2021年6月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(第3套)

年6(第3Direction.s:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthencommentonparents'roleintheirchildren'sgrowth.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C.andD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A.Thewomanisthemanager'ssecretary.B.Themanfoundhimselfinawrongplace.C.Themanisthemanager'sbusinessassociate.D.Thewomanwasputtingupasignonthewall.2.A.Heneedsmoretimeforthereport.第1页共25页B.Heneedshelptointerpretthedata.C.Heissorrynottohavehelpedthewoman.D.Hedoesnothavesufficientdatatogoon.3.A.AfriendfromNewYork.B.AmessagefromTony.C.Apostaldelivery.D.Achangeintheweather.4.A.Sheisnotavailableuntiltheendofnextweek.B.Sheisnotareliablesourceofinformation.C.Shedoesnotliketakingexams.D.Shedoesnotlikepsychology.5.A.Hewillhelpthewomancarrythesuitcase.B.Thewoman'swatchistwentyminutesfast.C.Thewomanshouldn'tmakesuchabigfuss.D.Thereisnoneedforthewomantobeinahurry.6.A.Maryisnotsoeasygoingasher.B.Maryandshehavealotinconmon.C.ShefindsithardtogetalongwithMary.D.Shedoesnotbelievewhatherneighborssaid.7.A.Ataninformationservice.B.Atacarwashpoint.C.Atarepairshop.第2页共25页D.Atadrycleaner's.8.A.Thewomancametotheconcertattheman'srequest.B.Themanisalreadyfedupwithplayingthepiano.C.Thepieceofmusicthemanplayedisverypopular.D.Theman'suniquetalentsaretheenvyofmanypeople.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A.HehastaughtSpanishforacoupleofyearsatalocalschool.B.HeworkedattheBrownstoneCompanyforseveralyears.C.HeownedasmallretailbusinessinMichiganyearsago.D.Hehasbeenworkingpart-timeinaschoolnearDetroit.10.A.Heprefersafull-timejobwithmoreresponsibility.B.Heiseagertofindajobwithanincreasedsalary.C.Helikestoworkinacompanyclosetohome.D.Hewouldrathergetalessdemandingjob.11.A.Sports.B.Travel.C.Foreignlanguages.D.Computergames.12.A.Whenheissupposedtostartwork.B.Whatresponsibilitieshewouldhave.第3页共25页C.Whenhewillbeinformedabouthisapplication.D.Whatcareeropportunitieshercompanycanoffer.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A.Sheispregnant.B.Sheisover50.C.Shehasjustfinishedherproject.D.Sheisagoodsaleswoman.14.A.HetakesgoodcareofLisa.B.HeistheCEOofagiantcompany.C.Heisgoodatbusinessmanagement.D.Heworksasasalesmanager.15.A.Itisinurgentneedoffurtherdevelopment.B.Itproducesgoodspopularamonglocalpeople.C.Ithasbeenlosingmarketshareinrecentyears.D.Itiswellpositionedtocompetewiththegiants.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhoar3shortpassages.Atthoendofeachpassage,youwillhoarsomequestions.Boththepassageandthoquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhoaraquestion,youmustchoosethobestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C.andD.Thenmarkthocorresponding第4页共25页letteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthocentre.PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Itislinedwithtalltrees.B.Itwaswidenedrecently.C.Ithashighbuildingsonbothsides.D.Itusedtobedirtyanddisorderly.17.A.Theyrepaveditwithrocks.B.Theybuiltpublicrestroomsonit.C.Theybeautifieditwithplants.D.Theysetupcookingfacilitiesnearit.18.A.Whatmakeslifeenjoyable.B.Howtoworkwithtools.C.Whatacommunitymeans.D.Howtoimprovehealth.19.A.Theywereobligedtofulfillthesignedcontract.B.Theywereencouragedbythecityofficials'praise.C.Theywantedtoprovetheywereascapableasboys.D.Theyderivedhappinessfromtheconstructivework.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust第5页共25页heard.20.A.Themajorityofthemthinkitlessimportantthancomputers:B.Manyofthemconsideritboringandold-fashioned.C.Themajorityofthemfinditinteresting.D.Fewofthemreadmorethantenbooksayear.21.A.Novelsandstories.B.Mysteriesanddetectivestories.C.Historyandsciencebooks.D.Booksoncultureandtradition.22.A.WatchingTV.B.Listeningtomusic.C.Readingmagazines.D.Playingcomputergames.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A.Adviceonthepurchaseofcars.B.Informationaboutthenewgreen-fuelvehicles.C.Trendsforthedevelopmentofthemotorcar.D.Solutionstoglobalfuelshortage.24.A.Limiteddrivingrange.第6页共25页B.Hugerechargingexpenses.C.Theshortlifeofbatteries.D.Theunaffordablehighprice.25.A.Theyneedtobefurtherimproved.B.Theycaneasilyswitchtonaturalgas.C.Theyaremorecost-effectivethanvehiclespoweredbysolarenergy.D.Theycanmatchconventionalmotorcarsinperformanceandsafety.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhoarapassagethreetimes.Whenthopassageisreadforthofirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthopassageisreadforthosecondtime,youarerequiredtofillinthoblankswiththoexactwordsyouhavejusthoard.Finally,whenthopassageisreadforthothirdtime,youshouldchockwhatyouhavewritten.MyfavoriteTV.show?"TheTwilightZone."I（26）liketheepisodecalled"ThePrinter'sDevil."It'saboutanewspapereditorwho'sbeing（27）outofbusinessbyabignewspapersyndicate--youknow,agroupofthesamepeople.He'sabouthe'sinterruptedbyanoldman第7页共25页whosayshisnameisSmith.Theeditorisnotonlyoffered$5,000topayoffhisbutthisSmithcharacteralsooffershisservicesforfree.Itturnsoutthattheguyoperatestheprintingmachinewithamazingspeed,andsoonhe'sturningoutnewspaperswith31Thesmallpaperissuccessfulagain.Theeditoris／（32）athowquicklySmithgetshisstories--onlyminutesaftertheyhappen--butsoonhe'spresentedwithacontracttosign.Mr.Smith,itseems,isreallythedevil!Theeditorisfrightenedbythisnews,butheismorefrightenedbytheideaoflosinghisnewspaper,soheagreestosign.ButsoonSmithis（33）thenewsevenbeforeithappens--andit'sallterrible--onedisasterafteranother.Anyway,thereisalittlemoretotell,butIdon'twantto（34）thestoryforyou.Ireallyliketheseoldepisodesof"TheTwilightZone"becausethestoriesarefascinating.Theyarenotrealistic.Butthenagain,inawaytheyare,becausetheydealSectionADirections:Inthissectinm,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyour第8页共25页choices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asateacher,youcouldbringthecommunityintoyourclassroominmanyways.Theparentsandgrandparentsofyourstudentsareresourcestheirchildren.Theycanbe（37）teachersoftheirowntraditionsandhistories.ImmigrantparentscouldtalkabouttheircountrywhytheyemigratedtotheUnitedStates.Parentscanbeinvitedtotalkabouttheirjobsoracommunityproject.Parents,ofcourse,arenottheonlycommunityresources.Employeesatlocalbusinessesandstaffatcommunityagencieshave（39）informationtoshareinclassrooms.Fieldtripsprovideanotheropportunitytoknowthecommunity.Manystudentsdon'thavetheopporttmityto（40）concertsorvisitmuseumsorhistoricalsitesexceptthroughfieldtrips.Aschooldistrictshouldhave41forselectingandconductingfieldtrips.Familiesmustbemade（42）offieldtripsandgivepermissionfortheirchildrentoparticipate.Throughschoolprojects,studentscanlearntocommunityprojectsrangingfromplanting第9页共25页treestocleaningupaparktoassistingelderlypeople.ones,mightconductresearchonacommunityneedthatcouldleadtoactionbyacitycouncilorstategovernment.Someschoolsrequirestudentstoprovidecommunityserviceby（45）inanursinghome,childcarecenterorgovernmentagency.Theseprojectshelpstudentsunderstandtheirresponsibilitytothelargercommunity.A.AssetsB.AttendC.AwareD.especiallyE.ExcellentF.ExpensiveG.guidelinesH.involvedI.joiningJ.naturallyK.observeL.originM.recruitedN.up-to-dateO.volunteering第10页共25页SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ReapingtheRewardsofRisk-TakingA.SinceSteveJobsresignedaschiefexecutiveofApple,muchhasbeensaidabouthimasapeerlessbusinessleaderwhohascreatedimmensewealthforshareholders,andguidedthedesignofhitproductsthataretransformingentireindustries,likemusicandmobilecommunications.B.Alltrue,butlet'sthinkdifferent,toborrowtheApplemarketingsloganofyearsback.Let'slookatMr.Jobsasarolemodel.C.Aboveall,heisaninnovator(创新者).HiscreativeforceisseeninproductssuchastheiPod,iPhone,andiPad,andinnewbusinessmodelsforpricinganddistributingmusicandmobilesoftwareonline.Studiesofinnovationcometothesameconclusion:youcan'tengineerinnovation,butyoucan第11页共25页increasetheoddsofitoccurring.AndMr.Jobs'careercanbeviewedasaconsistentpursuitofimprovingthoseodds,bothforhimselfandthecompanieshehasled.Mr.Jobs,ofcourse,hasenjoyedsingularsuccess.Butinnovation,broadlydefined,isthecrucialingredientinalleconomicprogress--highergrowthfornations,morecompetitiveproductsforcompanies,andmoreprosperouscareemforindividuals.AndMr.Jobs,manyexpertssay,exemplifieswhatworksintheinnovationgame.D."WecanlookatandlearnfromSteveJobswhattheessenceofAmericaninnovationis,"saysJohnKao,aninnovationconsultanttocorporationsandgovernments.Manyothernations,Mr.JohnKaonotes,axenowaheadoftheUnitedStatesinproducingwhatareconsideredtherawmaterialsofinnovation.Theseincludegovernmentfinancingforscientificresearch,nationalpoliciestosupportemergingindustries,educationalachievement,engineersandscientistsgraduated,eventhespeedsofInternetbroadbandservice.E.Yetwhatothernationstypicallylack,Mr.Kaoadds,isasocialenvironmentthatencouragesdiversity,experimentation,risk-taking,andcombiningskillsfrommanyfieldsintoproductsthathecalls"recombinantmash-ups碎重组),"liketheiPhone,whichredefinedthesmartphone第12页共25页category."Thecultureofothercountriesdoesn'tsupportthekindofinnovationthatSteveJobsexemplifies,asAmericadoes,"Mr.JohnKaosays.F.Workersofeveryrankaretoldthesedaysthatwide-rangingcuriosityandcontinuouslearningarevitaltotturivinginthemoderneconomy.Formaleducationmatters,careercounselorssay,butreal-lifeexperienceisoftenevenmorevaluable.G.Anadoptedchild,growingupinSiliconValley,Mr.Jobsdisplayedthosetraitsearlyon.Hewasfascinatedbyelectronicsasachild,buildingHeathkitdo-it-yourselfprojects,likeradios.Mr.JobsdroppedoutofReedCollegeafteronlyasemesterandtraveledaroundIndiainsearchofspiritualenlightenment,beforereturningtoSiliconValleytofoundApplewithhisfriend,StephenWozniak,anengineeringwizardMr.JobswasforcedoutofApplein1985,wentoffandfoundedtwoothercompanies,NextandPixar,beforereturningtoApplein1996andbecomingchiefexecutivein1997.H.Hispathwasunique,butinnovationexpertssaythepatternofexplorationisnotunusual."It'softenpeoplelikeSteveJobswhocandrawfromadeepreservoirofdiverseexperiencesthatoftengeneratebreakthroughideasand第13页共25页insights,"saysHalGregersen,aprofessorattheEuropeanInstituteofBusinessAdministration.I.Mr.Gregersenisaco-authorofanewbook,TheInnovator'sDNA,whichisbasedonaneight-yearstudyof5,000entrepreneurs(创业者.andexecutivesworldwide.Histwocollaboratorsandco-authorsareJeffDyer,aprofessoratBrighamYoungUniversity,andClaytonChristensen,aprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchool,whose1997bookTheInnovator'sDilemmapopularizedtheconceptof"disruptive(颠覆性的.innovation."J.Theacademicsidentifyfivetraitsthatarecommontothedisruptiveinnovators:questioning,experimenting,observing,associatingandnetworking.Theirbundleofcharacteristicsechoestheceaselesscuriosityandwillingnesstotakerisksnotedbyotherexperts.Networking,Mr.HalGregersenexplains,islessaboutcareer-buildingrelationshipsthanaconsistentsearchfornewideas.Associating,headds,istheabilitytomakeidea-producingconnectionsbylinkingconceptsfromdifferentdisciplines.K."Innovatorsengageinthesementalactivitiesregularly,"Mr.Gregersensays."It'sahabitforthem."Innovativecompanies,accordingtotheauthors,typically第14页共25页enjoyhighervaluationsinthestockmarket,whichtheycallan"innovationpremium"Itiscalculatedbyestimatingtheshareofacompany'svaluethatcannotbeaccountedforbyitscurrentproductsandcashflow.Theinnovationpremiumtriestoquantify(量化.investors'betsthatacompanywilldoevenbetterinthefuturebecauseofinnovation.L.Apple,bytheircalculations,hada37percentinnovationpremiumduringMr.Jobs'firsttermwiththecompany.Hisyearsinexileresultedina31percentinnovationdiscount.Afterhisreturn,Applee'sfortunesinmrovedgradvatfirst,andimp)rovedmarkedlystartingin2005,yieldinga52percentinnovationpremiumsincethen.M.Thereisnoconclusiveproof,butMr.HalGregersensaysitisunlikelythatMr.Jobscouldhavereshapedindustriesbeyondcomputing,ashehasdoneinhissecondtermatApple,withouttheexperienceoutsidethecompany,especiallyatPixar--thecomputer-animation(动画制作.studiothatcreatedastringofcriticallyandcommerciallysuccessfulmovies,suchas"ToyStory"andN.Mr.JobssuggestedmuchthesamethingduringacommencementaddresstothegraduatingclassatStanfordUniversityin2005."ItturnedoutthatgettingfiredfromApple第15页共25页wasthebestthingthatcouldhaveeverhappenedtome,"hetoldthestudents.Mr.Jobsalsospokeofperseveranceandwillpower."Sometimeslifehitsyouintheheadwithabrick,"hesaid."Don'tlosefaith."O.Mr.Jobsendedhiscommencementtalkwithacalltoinnovation,bothinone'schoiceofworkandinone'slife.Becurious,experiment,takerisks,hesaidtothestudents.HisadvicewasemphasizedbythewordsonthebackofthefinaleditionofTheWholeEarthCatalog,whichhequoted:"Stayhungry.Stayfoolish.""And,"Mr.Jobssaid,"Ihavealwayswishedthatformyself.Andnow,asyougraduatetobeginanew,Iwishthatforyou."46.SteveJobscalledonStanfordgraduatestoinnovateinhiscommencementaddress.47.SteveJobsconsideredhimselfluckytohavebeenfiredoncebyApple.48.SteveJobsonceusedcomputerstomakemoviesthatwerecommercialhits.49.ManygovernmentshavedonemorethantheUSgovernmentinprovidingtherawmaterialsforinnovation.50.Greatinnovatorsaregoodatconnectingconceptsfromvariousacademicfields.第16页共25页51.Innovationisvitaltodrivingeconomicprogress.52.Americahasasocialenvironmentthatisparticularlyfavorabletoinnovation.53.Innovativeideasoftencomefromdiverseexperiences.54.Real-lifeexperienceisoftenmoreimportantthanformaleducationforcareersuccess.55.Apple'sfortunessufferedfromaninnovationdiscountduringJobs'absence.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C.andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.We'reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe'redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere'sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit'sdisplayed?"Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖症.assumethatpeople第17页共25页consciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,"notethetworesearchers."Incontrast,"theresearcherscontinue,"manyregulationsthatdon'tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance--likefood--ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems."Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople'sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepronfisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:Densityrestrictions:licensestosellalcoholaren'thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted(分配.basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren'tprimarilyfoodstores?Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan'tbuy第18页共25页alcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey'reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.56.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?A.Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.B.Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.C.Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.D.Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.57.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?A.Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.B.Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.C.Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.D.Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.58.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?A.Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol'stemptations.B.Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.第19页共25页C.Drinldngstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.D.Easyaccessleadstocustomers'over-consumption~59.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia'sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?A.Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.B.Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.C.Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.D.Togetalcoholoutofdrivers'immediatesight.60.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?A.Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.B.Enhancingpeople'sawarenessoftheirownhealth.C.Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.D.Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Kodak'sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy(破产.protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodak'sdownfallto"complacency(自满),"thatexplanation第20页共25页doesn'tacknowledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm--andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975--butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.Itwasn'tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingtonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporateculturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomake