文化对中英文标题的影响

毕业论文(设计)PAGE1TheInfluencesofCultureonChineseandEnglishHeadlines1.Introduction 12.Definitionofheadline 23.Linguisticfeaturesofheadlines 33.1Usageofnotionalwordsinheadlines 43.2Omissionoffunctionwordsinheadlines 53.3Usageofproverbsandidiomsinheadlines 64.ThecomparisonofChineseandEnglishheadlinesonculturaldifferences 74.1Thedevelopmentofheadline 74.1.1ThedevelopmentofChineseheadlines 84.1.2ThedevelopmentofEnglishheadlines 84.2CharactersofChineseandEnglishaffectheadlines 94.3Politicsandheadlines 104.4Socialvalueandheadlines 134.4.1Socialideologyaffectsheadlines 134.4.2Orientationofworshipeffectsheadlines 144.5Thinkingmodesandheadlines 154.6Religionandheadlines 175.Conclusion 18References 201.IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,allmessagesandnewthingsarerepresentedinmassmediaandoneofthetraditionalmediafortransmittingisnewspaper.Newspaperisbecomingmoreandmoreindispensabletopeople’slife.Itisavitalmeansforpeopletoknowtheworld;itreportsthelatesteventsathomeandabroad.Asthe“eyes”and“windows”ofnews,headlineshavereceivedpeople’sattentionallthetime,becausetheyplayanimportantpartinnewsreportanddrawreaders’attentionfirst.Agoodheadlinenotonlyaddsthefinishingtouchtoapieceofnews,butalsocantouchtheheartsofreadersandattractreaders;what’smoreheadlinescanguidereaderstogetmoreinformation.Peopleknowthatagoodheadlinehasalmostspokenouttheevent.Thatistosay,aheadlineisapieceofnews.Thus,itisself-evidentthatheadlinesareveryimportantfornewsreport.Manyscholarshavedoneresearchesonnewsheadlines,suchasEnglishnewsheadlines,Chinesenewsheadlines,thetranslationofheadlines,etc.However,mostoftheresearchesarefromtheperspectivesofstylisticfeaturesofChineseandEnglishheadlinesandfewofthemconcerntheperspectiveofculturaldifferences.Therefore,thispaperbeginswiththedefinitionandlinguisticfeaturesoftheheadlines,thenturnstodiscusstheeffectofculturaldifferencesinpolitics,ideology,beliefandwaysofthinkingonEnglishandChineseheadlines,helpingreaderstounderstandtheirculturaldifferencesandimprovingreaders’readingabilitytodecodeheadlinesofnewspaper.2.DefinitionofheadlineThepeculiarityofheadlineshasdrawnagooddealofattention,bothjournalisticandlinguistic.Simpleasitseemstobe,itisaformofexpressionhavingmanystandardstobemetandrequirementstobefulfilledsothattheheadlinewriterisinfactengagedinproducingaliteraryart.Itrequiresagoodmasteryofthelanguageusedaswellasmanyskills.Thusacomparisonofheadlinesbetweentwodifferentlanguagesisactuallythecomparisonbetweentwodifferentcultures.BeforecomparingChineseandEnglishheadlines,itisnecessarytogiveacleardefinitionofheadline.Afterconsultingdefinitionsgivenbyscholarsbothathomeandabroad,itiseasytoseethattheirdefinitionssharesomecommonelementsasfollows:A.“Headline”isajargonofthenewspaper；B.Aheadlinesummariesormakescommentsonthenewscontentsthatfollow.Oncemore,onthebasisofthedefinitionsprovided,aworkingdefinitionofheadline,whichisapplicabletobothEnglishandChinese,canbegivenasfollows:Aheadlineisalineorlinesofconcisewordsoutsideanewspaperstoryorarticle,whichisusuallyprintedinlargeamountorwithdifferenttypesanddevisedtosummarizeormakecommentsonitscontents.3.LinguisticfeaturesofheadlinesHeadlineis,inasense,anadvertisementforthestory.Agoodheadlinewillreachoutandgrabreaders.Whenitisbright,informative,clearandaccurate,itsreaderscanbehooked.Theyreadon,andthat’sthewholeobject.Writinggoodheadlinesisalmostanart.Itisalsooneofthemostdifficultanddemandingpartsofawriter’sjob.Ifareportersaidinthirtywordsorlessaheadlinewritermighthavetosayinsixwordsorless.Goodheadlinewritingisanartpracticedunderthepressureofdeadlines.Soeveryheadlinewriterwillfollowsomegeneralprinciplestechniquestopractice.Inthefollowingpart,threetypicallexicalfeaturesofheadlineswritingbothinChineseandEnglishwillbediscussed,helpingreaderstocatchinformationmoreeasily.3.1UsageofnotionalwordsinheadlinesVocabularyisthebuildingmaterialsoflanguage,soitplaysanimportantroleinlanguage;itisquitenecessarytohavesomeknowledgeaboutit.Headlinewithoutcorrectusageofvocabularymaysometimesbringahardtimetothereaders.InEnglishnews,headlinesoftencontainnounphraseswithnoverbs.Anounphrasedescribesanoun;anothercommonheadlineformisastringofthree,fourormorenounstogether.Thesecanbedifficultbecausethewordsdonotcometogetherwithverbsoradjectives.Sometimes,thesetakeplacesofotheradjective,participleorsubordinateclauses.Herearesomeexamplesofusinganounornounphraseheadlines:(1)Petrolpricefears(TheTimes,Oct21,2001)(2)BestHighSchoolsSpringUpdate(TheUSNews,May16,2008)(3)L.A.'sSalvationArmyofferspovertysimulation(LosAngelesTimes,May22,2008)Inthecaseofnounstrings,it'shelpfultotrytoconnecttheideasbyreadingbackwards.Forexample:in“MustangReferralCustomerComplaint”,byreadingbackwards,peoplecanguessthat:thereisacomplaintmadebyacustomeraboutareferralprogramforMustangcars.Comparatively,thekeyofwritingagoodheadlineinChinesenewspaperistousecommonverbs.Sevenoutoftentitlescontaincommonverbs.Appropriateusageofverbscanincreasetheeffectandimproveanabilitytoexpresstitlesofnewspaper.Thispointcanbewellillustratedinthefollowingexamples.(4)职业歌手决战CETV（《人民日报》2004年7月17日）(5)欢歌激情涌巴黎（《人民日报》海外版2004年7月28日）(6)买房后还要砸多少“银子”？(《人民日报》2006年2月16日）3.2OmissionoffunctionwordsinheadlinesEconomyandcompressionarethemostimportantfeaturesofheadlines.Inordertomeettheneedofalargeamountofinformationinmodernsociety,editorscutthenumberofwordsinonepieceofnewssoastosavewritingspaceplaceandaddmoreinformation.ThisphenomenoncanbeseeninbothChineseandEnglishheadlines.Forexample,functionwordswithnorealmeaningareusuallywillbeomittedinwritingheadlines.However,therearevariousomissionsindifferentlanguages,buttheyplaythesamerole.InEnglishheadlines,mostwordsdeletedarefunctionwords.Theyareoftenarticles,linkverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliarywordsandpronouns,Forinstance:(7)TopIndianhotelangryatBBC(TheSundayTimes,July26,1987)(ATopIndianhotelangryatTheBBC)(8)37KilledinItalianplanecrash(TheSundayTimes,July26,1987)(37KilledinanItalianplanecrash)(9)Couplesparedjailoverraildeaths(TheTimes,Sept19,2001)(TheCouplesparedjailoverraildeaths)However,thearticlesintheheadsoffeaturestoriesandcommentariesareoftenneededandacceptedasfollows:(10)Isthisalosingbattleagainstfearitself?(TheTimes,Oct16,2001)(11)TheJewwhowedaNazi(TheTimes,Aug3,2001)“The”hereshouldbehereforthedefiniteconnection.Yet,inChineseheadlines,therearenoarticlesandlinkverbs.Similarly,apartfromtheomissiblewordsabove,prepositions,conjunctionsandpronounscanalsobeomitted.Forexample:(12)扑面而来中国风（《人民日报》2004年4月2日）（扑面而来的中国风）(13)《勇往直前》柏林捧金熊（《人民日报》2004年2月17日）（电影《勇往直前》在柏林捧金熊）(14)平常心写出不平常文章（《人民日报》2004年2月17日）（用一颗平常心写出不平常的文章）3.3UsageofproverbsandidiomsinheadlinesLiteraryquotations,proverbs,wisdoms,idiomsareinexhaustibletraditionalresourceofheadlines,theconnotationofproverbsandidiomsarerich,theirimagesarevivid,theirformsaresymmetrical.Usingsuchfeaturesinheadlinescanaddtothecolorfulnessanddiversificationofheadlines.Sometimesanidiomcansummarizeacompleteidea.Thereforeidiomshavebecomeanothercharacteristicofheadlinevocabulary.Thispointcanbeindicatedfromthegivenexamplesbelow.(15)弹精竭虑精益求精(《光明日报》2005年1月22日）(16)十年磨一剑,创新炼成“金”（《郑州日报》2005年12月11日）(17)TalkofabidputsGreggsonaroll(TheTimesOct19,2001)(18)Bulgaristealsamatchwithnovelplay(TheTimesOct21,2001)4.ThecomparisonofChineseandEnglishheadlinesonculturaldifferencesHeadlineisaparticularlyrichsourceofinformationinthefieldofculture.Thisisbecausethattitledoesnotstandforexplanationsordefinitions,butdependonthereader’sinstantreorganizationoftheculturalfield;what’smore,allusions,issues,andculturalreferencesareallnecessarytoidentifythecontentsofthearticles.Theythusrelyonastockofculturalknowledge.Representationsandmodelsofrealitymustbeassumedtobewidespreadinthesocietyiftheheadlinesaremeaningful.Therefore,it’snecessarytoanalyzetheculturalconnotationinheadlines.4.1ThedevelopmentofheadlineThedevelopmentofheadlinesisalongwiththemedia,whichistightlyrelatedtohistory,society,politics,economyandenvironment.ThisisoneimportantreasonwhyChineseandEnglishheadlinesaredifferent.4.1.1ThedevelopmentofChineseheadlinesTheearliestnewspaperinChinawastheofficialnewspaperDiBaofoundsometimebetween714ADand741AD.AccordingtoSunKezhioftheTangDynasty,thenewspapersoftheTangDynastyhadnoheadlines.IntheYuanandMingDynasties,thereweresomechangesinitems,periodsofpublication,etc.However,uptothen,therewerestillnoheadlines.SinceChongzhengYears,thelastyearsoftheMingDynasty,typographycameintouseinthenewspaper,sothecirculationofDiBao,latercalledJingBao,begantoincrease.Besidestheofficialprinting,non-governmentalprintingandsellingalsocontributedtothespreadofthenewspaper.Yetitwasuntilin1905whenShenBaobegananinnovation,headlinespossessedsomecharacteristicsofmodernones.4.1.2ThedevelopmentofEnglishheadlinesThefirstmodernnewspaper,theDailyCourant,appearedinEnglandin1702.Modernasitwas,itwasstillwithoutheadlines.FromtheAmericanRevolutionrightuptotheSpanish–AmericanWardays,thedepartmentalheadlinescouldbefoundintheAmericannewspapers.However,themostcommonlyusedformwasthelabelhead–ageneralandindefinitestatementwithoutverbs,orcaptionsthesameonebeingusedrepeatedly.JustasinChina,nolineofdemarcationisevidentbetweenthedaysofthelabelheadandthedaysofthemodernEnglishheadline.Theearliestmodernheadlinealreadyexistedintheageoflabelheads.However,itwastheoutburstofyellowjournalismbetween1892and1914thatledtotherevolutionofheadlinesandopenedupabroadwaytomodernheadlines,whichdevelopedgraduallyintotoday’sform.4.2CharactersofChineseandEnglishaffectheadlinesBothChineseandEnglishheadlinescancondenseandpointoutthegistofnews,butastothebreadthanddepthreports,ChineseheadlinesstandoutofEnglishheadlines.Suchas,LiberationDailyquotedtheheadlineofareportonHongKong’sreturninXinhuaNewsAgencyareasfollow:(19)中华民族的盛事世界和平与正义事业得胜利—香港今回归祖国怀抱（《解放日报》1997年7月1日）Asthesameday,therearethreewordsinthebannerheadlineofChinadaily(Englishedition)are:(20)HOMEATLAST(ChinaDaily,July1,1997)Takeanotherexample,Columbia,USspaceshuttlebrokeupinaironFeb.2,2003.Thesefollowingheadlinesareaboutthat:(21)“哥伦比亚”解体坠毁官方称没有迹象表明与恐怖活动有关(《新闻晚报》2003年2月2日)(22)NoevidenceofterrorismInlossofshuttleColumbia:USofficials(TheGuardian,Feb.2,2003)Withthecomparisonoftheaboveheadlines,itcanbeconcludedthatChineseheadlinesareinclinedtototality,whichfocusonthecontentofnews.Bycontrast,Englishheadlinesseemreportbythewayofaccentuation,whichisweakinbreadthanddepthreporting.Insomeextent,Chineseheadlineisamini-storyincapsuleformandEnglishheadlineisaskeletonofthenews.ThereasonChinesecharacterismonosyllabiclanguage,eachwordismonosyllabicbutideographic,itssizelooksthesame;yetEnglishcharacterismulti-syllabic,anditslengthisdifferent.Thuswithinthesamelimitedspace,Chineseheadlineshaveshaveabettersummarizationofnewscontents,comparedwithEnglishheadlines,whichcontributestoChinesetotalityandEnglishaccentuation.Sometimeswhenthenewsgistisnotsocomplicatedandallowsmorespacefortheheadlinesthanisneeded;Chineseheadlinewritersmayturntofiguresofspeechtofillinthespaceortoperfecttheheadlinessoastomakethemimpressive.EnglishheadlinewritersareunlikelytoseekrhetoricaldevicesforhelpbecauseeachEnglishlettertakesupdifferentspaceunit.Morewordscouldonlyaddtothedifficultyofwordcounting.4.3PoliticsandheadlinesPoliticsalwaysplaysanimportantpartinsociallife,whichalsohasanimpactontheproductionanddisseminationofnews.Forexample,inEngland,thefirstcopyofthenewspaper“StampDuty”,whichwaspublishedin1712,emergedtoprotecttheauthoritiesofBritishRoyal;reflectedandpropagandizedtheroyalideologyandinterest.InChinamodernhistory,thefirstbatchofnewspaperwasstartedbymissionariesfromtheUnitedKingdomin1900s,suchas《察世俗每月统计考》、《字林西报》,thesepapersreflectedthepoliticalsituationofthattime.AftertheMay4thMovement,founderofthe《新青年》and《共产党》alsoreportedthepoliticalcircumstances.Likewise,nowadayswesternheadlinesgetagreatimpactonpoliticstoo,shereflectsthepositionofnationalgovernmentandunderthecontrolofthem,soshehasastrongpoliticalinclination.Forexample:(23)U.S.TellsMoscowtoTonedownRhetoriconGeorgia(TheTimes,Sept7,2004)(24)U.S.Won’tReplytoIranLetter,WantsReal(TheSundayTimes,July16,2007)(25)ProgressonNuclearIssue(TheUSNews,May16,2008)(26)AColdWarApproachonIran(TheTimesOct21,2001)ThosetitlesareallselectedfromEnglishandAmericanjournals,whichhaveshownstrongpoliticalpreference.ThefirstonetellsthattheAmericanwasdissatisfiedwithMoscowgovernment.TheotherspresenttheAmericanuncompromisingstandtoIranaboutnuclearweapons.ThosewritingconditionisverycommoninChineseheadlines.Forinstance:(27)陈水扁输掉大半辈子资本(中国台湾网2006年05月30日)(28)台军演习:被美抛弃怎么办(《环球时报》2007年11月23日)Thepoliticalinclinationoftheabove-mentionedheadlines’wasobvious.ShedeclaresthestrongstandofChinesegovernmentagainstTaiwanindependence,togetherwithsarcasmtomilitarymaneuversofTaiwan.Soitiseasytoseethateverygovernmenthastriedtomakefulluseofnewspapertoinfluencethepublicviewpoint,andheadlinesofthenewspaperarechargedwiththemostimportanttasks,helpingthereadertocatchgovernmentpositionataglance.Throughtheheadlines,thegovernmentcanhaveanimpactonthepublic.Thepublic’sviewpointsinturnoftenfeedbackbytheheadlineswhichwillconveytothegovernment.Suchas:(29)OurConManinIraq(TheGuardian,Feb2,2002)(30)Working...andPoor(TheUSNews,May16,2005)Thetwoheadlinesaresuccinctinstyleyetrichincontent,conveyingthestandpointsoftheauthorandtheAmericanpeople.In“OurConManinIraq”,fiveshortwordsshowedthattheAmericanpublicquerythevalidityofgovernmentwhowasontheexcuseofnuclearthereatanduseforcetocontrolthem.ThenextonereflectedAmericanworkersweredissatisfiedwiththetermsoftheworkingconditionandlowsalary.IncontrasttoEnglishheadlineswhicharealwayspublishedwithoutreservation,Chineseheadlinesareinclinedtobeimplicit.ThisisthecharacterinfluencedbythetraditionofChineseculture.ChinesepeopleareallaffectedbygoldenmeanoftheschoolandChinesetraditionalpoliticalsystems.However,withtheinstitutionalreformofeconomyandpolitics,moreandmoreheadlinestendtoreflecttheproblemsthatthepublichaveshownconcernsharply.Forexample:(31)两大校长诘问教育不公平（《南方周末》2006年4月14日）(32)中国消费者对旅游服务满意度不高（《青年参考》2006年3月25日）(33)学术著作为何出版难（《人民日报》2006年11月8日）Fromtheexamplesabove,governmentcanshowherpositionandpointofviewsthroughthetitle;headlinesatthistimeplaytheroleofasaguidanceofpolitics.Ontheotherhand,thepublicthroughtheheadlinescanalsoconveythepublicwishestotheirgovernment,toraisetheconcernofGovernmentandcommunity.4.4SocialvalueandheadlinesXiaoJianchun(2002:14),notesthattraditionalvaluesasamajorpartoftraditionalcultureareasystemofwhatpeopleformagivencultureholdtheworld,societyandlife.Sotheeditorstrytoassociatethenewswithtraditionalvaluesofpeople.Thebestorthemosteffectiveheadlinesarethosethatbestexpressandaffirmcoreculturalvalues.4.4.1SocialideologyaffectsheadlinesSocialideologyistheformofexpressionofsocialconsciousnessinreallife,includingaperson’sthought,view,artisticculture,etc.ItisknowntoallthatChinaisasocialistcountryyetEnglishspokencountriesaremostcapitalist.Therearediscrepanciesbetweenthosedifferentideologycountries,sodopeople’soutlooksontheworld,lifeandvalues.TheChinesepeoplepursueprinciplesthatcollectiveinterestsalwayscomefirstthanindividualinterests,andindividualissubordinatedtocollective.Incapitalcountries,peopletaketheimitativeinpersonality,individualinterestsandselfishness.Thesefeaturesareoftenplacedintheheadlines.Forinstance:(34)FacingDeath,KevorkianHasRegrets(TheUSNews,Sept.11,2001)(35)BirdFlu:ProtectYourFamily（ChinaDaily,June16,2006）ThefirstonedescribedKevorkian’sregretfulmoodwhenfacingwithdeathinsalvageofthehurricane.Thesecondonetoldthat:whenfacingbirdflu,protectingfamilymemberfirst.4.4.2OrientationofworshipeffectsheadlinesAffectedstronglybyConfucianism,theworshipforpowerormonarchicalpowerisincludedinthetraditionalvalues(JiaYuxin:512-513).Powerandsolidarityrelationshipsareauniversalphenomenonexistinginseveralofsocieties.However,differentsocietiesgenerallyhavedifferentattitudestowardthesetwo,thatis,powermaybemoreimportantinoneculture,whilesolidaritymaybemoreimportantinanotherculture.TheChinesesocialstructureisbasicallyhierarchicalorverticalinnatureandtheprincipleofRENandLIhelpreinforcethesymmetricalrelationshipbyeditingthemaintenanceofdifferencesbetweenpeople.Powerrelationshipisthepredominantnormorvalueorientationintheimportantvalueorientationinthewesternculture.Eachmemberofthewesternsociety,comparativelyspeaking,enjoysindependenceandequality,whichlaysthefoundationfortheestablishmentofsolidarityrelationship.Thedifferencesofvalueareclearlyreflectedinawiderangeofheadlines.Forinstance,thepoorordisadvantagedgroupsareseldompublicinChineseheadline,unlessthereissomethingrelatedtohappentothegovernment.Instead,theofficersarealwaysappearinginheadlineoverandoveragain.(36)贾庆林出席山郁夫艺术展开幕式（《新华日报》2008年4月17日）Tobesurethatthousandsofpeoplehaveattendedtheopeningceremony,yetonlythestandingcommitteeJiaQinglinwaspublicontheheadline.(37)王金山会见深圳华强集团董事长梁光伟（《新华日报》2008年4月17日）LiangGuangweiisthechairmanoftheboard;afamouspersoninChina,hisnamewasontheheadline.InEnglishnews,thesituationisontheopposite.Individualpersonandcapitalistbothhavenorelationshipwiththegovernmentbutoftenappearontheheadlines.WhenitcomestootherimportanceinAmericanvalues,individualismandmoneybecomewhatlotsofcommercialnewsappealto.Individualismincludesmanyaspects,suchasindividualdignity,individualfreedom,self-satisfaction,privacyandsomethinglikethis.(38)MylesQuinlikestocollectstuff-mostofallgoodyarns(LosAngelesTimes,May15,2004)(39)Housepasses$54Bintaxbreaks,energyincentives(TheTimes,May21,2008)4.5ThinkingmodesandheadlinesThemodesofthinkingbetweenEnglishandChinesepeopleareratherdifferent.ThisresultsinthedifferentwritingstylesofEnglishandChineseheadlines,whichpandertotheirrespectivereader’stastes.Ithasbeenpointedoutthat“manyChinesepeoplepreferindirectstyle”(WangZhenya,1999:339).Inotherwords,theChinesepeoplegetusedtoapproachingatopicinaspiralway,byindirectionandbybeatingaroundthebush.Infacttheyassumethatbyresortingtoanaffectiveoremotionalmethodtheyarecreatingasharedcontextinwhichotherswouldcertainlyfigureoutthemostimportantpoints.ThiscouldbetracedbacktoancientChinesedialecticalworksinwhichtheauthorsturnedtoallegory,simile,metaphor,etc.,tostatetheirideas.Suchaspiralwayofthinkingnaturallywillaffecttheirappreciationofheadlines.Thatis,thoseheadlinesmakinguseoffigurativelanguagetendtobeadmired.TheEnglishpeople,justincontrast,favordirectstyles,thelinearwayofwriting.Whentheyarewriting,theyareinclinedtocomequicklytothecoreofamessage.Therefore,whatimpressesEnglishreadersmostisplain,directheadlines.By“plain”wemeanthatEnglishheadlinesmakeuseofonlyafewfiguresofspeech,comparedwithChineseheadlineswhichgivereadersroomforimaginationratherthanlettingthemeaningssinkinimmediatelyandeffortlessly.Thosefeaturesreflectontheheadlines:(40)Biden’sSonHeadedtoIraqin2008(TheUSNews,Feb3,2008)(41)BlairHiresClintonLawyertoSeekMultimillion(TheTimes,Oct19,2001)(42)ArmySuicidesHighestin26Years(LosAngelesTimes,May15,2004)(43)BiggestDonorAreasGoforDemes(TheUSNews,July3,2001)ThesekindsofnewsarecommoninAmericansociety.ThefrontonesaidthatonechildofaleaderinDemocraticPartyhadattendedthearmsandheadedtoIraqin2008.ThesecondonetoldpeoplethatBlairwastoinvitethelawyerofClintontoseekmultimillion.ThethirdoneshowedtherisingofsuicideinAmericanarmy.AllofthesehadreportedtheconcretesituationofAmericanindifferentsides.Peoplecanreceivetheinformationbythespecificheadlinesandmaketheirownjudgmentsaswellasexpresshisownopinionfreely.Thoseheadlinesaregoodatanalyzingthefactorsinrationalcognition.(44)七个光棍与一个村庄的故事(《人民日报》2007年08月02日)(45)春风又绿玉门关(《光明日报》2007年08月02日)(46)房改,照亮有家的路(《人民日报》2007年08月02日)TheChinesethinkingmodethatpeopletake“twist”asbeautywasdisplayedonthethreetitles.Thefirstonereportedthechangeofapoorcountry,sevenbachelorsareallbuildingupfamilyfortunes,gettingmarriedandleadingahappylife.ThesecondonereportedtheestablishmentofforestparkinGobiDesertofGansuprovince.Afterseveralyearshardworkandprotection,agreatmanytreeshaveplantedYemenguan,whichistrueof“春风又绿玉门关”.Thethirdheadlinetoldthesituationthat:underthereformofhouse,moreandmorepeoplecanaffordtobuyhouse.Here,itcanbefullyunderstoodthatChinesepeoplehavethespiralwayofthinkingonheadlines.4.6ReligionandheadlinesItisknowntoallthatnomatteringeographicaldistribution,orinthenumberofpeople’sbelief,Christianityisthemostuniversalreligion,particularlyinEuropeancountries,wheremostpeopleareChristian.Christianityisconcentratedontheethics,morals,pureandjustice,buttheChristianforbadeotherstocriticherandshestrongexcludedpagan.Today,theAmericangovernmentsandsomeEuropeancountriesmoreorlesshavebeeninfluencedbyChristianThought;theyofteninterfereintheinternalaffairsofothercountries,whichcanbetakenasthemostpowerfulexampletoexplaintheirChristbelief.Chinesepeople’sbeliefismainlyBuddhists;Buddhismisparticularaboutthekarmaandtolerance;shehasnoreligiousexclusionandhatred.Atthemeanwhile,sheisontheinfluenceofConfucianismandoftenrefractedkindsofstyleslike:gentlekindheartedindustriousandfugaletc.Therefore,religiousdifferencesnotonlyaffectpeople'sworldview,butalsoaffectedmediaandheadlines.(47)BeCareful!ChinaisWakingUp(TheUSNews,July3,2006)(48)HowcloseisIrantoGettingaNuclearBomb?(TheUSNews,July4,2005)ItcanviewthewesternNewsheadlineswere