbodiesactuallyhadconsiderablereservesthattheycouldtheoreticallytapbyusingagreateramountoftherestingfibres.”This,hebelieves,istheproofthatthebrainisregulatingthepaceoftheworkouttoholdthecyclistswellbackfromthepointofextremetiredness.

1.Whichofthefollowingissupportedby“theLimitationsTheory”?

A.Tirednessiscausedbysignalsfrombrain.

B.Athletesfeeltiredwhentheyuseupalltheirenergy.

C.Thebodyuses100%ofthemusclefibresinexercise.

D.Athletesbecometiredthoughlacticacidlevelsremainlow.

2.Noakeshasfoundoutthat___________.

A.musclefibrescontrolathletes’movements

B.Lacticacidlevelsremainhighincyclingtest

C.mentalprocessescontrolthesymptomsoftiredness

D.differentexercisesusedifferentamountofmusclefibres

3.Itislikelythatboththeoriesacceptthat___________.

A.lacticacidisproducedinmusclesduringexercise

B.theoxygencontentinbloodmayriseaftersports

C.tirednessisaharmfulby-productofexercise

D.theenergyinhumanbodiescanbebalanced

4.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thedescriptionofanewtest.

B.Theexplanationofthetheory.

C.Thepuzzlingevidenceofastudy.

D.Thewholeprocessoftheresearch.

Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple’sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.Theyaredesignedtowinusovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Timemagazinehailed(赞扬)therobotsthat“couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines.”Butisreshapinghowweinteractwithmachinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?

Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon’tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationshipswithmanykindsofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,roboticistssometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate(给予…生命)dollsandturnthemintoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.

Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.Today’srobotstellchildrenthattheyhaveemotions,friendships,evendreamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoaloftherobotsisemotionaltrickery.Forinstance,Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,thecompanybehindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate“adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,youfeelthepainofthat.”Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn’tevenknowitisneglectingyou?

Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchildren.Empathyallowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofothers,toknowwhattheyarefeeling.Robots,however,havenoemotionstoshare,andtheycannotputthemselvesinourplace.Nomatterwhatroboticcreatures“say”orsqueak,theydon’tunderstandouremotionallives.Theypresentthemselvesasempathymachines,buttheyaremissingtheessentialequipment.Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon’tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.

Whatisalsotroublingisthatchildrentakerobots’behaviortoindicatefeelings.Whentherobotsinteractwiththem,childrentakethisasevidencethattherobotslikethem,andwhenrobotsdon’tworkwhenneeded,childrenalsotakeitpersonally.Theirrelationshipswiththerobotsaffecttheirself-esteem(自尊).Inonestudy,an8-year-oldboyconcludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.

Forsolong,wedreamedofartificialintelligenceofferingusnotonlysimplehelpbutconversationandcare.Nowthatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealwiththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat“feel.”

1.HowarethenewsocialrobotsdifferentfromSiri?

A.Theyareintendedtoteachchildrenhowtotalk.

B.Theyaredesignedtoattractpeoplewiththeirsmarts.

C.Theirmainfunctionistoevaluatechildren’spersonality.

D.Theyhaveanewwaytocommunicatewithhumanbeings.

2.InParagraph3Cozmoisusedasanexampletoshowthatthesocialrobots______.

A.aredeeplyconnectedwithhumanbeings

B.areunabletobuildarealrelationshipwithchildren

C.aresoadvancedthattheycanfeelthepainofhumanbeings

D.arenotgoodenoughtocarryouttheinstructionsofchildren

3.Theunderlinedphrase“essentialequipment”inParagraph4refersto______.

A.emotionB.pain

C.fearD.thinking

4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)?C:Conclusion

A.B.

C.D.

AreYouaPrisonerofPerfection?

Doyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach?1.Areyousettingyourselfupforfailureandshamewhenyoucan’tachievetheunachievable?Understandingwhatdrivesperfectionismisthefirststeptowardreleasingthisself-createdanchorthatkeepsusstuck.

Shameandfearareoftenthehiddendriversofperfectionism.Webelievethatifwecanfashionaperfectlypolishedpersonality,flashourintelligence,andperfectourhumour,thennoonecanhurtuswithcriticismandwe’llwinrespectandapproval.

2.Politicianswhodisplayadesperateneedtoberightandrefusetoacknowledgemistakesoruncertaintyareoftendrivenbyasecretshame.Theyfearthatshowingvulnerability(弱点)willexposethemtotheaccusationthatthey’reweak.Theysticktoadesiretoberight,perfect,andpolished,evenwhenit’sobviousthattheemperorhasnoclothes.

Perfectionismkeepsusleaningtowardthefuture.We’reconstantlyevaluatingourselvesinordertodobetter.3.However,ifwecan’trelaxandenjoylightermoments,thenwebecomeprisonersofourperfectionism.Wegetpainfullyself-consciousandtakeourselvestooseriously.Sadly,wedeprive(剥夺)ourselvesofthesimplepleasureofenjoyingthemomentandbeingourselves.

4.Werealizethatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn’tmeanthatweareafailure.Withoutfailures,we’llneverlearnfromourmistakes;we’llnevermoveforwardinourlives.Thosewhosucceedhavemadecountlessmistakes.Theimportantthingistolearnfromourerror,forgiveourselvesandmoveon.

Beinghuman,perfectionisimpossible.5.?Releasingourselvesfromthedesiretoprotectourimage,we’refreedtosailgracefullythroughoursuccessesand