2020西城高考英语一模试卷

西城区高三统一测试英语 2020.4页，120100第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A1 onMay15everyThedaycelebratesthe 2 (important)offamilies.Itaimstodeepenpeople’sunderstandingofissues 3 arerelatedtofamilies.adifferentthemeeachyear,thedayisobservedwithawiderangeofeventsthatareorganizedatlocal,nationalandinternational 4 (level).BForthousandsofyears,peoplehavebeentryingtopredicttheweather.InChinaduringtheShangDynasty,people5(record)weatherforecastsonanimalbonesandtortoiseshells.Centurieslater,6Greece,thephilosopher,Aristotlewrotehistheoriesabouthowweatherconditionsformed.Weatherforecastingadvancedovertime,withmoreandmoreinstrumentsusedtomeasuretemperature,humidityandairpressure.7CLastyear,Chinastartedtesting5Gmobilenetworksinseveralcities.TheHongkouDistrictofShanghaiwasthefirsttooperatea5Gnetwork.testthenetwork,Qing,vicemayorofShanghai,madeaphonecall8(use)aHuaweiMateX,first5Gsmartphone.AccordingtoThe5Gistheinnovationthat9(shape)allourlivesforyearstocome.”Itis10(fast)andmorestablethanthepreviousgenerationofcellular(蜂窝状的networktechnology.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）A、B、C、D并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwaslate,about10:15p.m.,whenJaniceEspositoarrivedattheBellporttrainstation;shejumpedintoherHondaOdysseyandbeganthe20-minutedrivehometoherhusbandandseven-year-oldson.She’djustreturnedfromvisitinghermotherandhadtraveledtheroutemanytimesbefore.Shepractically11onautopilot:aleftontoStationRoad,thenaleftonMontaukHighway,andthen—wham!OutofnowhereacarT-bonedEsposito’sminivan,12hertomovebackwardsome100feetontotherailroadtracks.)theAsithappened,PeteDiPintowasgettingreadyfor15.He’djustclosedhisbookandwasgettingunderthecoverswhenheheardthesoundofmetalonmetalandbreakingglasscomingfromnotfaroutsidehisbedroomAvolunteer16andretiredteacher,DiPinto,64,never17tothink.Hegrabbedaflashlightand,stilldressedinhispajamas(睡衣),ranoutthe.“AnyfirefighterwouldhavedonewhatIdid,”hetoldNewsdayalwayson18.”OnceDiPintoconcludedthedriverwasOK,helookedaroundand 20 Esposito’sminivanpositionedonthetherailroadtracks.Andthenheheardaterriblesound:thebellssignalinganoncoming 21 .“Thegateswerestartingtocomedown,”hetoldNewsday.“Iseetheheadlightofthetrain.”DiPintoranquicklytoEsposito’sminivanandknockedonthedriver’ssidewindow.She22lookedathim,hereyesunfocused.“Idon’tknowwhereIam,”shesaid.Sheseemedunhurt.you’reontherailroad23,”DiPintoshouted.havetoget,.train,travelingat65perwasmovingtowardDiPintorantothepassengersideandthrewopenthe26.“Please,don’tletherbe27,”heHepushedasidethedeflating(瘪了的)airbags,grabbedEsposito’sarms,and28herasignalboxafewfeetWithinsixseconds,heestimated,thetraincrashedintotheminivan.“ItwaslikeaHollywoodmovie,”DiPintotoldreportersthenextButthisonehadatwist.“Lastnight,”SouthCountryAmbulancechiefGregMiglinotoldCBSNewYork,“the30arrivedinpajamas,notinafiretruck.”11.A.droveB.walkedC.rodeD.hiked12.A.allowingB.forcingC.orderingD.reminding13.A.satB.stoodC.hidD.waited14.A.actionB.noiseC.impactD.bomb15.A.classB.workC.dinnerD.bed16.A.doctorB.driverC.firefighterD.engineer17A.stoppedB.troubledC.intendedD.wanted18.A.dutyB.timeC.targetD.schedule19.A.warnedB.caughtC.hitD.followed20.A.observedB.spottedC.realizedD.predicted21.A.trainB.truckC.carD.ambulance22.A.yetB.justC.stillD.even23.A.yardsB.stationsC.bridgesD.tracks24.A.beltB.keyC.bellD.handle25.A.unlockedB.jammedC.openD.gone26.A.bagB.doorC.bookD.box27.A.scaredB.ignoredC.trappedD.defeated28.A.carriedB.rushedC.guidedD.pulled29.A.returnB.workC.safetyD.life30.A.policeB.actorC.reporterD.hero第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）ABCD将该项涂黑。AWhatitdoesTheself-cleaningdoorhandleiscombiningwithadvancedphotocatalytic光催化)andblacklighttechnology.Alightsourceactivatesthedoor’shandlecoating,tellingittostartcleaning.Itcanminimizetheriskofinfectionbycontactandimprovethecleanlinessofaspace.HowitworksTheworkingprincipleoftheproductisthatathinadvancedphotocatalyticcoatingcaneffectivelydecomposebacteria(细菌)onthesurfaceofasubstance.AconsistentUVlightsource—insideatransparentglassdoorhandle—isrequiredtoactivatethedoor’shandlecoatingontheoutersurfacefordisinfection,soageneratorisusedtoprovideelectricitytolightupaUVLEDlampbythemotionofanopeningandclosingdoor.Then,thedoorhandlecancleanbyitself.DesignprocessWemadethefirstversionbyusingstainlesssteel.However,itcausedthedoorhandletobeheavier.Then,wetriedaluminum,whichmadeitlightandeasytofix.Wealsoimprovedthegeneratoroutputwhicheffectivelyturnedenergyfromdoormovementintoalightsource.HowitisdifferentOurinnovativedesignissimple,effective,andattractive.Ithasanelegantsmoothshape,anditsminimalistappearancestandsoutinworldofinventions.Nowadays,peopleusechemicalcleaningmaterialstocleanuppublicareasbutitharmsthehumanOurdesigncanbeusedforalongtimeandiseffective.Itcanself-cleanaftereachuse.Inthedoorlockanddoorhandlemarket,itisauniquedesignbecausetherearenosimilarproducts.FutureplansInthefuture,wewillcommercializetheproductandhopethatitcancompeteonthemarketwithsimilarproducts.Wearegoingtoconnectwithpublicproperties,forexample,shoppingmalls,hotels,hospitalsandpublicrestrooms,wheretheriskofspreadinginfectionishigher.AwardsInadditiontowinningtheJamesDysonAward,ithasalsoreceivedtheGoldAward,andin2016,itwasfeaturedinthe44thInternationalGenevaInventionsExhibition.Howdoestheself-cleaningdoorhandlefunction?Itcontrolsthedoormovementautomatically.Itminimizestheriskofinfectionbylesscontact.Chemicalcleaningmaterialsareusedtocleanitup.Thelightsourcetellsthedoorhandlecoatingtocleanitself.Comparedwiththefirstversionoftheproduct,thepresentoneis .A.saferandcheaper B.cleanerandeasierC.lessheavyandmoreeffective D.moreattractiveandexpensiveWhatdoweknowaboutthenewinventionaccordingtothepassage?Ithasbeenwidelyusedinpublicareas.Ithasreceivedrecognitionforitsinnovation.Itisquitecompetitiveamongsimilarproducts.Itwillreplacetraditionalchemicalcleaningmaterials.BThislittleSouthAmericanMagellanicpenguinswims5,000miles,toabeachinBrazil,everyyearinordertobereunitedwiththemanwhosaveditslife.Itsoundslikesomethingoutofafairytale,butit’strue!71-year-oldretiredbrickworkerJoao,wholivesinanislandvillagejustoutsideRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,foundthesmallMagellanicpenguinlyingonrocksathislocalbeachin2011.Thepenguinwascoveredinoilandrunningoutoftimefast.Joaorescuedthepenguin,namingitDin,cleanedtheoiloffitsfeathersandfedhimadailydietoffishtorebuilditsstrength.Afteraweekofrecovery,Joaoattemptedtoreleasethepenguinbackintothewild.However,Dinhadalreadyformedafamilybondwithhisrescuerandwouldn’tleave.“Hestayedwithmefor11monthsandthen,justafterhechangedhiscoatwithnewfeathers,hedisappeared,”Joaorecalls.“Ilovethepenguinlikeit’smyownchildandIbelievethepenguinlovesme,”JoaotoldGloboTV.“Nooneelseisallowedtotouchhim.Hepecks(啄)themiftheydo.Heliesonmylap,letsmegivehimshowers,andallowsmetofeedhim.”ProfessorKrajewski,abiologistwhointerviewedthefishermanforGlobotoldTheIndependent:“Ihaveneverseenanythinglikethisbefore.IthinkthepenguinbelievesJoaoispartofhisfamilyandprobablyapenguinaswell.”However,environmentalistswarnthat,whilehundredsoftheMagellanicspeciesareknowntonaturallymigrate(迁徙)thousandsofmilesnorthinsearchoffood,therehasbeenaworryingriseinthephenomenonofoceaniccreatureswashinguponBrazil’sbeaches.ProfessorDavidZeefromRiodeJaneiro’sStateUniversity,saidtheincreaseisdueinparttoglobalclimaticchanges.ProfessorZeeaddedthatseaanimalsfaceincreaseddangerfromleakedtankeroil.LuckilytheendingforJoaoandDinhasbeenahappyone,eventhoughitisillegalinBraziltokeepwildanimalsaspets.ProfessorKrajewskisaid:“Professionalswhoworkwithanimalstrytoavoidrelationshipslikethisoccurringsotheyareabletoreintroducetheanimalintothewild.ButinthissinglecasetheauthoritiesallowedDintostaywithJoaobecauseofhiskindness.”EveryyearDinswimsalongdistancetoabeachinBrazilto .A.avoidbeingkilled B.meethisrescuerC.escapefromoceancurrents D.findmuchmorefishWhenDinwasfoundin2011, .A.hewasdying B.hewasrunningonthebeachC.hewasrestingonarock D.hewascleaningoiloffhisfeathersWhatcanwelearnaboutJoaofromthepassage?Heisnotallowedtokeepthepenguinasapetbytheauthorities.Heoverprotectsthepenguinbykeepinghimawayfromothers.Hiscontactwiththepenguinisencouragedbyprofessionals.Hiskindnesswinsthepenguin’strust.Thestoryinthepassagemainlyshows .theenvironmentalimpactonwildlifethelovebetweenhumansandwildlifethetendencyofwildlifetobondwithhumanstheprotectionofthreatenedwildlifebymankindCStoreownershavebeeninventingnewtrickstogetconsumersintotheirstoresandpurchasingtheirgoods.Evenaswefindnewstrategiestoresist,neuroscientists(神经科学家)areemployedatmarketingagenciesacrossthecountrytobestfigureoutwhatisgoingthroughaconsumer’sbrainateachpointinthedecisionprocess.Weconsumersoverspendduetothefactthatwehaveafearofmissingthereallygooddealorhavingtopaymoreforthesamethingandlosemoney.Normally,theprefrontalcortex(前额皮层)controlsouremotionalreactionstothings,andkeepsusfromactingunreasonablybycalmingdownourfears.Butanadvertisercandisturbourprefrontalcortexjustbydisplayingflashydealsigns,encouragingittodomathonhowmuchmoneywemightsavenowbybuyingmoreofsomethingwedon’tactuallyneedyet.Nostalgia,thatregretfulaffectionforpastevents,isanotherstronginfluencerduringtheholidayseason,andshapedbyemotion.Emotion—whethergoodorbad—enhancestheformationofmemories,engagingmorepartsofthebrain.Sohearinganephewsingingacarol,forinstance,mightreawakenmemoriesassociatedwiththatparticularsonginamuchmorepowerfulwaythanhearingthatsamenephewsinganothersong.Thesekindsofmemoriesarebroughtbackevenmoreeasilybysensoryinput.Thismightbewhyweareoftengreetedbyasensoryremindereverywherewegoinamonth.Whereveryoupurchasegifts,therearesocialinfluencesonwhatyoubuyaswell.Theholidaysareatimewhenweareespeciallyconditionedtopaymoreforthelabelbecausewe’rebuyinggifts.Receivingabrand-namegiftsendsthemessagethat“thispersonhasspentmoreonme,soheorshemustvaluememore.”Anditmakessense.Iftwothingsseemprettymuchthesame,howdoIknowwhichtochoose?Humanshavesurvivedasasocialspecies,andwehavetorelyoneachSowhenourbrainsaretryingtomakedecisions,oneoftheshortcutsistoassumethatifalotofotherpeopleprefersomething(andhighercostisoftenapredictorofthat),thentheremustbeareason.Muchofourholidayspendingisdrivenbyunplannedpurchases.Planahead,resisttheurgetopurchaseinthemoment,makenotesforcomparisonshopping,andifthedealisactuallygood,thenitwillholduptoinspectionandyou’llfeelgoodaboutyourpurchasesBeforeyoublowyourbudgetthisseason,rememberthatyourbrainmightbefoolingyouintothatnextpurchase.FromParagraph2,welearnthat .theprefrontalcortexisthecalculationcenterthecommonconsumersalwaysactunreasonablythesightofflashydealsignsmayfillconsumerswithfeartheadvertisersmakeconsumerspaymoreforthesamethingAccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingcanworkonconsumers?A.Creatingafestivalatmosphere. B.Followingthecurrentfashion.C.Preparingmorefreesamples. D.Offeringabiggerdiscount.Whydowebuybrand-namegiftsduringtheholiday?A.Theyaremorereliable. B.Theyareasignofsocialstatus.C.Theymakepeoplefeelvalued. D.Theyarefavoredbymostpeople.avoidoverspending,theauthorsuggestswe .A.buyinthemoment B.reduceourbudgetC.returnunnecessaryproducts D.makeaplaninadvanceDTheImpossibleBurgerisentirelyfreeofmeat.Butitlooks,smells,feelsand—mostimportantly—tastessomuchlikerealhamburgerbeef.Infact,plant-basedburgeralternativeshavesetoffastrongresistancefromthebeefindustry.TheCenterforConsumerFreedom,anonprofitthatadvocatesonbehalfofthefastfoodandmeatindustrieshaslaunchedan“informational”campaigntargetingplant-basedmeats.ThecampaignhasincludedTVandonlineads,aswellasprintadsinnewspapers.Theadsseemtoimplythatnotonlyisanartificialburgertooprocessed,butthatitmightbeevenlesshealthythantheaveragebeefburger.Whileit’struethataplant-basedmeatalternativeisprocessedandit’struethateatingoneisnotashealthyasapileofrawvegetables,it’sbesttotaketheadswithagenerouspinchofsalt.Forinstance,theadditivesandpreservativesinplant-basedmeathighlightedinoneadsuresoundscary.Whowantssomethingcalledtitaniumdioxide(二氧化钛)intheirmeal?Butthetruthisthatadditivessuchasthoselistedintheadsareregularlyusedinallsortsofpackagedfoods.Andifmethylcellulose,afoodthickener,soundsunpleasant,it’sreallynothingcomparedwithsalmonella(沙门菌)poisoningyoucangetfromregularmeat.Also,theadcampaignmissesthebiggerpoint.ChoosinganImpossibleorBeyondburgerisn’tjustabouteatinghealthy.Burgers,whethertheyaremadefromprocessedpeaproteinorprocessedmeat,willneverbeashealthyasorganicrawvegetables.What’sappealingistheprospectofenjoyingajuicyburgerwithoutthebitteraftertasteofguilt.Let’sfaceit,therearehugeenvironmentalcoststoeatingcows.Cattleraisingiscontributingtoclimatechange,andnotjustbecausemethane(甲烷)fromcowsandcattleisresponsibleforabout14.5%ofgreenhousegas.Morebroadly,ourglobalfoodproductionsystemreleasesmorethanathirdoftheworld’sgreenhousegases.Yetwecan’tseemtocontrolourmeatappetiteevenknowingthatlargeareasoftheAmazonforesthavebeenruined,andcontinuetobecutdowntomakeroomformorecattletofeedthegrowingdemandforbeef.Humansalsoknowfullwellthatmanyanimalsliveshort,cruellivesinawfulconditionsforthepurposeofbecomingfoodsforhumanstoenjoyatdinner.Aplant-basedmeatthatsatisfiesmeatdesiresanddeliversproteinbutwithasmallerclimatefootprintisapotentialenvironmentalgamechangerandthereasonImpossibleFoodswasoneofthosereceivingtheU.N.GlobalClimateActionAwardin2019.Nowonderthemeatindustryisonguard.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mostprobablymean?Theseadsdeservelittleconsideration.shouldspreadthemessageoftheseads.betterbecautiouswhenreadingtheseads.Theseadstellpeoplealotaboutplant-basedburgers.Whatdoweknowaboutadditivesandpreservativesinplant-basedburgers?Theyarelikelytocausepoisoning.Theiruseiswithinthenormalrange.Somehavenotbeenusedinhamburgers.Theyareusedtoensureburgerstastegood.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsplant-basedburgers?A.Supportive. B.Neutral. C.Disapproving. D.Doubtful.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?B.C. D. I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FashionandIdentityForhundredsofyearspeoplehaveputsomemessageinthetypeofclothingtheywore.Longagopeoplestartedwantingtostandoutfromthe“crowd”andbedifferentfromotherpeoplebymeansofchangingtheirclothing.Someexamplesofthese“standingout”becameverypopularandwerefollowedbymorepeople.46Nowadays,fashionhasbecomeanecessarypartofself-realizationandclothingisbasicallyacoveringdesignedtobewornonaperson’sThiscoveringisa“necessity”,whichbringsalotofvarietyintothelivesofpeopleandmakestheirimagemorecomplete.Thetypeofclothingcompletelydependsonthepersonwearingitandbecomesareflectionofpersonalidentity.Lately,alotisbeingheardaboutitsmeaninginthelifeofeverysinglepersonontheplanet.Thechoiceofclothingisasimportantasidentificationthroughthecolorofhair,