高中名词性从句导学案

高中名词性从句导教学设计高中名词性从句导教学设计高中名词性从句导教学设计名词性从句思想导图易考易错点总结名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。察看的要点主若是连结代词和副词的正确使用、主语和谓语的语序、双重连结词以及特别句型的使用等。详细包括：1．察看名词性从句的连结词。如：有词义的连结代词包括who,whose,whom,what,which；连结副词有when,where,why,how；隶属连词有that,whether,if,asif；that无词义，在从句中不作成分，有时可省略。2．察看名词性从句的语序和时态。3．察看it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。如：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary,important,obvious等)＋that从句；(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；(3)It＋be＋名词(asurprise,afact,ashame,anhonour等)＋that从句；(4)It＋不及物动词(appear,happen等)＋that从句。4．察看名词性从句中的虚假语气。如：(1)Itis/was＋essential/important/natural＋that；(2)Itis/wassuggested/demanded/wished/desired＋that等。5．察看what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如：what＝thethingthat/anythingthat；what＝theplacethat；what＝thetimethat；what＝thepersonthat等。6．察看whoever，whatever，whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。七大常考考点:1.that\what\which;2.it形式主语、宾语的用法;3.语序问题;4.同位语从句和定从的差异;5.what\whatever6.if\whether;7.虚假语气问题;五、有关习题集中练习一.有关见解1名词：表示人或事物的名称的词名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作___,_____,表语和______。名词性从句：在英语的句子构造中，本来该由名词充任的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个____来充任,这个句子就叫:名词性从句。二、名词性从句的种类1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.______从句2.Mrs.Blackwon’tbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.从句Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.______从句Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend._______从句三、常有引导词：同位语是对前面的名1）连结词：that,whether,if（不充任从句的任何成分）。隶属连词that只词引或导代，词做进一步的自己没心义，仅起__作用。（引导宾语从句时可省，可是若是是并列的多个宾解说，平常由名词、数语从句，只能省第___个）Thathelikesyouisveryobvious.很显然他喜欢你。2）连结代词who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：That’whysshewantedtoleave.这就是她想走开的原因。Whenwearrivedoesn'tmatter.什么时候到没有关系。Tellmewhichoneyoulikebest.告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。3）连结副词where,when,how,why等，存心义，在句中作状语Thequestionishowweshouldcarryouttheplan.问题是怎样履行这个计划。Whenshe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather她.什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。Whyhediditwillremainapuzzleforever.他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜4）隶属连词if,whether（可否）(if只能引导动词、形容词此后的宾语从句)______hesaidhasnothingtodowithyou.______we’llstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.______hedidsuchathingsatisfiedme.4.______wecanprotectculturalrelicsneedstobediscussed.四．四大从句解说主语从句作句子____语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句平常由隶属连词___，whether，if和连结代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连结副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起___作用；连结代词和连结副词在句中既保存自己的疑问含义、又起连结作用，在从句中充任从句的成分。如：____hewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Itisknowntous____hebecameawriter.我们都知道他是怎样成为一名作家的。_____theEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为防范句子有头无尾，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用__数形式。常用句型如21）It+be+名词+that从句（apity,ashame,afact,awonder,anhonor,nowonder,asurprise）如：你考试失败了真是遗憾_____________________________2）It+be+形容词+that从句（clear，important，necessary，probable，possible）Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(said,reported,thought,hoped,believed,known)coralreefs-珊瑚礁如:据报道，珊瑚礁正遇到损坏。________________________________________（4）It+不及物动词+that从句（seem,happen,appear）如：刚巧那天我出去了。______________________________________________另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊异、不相信、惋惜、理应这样等语气时，谓语动词要用虚假语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that练习题：____hewillcomeiscertain._____sheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.____surprisedmemostwastoseesomeofthevillagepeopleseatedonthebenchesattheendoftheroom._____teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.____shehasgoneisnotknownyet.____isknowntoall,TaiwanisonlypartofChina.Itisknowntoall____TaiwanisonlypartofChina.ItwasonSunday___Imethim.1.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster2.Hissuggestionwasthatwe______anothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.AholdBwouldholdCheldDholding单句改错1.Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunareknowntoall.2.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.3.Ididn’tknowthatyouwillcome.4.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.5.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?翻译下面句子很显然你进步巨大。_______________________________________很遗憾你错过了音乐会。___________________________________你打电话时我刚巧不在家.______________________________________宾语从句名词句用作____的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关系词与引导主语从句表语从句的关系词大概同样，在句中能够作谓语动词或介词的宾语。3由连结词that引导的宾语从句由连结词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担当任何___，在口语或非正式的文体中常被___，但如从句是并列句时,第___个分句前的that不能省。比方：HehastoldmehewillgotoShanghaitomorrowandthathewillbebackintwodays.察看并思虑：宾语从句中的连结词that在什么情况下不能够省略？Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.总结：_______________________________________________________________注意：表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词出现时，不论是在哪一种从句中，常用虚假语气，从句中的谓语动词形式为（should）+动词原形，其中should可省略。比方：（一坚持insist）（二命令command,order）（四建议advise,recommend,suggest,propose）（四要求demand,desire,request,require）以及他们的同根名词。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce司.令员命令队伍马上出1)Mysuggestionisthatwe_______(go)tothecinematogether.2)Hisadvicethatwe__________(come)hereonthedotisveryreasonable.3)Theordercame_____thesoldiers______(destroy）thesmallvillagethenextmorning.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关系词引导的宾语从句相当于特别疑问句，应注意句子语序要用____语序。比方：Iwanttoknow___hehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksof___shecanworkwell.她老是在想怎样能把工作做好。Shewillgive____needshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人她都赏赐热情支持用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的次序也不能够颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。差异if与whether1)Whetherwewillgopicnickingdependsonwhetheritwillberainy.2)Ihavenoideawhetherhewillcometotheparty.3)Thequestioniswhetherhewillcometotheparty.4)Idon’tcarewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.5)Hecan’tdecide___whether__tostayhereanotherday.6)Hecan’tdecidewhether/ifhe’llstayhereanotherday.你能概括出须使用whether的情况吗？_____,_____,_____从句用whether②___词宾语用whether③whether与____连用④____前用whether【高考链接】：Wehaven’tsettledthequestionof_________itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.A.ifB.whetherC.whereD.that比方：____thereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Everythingdependson____wehaveenoughmoney.所有要看我们可否有足够的钱。注意宾语从句中的时态响应。4若是主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在达成时），从句的时态可依照实质情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在达成时等）比方：Iknow(that)he______Englisheveryday.我知道他每日学英语Iknow(that)he____Englishlastterm.Iknow(that)he_______Englishnextyear.Iknow(that)he________Englishsince1998.（当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的___时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用___时态。比方：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词惹起的否认性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变成否认式。马上从句中的否认形式移到主句中。比方：Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。wish后的宾语从句中的时态在本来的时态上退一步，即wishthat过去时(跟现在相反)would+v.(跟将来相反)haddone(跟过去相反)wouldratherthatsbdidsth\sbhaddoneE.g.:IwishthatI____thatfilmstaryesterday.AsawB.hadseenCwouldseeDhasseen7.在appreciate,like,dislike,love,hate等后接由if或when引导的宾语从句中；在seeto注意,务必,保证,dependon,relyon,counton等后that引导的从句中，从句前常加it作形式宾语。Ihate___whentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.3).Youmaydependon____thatyouparentswillhelpyouwheneveryouneedit.译：走的时候务必做到锁好门。______________________________________译：你可相信，他会帮你的。__________________________________________8.练习题用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow_________I’llbefreetomorrow.Itseemedasifhewasindifferent(淡然)__hecouldgetintoalifeboat.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.时态：1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_________(play)basketballatsix’oclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)58.LingFengtoldmehe_________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)翻译：用宾语从句翻译以下句子老师曾告诉我们有志者事竟成。__________________________________________________________________他们都在担忧可否能准时抵达那里._____________________________________________________________________3.我感觉他们准时达成自己的任务是很重要的。_____________________________________________________________________我不知道汤姆今天清晨为什么没来。表语从句在句中作____的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关系词与引导主语从句的关联词大概同样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本构造为：主语+系动词+that从句。Thefactis___wehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thatis___hedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。Itlooks___itisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。比方：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning表语从句注意事项：1）.在表语从句中，表“可否”时，只能用“whether”不能够用“If”。2）.一般情况下，“that”不能够省。3）.Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.4）.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.5）Thereasonisbecause/why4.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的详细内容。同位语从句平常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。Thenews___wewonthegameisexciting.我们赢得这场比赛的信息令人激动。Ihavenoidea___hewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。Thethoughtcametohim___Maryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能玛丽患病了。同位语从句和定语从句的差异：同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,news,promise,truth,belief,thought,idea,answer,information,knowledge,doubt,hope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后,用以___或____前面的名词的内容，引导词一般为that，没存心义，不作任何成分，只起____作用，但不能够___。定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用，引导词不仅that，引导词在句中作必然成分，存心义，且that/which在定语从句中若是做宾语，能够省略。6E.g.:Thenewsthatshepassedtheexamexcitedherparents.从句解谈谈明；that在从句中不充任成分,没存心义，是连结代词，可是不能够省。Thenewsthatweknowfromherexcitedallofus.____从句修饰限制；that代替先行词news，是关系代词，在从句中存心义，做成分，作宾语，能够省。Thesuggestionthatheshouldnotgothereisofgreatvalue.____语从句Thesuggestionthathemadeisofgreatvalue.______从句3.Thefactthathewonthefirstplacecan’tbedenied.从句Thefactthathetoldmeexcitedme.____从句注:1.同位语从句多用that引导在havenoidea此后常用wh-引导同位语从句.Ihavenoidea___hehasgone.Ihavenoidea_____hedidit.Ihavenoidea____hedid.差异what与that察看并总结:what与that在从句中的句法功能有何不同样？Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.Thatanewteacherwillcometoourschoolistrue.总结：that只起___作用，没心义，在从句中_____任何成分;what既有___作用，又要在从句中___成分（主语，宾语，表语）(的东西;物;话;时间;地址;人物;数量等不同样见解)1.Afterfivehours’drive,theyreachedwascalledthehometownofthegoddess.2.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatwasadangerousspeed.3.Thevillagewasquitedifferentfromitusedtobe._____theearthisroundisknowntousall.Fathermadeapromise_____ifIpassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeacomputer.1）____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether6.察看并总结what,which差异---DoyouknowwhatMr.Black’saddressis?---HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.Iwhich’m.notsureof总结：what(什么)/which(表选择,哪一个)Ireadaboutitinsomebooksorother,doesitmatter____itwas?2)____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.7.“whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however”的用法whatever/whoever/whichever能够引导____从句或_____从句，他们既在从句中做成分又在主句中作成分，相当于anythingthat,anybodywho等，此时不能够与nomatterwhat/who/which交换E.g.:Whoeverwalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.(试意会本句，不能以变成nomatterwho引导的退步状语从句)whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however可引导退步状7语从句，意为“不论什么/谁/哪个/何时/何地/怎样都”，相当于nomatterwhat/who/which/when/where/how.E.g.:WhereverIwent,thedogalwaysfollowedme.(本句可换成NomatterwhereIwent,thedogalwaysfollowedme.主从句依旧没有问题)1._________wassaidheremustbekeptasasecret.2._______weneedismoretime.3._________breaksthelawwillbepunished.4.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.wh-ever既可引导名词性从句又可引导退步状语从句，nomatterwh-只引导退步状语从句Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.8.关系型what引导名词性从句的五种用法1).表示“的东西或事情”：They’vedonewhattheycantohelpher.他们已经全力帮助了她。Hesaveswhat