高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题

合用文案高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题解析解读：推理判断考学生透文章表面文字信息推文章含意思，作者的度及文章的展做出正确推理判断的能力。考生需尽量考文中的全部信息和事，在理解通篇文章的基上去会作者的话中有话，并做出正确的推断，是文章深次的掌握，属于高次的理解。即依照资料中所供应的信息，推断出未知局部。文章中没有明确的答案。要求考生从作者的角度去考，不要固守自己的看法和点。技巧点拨：常提方式：Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______?Thewritersuggeststhat______?(3)Theauthorusestheexampleof⋯toshowthat______?(4)What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward_______?Fromthestorywecanguess_______?Whatwouldhappenif_______?Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?(8)What’sthetone气oftheauthor?Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_____?Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?标准文档合用文案解答步骤：1〕定位信息：经过寻读找到相关信息点。2〕字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3〕深层理解：结合语境和知识，在字面意义的基础进步行吻合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的话中有话。搅乱项的特点：1〕可是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当作间接推理。2〕看似从原文推断出来的结论，但是实质上与原文不符，如因果倒置，手段变目的等。3〕依照考生已有的知识来看是正确的，但是却不是基于文章4〕推理过头，引申过分。注意：有时作者并未把妄图说出来，我们可依照字面意思，经过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的表示，来商酌作者的态度，进行深层理解。典型例析：一．推断隐含意义：例：Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"the标准文档合用文案deathwatchbeetle."Q：ItcanbeinferredA.leasedpeopleC.frightenedpeople.

fromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.B.surprisedpeople.D.excitedpeople.练一练:Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders(蜘蛛).〞“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?〞theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,〞repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlord(房东)insiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.〞Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas_______.A．verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects(昆虫)技巧：这类题干中平常含有infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate(表示)等标志性词语。解题步骤：1,全面解析2,忠实原文3,不要选择表层信息二．推断作者看法或态度：例：ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople‘shomes.Notonlythat,theguests标准文档合用文案areaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYorkthemixislessinteresting.It’slikeagatheringatBloomingdale‘s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.Q：WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?A.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting练一练:Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath..Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Q:What’sauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreporting?A.ComplainB.ApologizeC.AdmiringD.Support技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的意在言外。站在作者的立场或角度思虑答案。表示态度的形容词：(1)positive积极的(9)reserved(2)negative消极的(10)indifferent充耳不闻的(3)optimistic乐观的(11)cautious谨慎的(4)pessimistic消极的(12)surprised惊讶的(5)objective客观的(13)sympathize同情的(6)subjective主观的(14)support支持的(7)admiring敬羡的(15)doubt思疑的(8)critical责怪的(16)approve赞同的标准文档合用文案〔17〕ironic挖苦的〔18〕neutral中立的三．推断写作目的：例：“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?〞askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,〞hesaid.Q：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem练一练:AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman’sbigfamily——hisparents,hisbrothers,theiryoungwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents’home,havingquarreled(吵嘴)withherhusband.Soontheelephantrefused(拒绝)toeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweeksthe标准文档合用文案animaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomen’shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.Q.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_______.A.showthatelephantsareveryclever主观臆想B.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife技巧：这类题的题干中常有purpose，也许后边接有目的的动词不定式，如：intendto,meantto,inorderto等。我们能够依照文章的主旨和体裁来判断作者的目的和态度。与写作目的对应的文章以下：〔1〕toentertainreaders(使读者欢喜、发笑)：常有于个人经历或故事类的文章。〔2〕topersuadereaders(说服读者接受某种看法)：常有于广告或讨论文。toinformreaders(见告读者某些信息)：常有于新闻报道类、科普类、文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告性或建议性文章。〔3〕开头提出问题——让读者关注主题。简介相关事物——为了引出主题。列举详尽事例——说明文段的主题温馨提示：身临其境站在作者的角度上想一想标准文档合用文案四．推断文章出处：例：Don’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.Q：Thistextmustbetakenfrom___________.A.aradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram练一练:WATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROLactsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.givesyouadailyweatherforecast.remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomeworkBesides,yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.Q：wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?标准文档合用文案onamagzineinacompanyguidebookonateenagewebsiteinacollegenewspaper技巧：1.看文章体裁和材：advertisement,news,poster,magazine,website,textbook,guidebook.通文章内容，判断者象是。出click〔点〕，来往往自website五．推断下文内容：例：Anotheroptionistosetthemup.Withanaccount( )atalocalbankthatoffersfreeuseofadebitcard(借卡).Unlikecreditcard(信用卡),thedebitcardhasnooverdraft(透支)function⋯Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?furtherimformationaboutthedebitcardtheoverdraftfunctionsofadebitcardsmoredisadvantagesofcreditcardthekids’sattitudetowardsacreditcard技巧：关注最后一段的内容，特别是最后的两三句。总结：如何消除干：不能够以自己的点代替作者的点，要格依照资料中所供应的信息行推理；标准文档合用文案推理的依照来自于上下文；若是某选项中的内容是阅读资料的简单重复，那它一般不是推论，也就不是正确答案；若是某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；若是某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完满，那也不是正确答案；6.文中的虚假语气和神情动词〔should,must,may〕经常能显露出作者的意在言外，这有助于我们确定正确答案；7.注意作者在文中的措辞，比方作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather那么常带有否认的口气；8.某些过渡词〔however,but,onthecontrary,what‘smore〕后边所表达的内容经常能反响作者的看法和态度；第四节：阅读理解之猜想词义题解析解读：在阅读中我们经常会遇到好多生词。这时好多同学马上翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不仅费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体掌握。事实上，阅读资料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们能够利用语境〔各种信息〕推断、判断某些生词的词义。猜想词义题旨在观察学生依照上下文推断生词、短语或句子意思的能力，突出观察对语境的解析和掌握能力。是阅读理解的必考题型，题干中平常含有mean，referto也许bereplacedby等。技巧点拨：标准文档合用文案常提方式：Theword“⋯〞inthepassageprobablymeans______?Theunderlinedword“⋯〞couldbestbereplacedby_______?(3)Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestmeaningtotheunderlinedword?Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean______?2．解步：1〕在文中找到索或信息2〕依照周熟悉的的关系〔并列，折，，比，因果〕来判断新的意思。3〕依照上下文〔即境〕判断新在特定句中的意思。典型例析：练一练：猜想以下划线词的意思。1〕Atthebeginningtheydidnothaveenoughcapitaltostartabusiness,norweretheyabletoborrowtheamountofmoneytheyneededfromthebank.金，nor构后的money，bankF2〕Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.不英俊D〔3〕Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadry标准文档合用文案period,ordrought.干旱B〔4〕Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.准E〔5〕Youshouldn’thaveblamedhimforthat,becauseitwasn’thisfault.C〔6〕Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.一种水果，椰子A总结：依照并列同列关系：一般来，并列的几个事物属同事物，由此可推其中一个的大概意思。依照同位或解关系：看作者不能够必定者能理解他的意思，他会用别的一种方式述自己的点。往平常的有：means,is,or,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitanotherway,which.依照因果关系：常关有：because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore,so⋯that.标准文档合用文案D.依照反关系：看折关系的或副，如but,while,however等，也许看与not搭配等表示否认意的。E.依照折或比关系：由上下句之的折或比关系来推，常有：unlike,otherwise,inspiteof,despite,though,instead⋯of,ratherthan,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary。依照近关系：看由and或or接的同，也许看在一步解的程中使用的同。练一练：1.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle——thatis,itwillbreakeasily.A.易碎的B.深重的C.美的D.适用的Allhisattemptstotheunclockdoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒的C.有效的D.急促的Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.A.好B.化C.改D.上升Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic5.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibits(展)inoneday.标准文档合用文案A.smallB.largeC.dullD.interesting6.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s.〞“MyMomissmarterthanyours.〞and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.〞A.喧华B.吹牛C.俏皮D.天真实战演练：AForthefirst19monthsofherlifeHelenKellerwasabletoseeandhear.Butthenasickness(疾病)struck.Shebecamecompletelyblindanddeaf.Fortherestorherlifeshewasneverabletoseeorhear.Andthesicknessstruckwhenshewasababybeforeshelearnedtotalk.Herworldwastotallydarkandsilent.Forthefirstsevenyearsofherlifeshewasalmostlikeawildanimal.Hermotherandfathercouldnotcontrol(控制)her.Shescreamed(尖声叫唤)andkickedandstruggledandcried.Finallyherparentssentforateacher.HernamewasAnnSullivan.Sheherselfhadoncebeenblind.ShequicklysawthatfirstshehadtoteachHelenhowtoobeyandhowtocontrolheranger.ShespeltoutwordsinHelen’shand.Helencouldn’tseeorhearsoshelearnedbytouchingandfeeling.ShelearnedtoreadbooksinBraille(盲字).Helenalsolearnedforeignlanguage:French,German,LatinandGreek.Shelearnedtowriteandtospeak.Shecouldrideahorse,swim,rowaboat,climbtrees.ShewenttocollegeandAnnSullivanwentwithher.WithMissSullivan’shelp,HelenKellerfinishedcollegewithhighhonor.Shebecameateacher,writerandlecturer.Herlifeisaninspiration(激励),notjusttotheblindandthedeafbuttopeopleeverywhere.HelenKellerwasabletoseeandhearonlyfor______months.A.nineB.ninetyC.nineteenD.ninth2.Forthefirstsevenyearsofherlife,Helenwasalmostlike“awildanimal〞thissentencemeans_____A.shewasaverynaughtygirlB.shelivedwithanimalsforalongtimeC.shewasneverabletoseeorhear,soshewasveryboredandangryD.shelikedanimalsverymuch3.AnnSullivanwasHelen’s______A.motherB.teacherC.sisterD.classmate标准文档合用文案4.Helenlearnedby_______A.touchingandfeelingB.listeningandspeakingC.smellingandfeelingD.readingbooksThelastsentencetellsus_______We’dbetterlearnbytouchingandfeelingHelenisaheroonlyfortheblindanddeafC.EveryonecouldlearnalotfromHelenKellerHelenKellerhadaterriblelife.Keysare:CCBACBAmericanshaveusedcolourstomakemanyexpressionstheyuseeveryday.Wesayyou’re“inthepink〞whenweareingoodhealth.Itiseasytounderstandhowthisexpressionwasborn.Whenmyfacehasanicefresh,pinkcolour,itisasignmyhealthisgood.Thecolourgreenisnaturalfortrees,itisanunnaturalcolourforhumans.Whensomeonedoesn’tfeelwell.someonewhoisseasock,forexample.wesayhelooksgreen.Whensomeoneisangrybecausehedoesn’thavewhatsomeoneelsehas,wesayheis“greenwithenvy(忌妒)〞.Somepeopleare“greenwithenvy〞becausesomeoneelsehasmoredollars,or“greenbacks〞.Dollarsarecalledgreenbackbecausethat’sthecolourofthebacksideofthemoney.Blueisacoolercolour.ThetraditionalbluemusicofAmericanblacksistheoppositeofredhotmusic.Itisslow,sadandsoulful.Tobeblue,ofcourse,istobesad.Thecolourblackisoftenusedinexpressions.Peopledescribeadayinwhicheverythinggoeswrongasa“blackday〞.A“blacksheep〞isthememberofafamilyorgroupwhoalwaysseemstobeintrouble.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat〞,somethingunluckymighthappentohim.Notallthe“black〞expressionshadbadmeanings.Abusiness“intheblack〞,forexample,ismakingmoney.Acompany“inthered〞islosingmoney.Ifsomeonetellsyoutoputsomething“inblackandwhite〞,theywantyoutowriteitdown.1.Afterreadingthepassage,wecaninferifsomeone“looksgray〞,he_______A.lookswellB.mayneedtoseedoctorC.ishealthyD.ishappyAmericandollarshave_______backside.标准文档合用文案A.pinkB.greenC.blueD.redWhichworddescribesthebluemusic?A.FastB.SadC.HotD.Cheerful4.Mybrotherisa_______,everyonedoesn’tlikehim.A.ablackhorseB.ablackcatC.ablackdogD.ablacksheepWhichofthefollowingisTrue?A.Acompanysurelylikestobe“inthered.〞B.Abusiness“intheblack〞,ismakingmoneyC.Allthe“black〞expressionhavebadmeaningsD.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat〞,hemightluckysoon.Keysare:BBBDBCAlittleboyinvitedhismothertoattendhiselementaryschool’sfirstteacher-parentmeeting.Tothelittleboy’sfear,shesaidshewouldgo.Thiswouldbethefirsttimethathisclassmatesandteachermethismotherandhewasembarrassed(窘态的)byherface.Althoughshewasabeautifulwoman,therewasabigscar(伤疤)thatcoverednearlythewholerightsideofherface.Theboyneverwantedtotalkaboutwhyorhowshegotthescar.Atthemeeting,thepeopleweremovedbythekindnessandnaturalbeautyofhismotherDespite(无论)thescar,butthelittleboywasstillembarrassedandhidhimselffromeveryone.Hedid,however,heheardthemspeaking.“Howdidyougetthescaronyourface?〞theteacherasked.Themotheranswered,“Whenmysonwasababy,hewasinaroomthatcaughtonfire.Everyonewastooafraidtogoinbecausethefirewasoutofcontrol,soIwentin.AsIwasrunningtowardhisbed,IsawabeamcomingdownandIplacedmyselfoverhimtryingtoprotecthim.Iwasknockedunconsciousbutluckily,afiremancameinandsavedbothofus.〞Shetouchedtheburnedsideofherface.“Thisscarwillbeforever,buttothisday,IhaveneverregretteddoingwhatIdid.〞Atthispoint,thelittleboycameoutrunningtowardhismotherwithtearsinhiseyes.Hehuggedherandfeltalmostasacrifice(牺牲)oflifethathismotherhadmadeforhim.Heheldherhandtightlyfortherestoftheday.Theboywas_____whenhismothersaidshewouldgototheschool.标准文档合用文案A.pleasedB.afraidC.excitedD.boredWhatwashismotherlike?ShewasuglyShewasgood—lookingShewasbeautifuldespiteabigscaronherrightsideoffaceD.Thewriterdidn’ttellusHowdidhismothergetthescaronherface?ShehurtherfaceinantrafficaccidentSomethingwaswrongwithherfaceskinShewashitbysomeoneontheface.Herfacewashurtwhileshewassavinghersoninahouseonfire.Fromthemother’swords,weknow_______A.shefeltsorryaboutthescarB.shewasfrustratedaboutthescarC.shewassatisfiedwiththescarD.shethoughtthescarworthwhile(值得的)Fromthelastparagraph,itcanbeinferredthat_________theboywasstillembarrassedtheboywouldlovehismothermorethanbeforeC.theboywaspleasedwithhismother’sscarD.theboywasafraidtoseehismother’sscarKeysare:BCCDDBDAfterabusyda