使役动词的用法及练习

使役动词的用法及练习英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念.通常我们说使役动词,指的是make,have,let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,以饷读者.(注：英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义.)

1使役动词have,let,make（常用于复合结构）

1.1have的用法

1).have+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词will,would连用,不用于被动结构.

Therichladyhadthesingereatwithhisservants.

Iwillhavehimcomeandhelpyou.

2).have+宾语+现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事.

Thetwocheatshadthelightsburningallnightlong.

Hehaduswaitingforhimthreehoursyesterday.

IhavethemalltalkingtoeachotherinEnglish.我鼓励他们用英语交谈.

3).have+宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.

TomsaidhehadhadhisTVsetrepaired.

Tomhadhiswalletstolenonthebusyesterday.

“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1）的区别所在.试比较：

Haveyouwashedyourclothes?你洗了衣服了吗?（自己洗）

Haveyouhadyourclotheswashed?你叫人洗了衣服了吗?（别人洗）

4).have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补

Pleasehaveyourticketsready.

TheEmperorhadnothingon.

IamsureI’llhavehimintheargument.

1.2let的用法

1).let+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设.let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补.

Letthemstayintheclassroomanddotheirexercisesthemselves.

LetABbeequaltoCD.假设AB等于CD.

2).let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补

Letmeinandletthemout.

Wholetyouintothebuilding?

3．make的用法

1).make+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make后不接现在分词作宾补.

Theteachermadethenaughtyboystandthereforanhour.

Thenaughtyboywasmadetostandthereforanhour.

2).make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词.

Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.

CanyoueasilymakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish?

Theywillmakeanimportantplanknowntothepublicsoon.

3).make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句.

Thenewsmadeherhappy.

Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheproposal.

Leavewellalone.事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了.//不要画蛇添足.

3.3set使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系

setsomebodyathisease使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松

setsomethinginorder使某物井然有序

setsomebodyfree/atliberty使某人获得自由,释放（犯人等）

It’stimewesetthemachinegoing.是我们发动机器的时候了.

Thenewssetmethinking.这消息使我陷入了沉思.

Hesetthefarmlaborertochopwood.他让农场工人去砍伐木材.

IhavesetmyselftofinishthejobbytheendofMay.我决心于五月底前完成那工作.

setathieftocatchathief.以毒攻毒；令贼捉贼

3.4send使某人或某物急剧地移动

Theearthquakesentthecrockeryandcutlerycrashingtotheground.地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上.

Mindhowyougo----younearlysentmeflying.小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.

Sendthatfellowabouthisbusiness/packing.叫那家伙滚蛋.

Thegoodharvestsentthepricesdown.丰收使物价下跌.

3.5drive使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事

Failuredrovehimtodespair/desperation.失败使他绝望.You’lldrivememad/tomywits’end.你会把我气疯的./你会使我穷尽应付的.

Hungerdrovehimtosteal.=Hewasdrivenbyhungertosteal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃.

3.6keep使某人或某物保持某种状态

Youshouldkeepthechildrenquiet.你要使孩子们静下来.

Thecoldweatherkeptusindoors.寒冷的天气使我们待在家里.

Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里.

Willtheykeepmeinprison/custody.他们会监禁/拘留我吗?

I’msorryI’vekeptyouwaiting.很报歉让你久等了.

Thedoctorsmanagedtokeepmegoing.医生们设法让我活下去.

4使役意义动态动词

4.1cause致使,导致（能接直接宾语,双宾语,复合宾语）

Whatcausedhisdeath?什么导致了他的死亡?

Thishascausedusmuchanxiety.这给我们带来了极大的忧虑.

Whatcausedtheplantstodie.（=whatmadethemdie.）什么使得这些植物枯死.

Hecausedtheprisonertobeputtodeath.(=hehadthemputtodeath.)他使得这些犯人被处死.

4.2force迫使,强迫（宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等）

forceone’swaythroughacrowd从人群中挤出一条路来.

forceawayin/out/through冲入/出/过

forceanentryintoabuilding强行进入一建筑

forcethewaruponhim强迫某人作战

forcesomeoneintodoingsomething强迫某人做某事

forcesb./oneselftoworkhard迫使某人/自己努力工作

英语中使役动词的用法较复杂,上面仅就常见常用类作一小结,以供大家参考,还有一些类型可能未被总结出来,初中部分一haveletmake为重使役动词练习一

、单项选择

1．I

have

heard

both

teachers

and

students

____well

of

him.

A

to

speak

B

spoken

C

to

have

spoken

D

speak

2．They

are

going

to

have

the

serviceman____

an

electric

fan.

A

install

B

to

install

C

to

be

installed

D

installed

3．They’ll

have

you

_____if

you

don’t

pay

your

taxes.

A

to

be

arrested

B

arrest

C

arrested

D

being

arrested

4．They

know

her

very

well.

They

had

seen

her

___upA

grow

B

grew

C

was

growing

D

to

grow

5．Is

this

fridge____you

wish

to

have

_____?

A

the

one,

it

repaired

B

that,

repaired

it

C

the

one,

repaired

D

which,

repaired

6．When

visiting

a

foreign

country,

I

sometimes

found

it

difficult

____.

A

making

understand

me

B

to

make

myself

understood

C

to

make

myself

understand

7．---Good

morning,

Can

I

help

you?

---I’d

like

to

have

this

package

_____，madamA

be

weighed

B

to

be

weighed

C

to

weigh

D

weighed

8．The

speaker

raised

his

voice

but

still

could

not

make

himself

____.

A

hear

B

having

heard

C

hearing

D

heard

9．Jane

was

made

to

_____the

truck

for

a

week

as

a

punishment.

A

to

wash

B

washing

C

to

be

washing

D

wash

10．The

missing

boys

were

last

seen

____near

the

river.

A

playing

B

to

be

playing

C

play

D

playing

11．The

police

were

told

that

some

boys

were

seen

___on

the

street.

A

playing

B

to

be

playing

C

play

D

toplaying

12．Paul

doesn’t

have

to

be

made

______.He

always

works

hard.

A

to

learn

B

learn

C

learned

D

learning

13.Ellen

was

absent

this

morning,

she

had

her

teeth

_____.

A

filling

B

filled

C

to

fill

D

fill14．The

manager

discussed

the

plan

that

they

would

like

to

see

___the

next

door.

A

carry

out

B

carrying

out

C

carried

out

D

to

carry

out

15．If

you

want

to

buy

an

expensive

camera,

we

have

several

models

___.

A

to

be

chosen

B

to

choose

from

C

to

choose

D

for

choosing

16．The

examiner

made

us

____our

identification

in

order

to

be

admitted

to

the

text

center.

A

showing

B

show

C

showed

D

to

show

17．We

were

told

to

have

our

reading

room

____after

school.

A

clean

B

to

clean

C

cleaning

D

cleaned

18．They

made

a

fire

___up

the

room,

as

soon

as

their

leader

came

back.

A

warm

B

warmed

C

to

warm

D

warming

19．I

often

noticed

the

boy

___school

alone

very

soon.

A

leave

B

left

C

leaving

D

to

notice

20.The

people’s

government

does

it

best

to

having

the

living

standard

of

the

people

____.

A

risen

B

raise

C

rise

D

raised

21．----Your

brother

looks

tired,

What’s

wrong

with

him

?

----Well,

that’s

because

his

boss

had

him

____all

day.

A

works

B

to

work

C

working

D

worked

22.Jenny

hopes

that

Mr.

Smith

will

suggest

a

good

way

to

have

her

written

English

____in

a

short

period.

A

improved

B

improving

C

to

improve

D

improve

23．Did

you

notice

the

little

boy

____away?

A

took

the

candy

and

run

B

taking

the

candy

and

run

C

take

the

candy

and

run

D

when

taking

and

running

I

smell

something

___in

the

kitchen,

can

I

call

you

back

in

a

minute?

A

burning

B

burnt

Cbeing

burnt

D

to

be

burnt二、用所给动词适当形式填空

1

He

didn’t

pass

the

exam..I

found

him

________________(frustrate)

2I

like

my

Chinese

teacher.He

always

makes

his

classes

(interest)3.Jim

noticed

a

purse

_________