高中英语情态动词和虚拟语气讲解

高中英语神态动词和虚假语气讲解神态动词和虚假语气复习神态动词是一种自己有必定的词义，后边加动词原形，给谓语动词增加感情色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，以为其可能、应该或必需等。一、神态动词的分类只做神态动词：must,can(could),may(might),oughtto,should2.可做神态动词又可做实意动词：need,dare（dared）3.可做神态动词又可作助动词：shall,will(would)拥有神态动词特色：have(had)to,usedto,hadbetter(not)do二、神态动词的特色神态动词没有人称和数的变化。2.神态动词后跟动词原形，否定式构成是在神态动词后边加“not。”神态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。

Littlechildrencanbeverynaughty.4)表示央乞降赞同-----CanIgonow?-----Yes,youcan.No,youcan’t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might取代，不是过去式，不过语气更委宛，注意：此时could,might不可以用于答语中。----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)cannottoo/enough表示“再.也但是分；越.越好”Youcannotbetoocareful.=Youcannotbecarefulenough.can/could可表示推测；表惊讶、思疑、不相信的态度（用于疑问句、否定句和惋惜句中）。译为“可能”；can’t/couldn’译t为“不行能”三、神态动词的基本用法1.can/could表示能力Canyouliftthisheavybox?MarycanspeakEnglishfluently.此时可用beableto取代。can只有一般此刻时和一般过去式；而beableto则有更多的时态。I’llbeabletocomethisafternoon.注意：当表示“经过努力而成功做到某事时”不可以用could,而用was/wereabletodo=succeededindoing=managedtodoHewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayinspiteoftheheavyrain.表示可观可能性（客观原由形成的能力）。译为“可以；可以”Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.某人或某物一时的可能性，常译为“有时（可能）会”ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometimes.1/7

Whocanitbe?ItmustbeXiaowang.Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.Shecan’thaveleftschool,forherbikeisstillthere.Howcanyoubesocareless!Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcanitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?7)could可以表虚假Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthedidn’tworkhard.2.may/might1)表央乞降赞同。might比may语气更委宛，否定回答时可用can’或tmustn’t,表示“不可以，严禁”。----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?----No,youmustn’t/No,youcan’t./You’dbetternot.----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?----Yes,youcan./Yes,please./Certainly.2)may用于祈使句，表示祝福高中英语神态动词和虚假语气讲解Mayyousucceed!3)may/might可表示推测、可能性（用于必定句和否定句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.Theymay/mightbehavingameeting,butI’mnotsure.4)may/mightaswelldo译为“不如，还是..为好”may/mightwelldosth.的意思是“有足够/充分的原由/很可能去做某事”。Wemayaswellstayhereforanotherday.Nowthatyouhavegotachance,youmayaswellmakethemostofit.Youmaywellnotaccepthisapology.Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.might可表虚假Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusythen.must,haveto1)表示一定、必定要。（must是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则重申客观需要。must只有一般此刻时，haveto有更多的时态形式。）Youmustcomeintime.Theplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.注意：在回答引出的问句时，假如能否定的，不可以用mustn’禁t(止，严禁/许)，而用needn’t,don’thaveto不(必).Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?Yes,youmust.----No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.must用来表示“恰恰，非要”。Mustyouplaytheguitarsoloudly?I’essons,mpreparingyouknowl.Whymustitraintoday?Wehadplannedtogocamping.

YouareTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.4.shall1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句,表征询建议。常译为“要不要；..好吗？”。Whereshallwegoforourholiday?Shallhecometoseeyou?----Weneedsomefreshair,butthewindowwon’topen.----Shallweasktherepairmanforhelp?shall用于第二、三人称陈说句，表示说话人给对方的警告、承诺、命令、信心、强迫、威迫等。Youshallfailifyoudon’twork警告hard).(HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(承诺)Heshallbepunished.(威迫)Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.表示法律、文件、条则中的规定。Nopersonshallsmokehere.should/oughttoshould和oughtto都可表义务，译为“应该”。AsaLeaguemember,youshould/oughttosetagoodexampletoyourclassmates.Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.Youshouldn’twasteanytime.2)should表示惊讶，难以置信。译为“居然；居然”。Icanhardlybelievethatthereshouldbesomanypoorpeopleinsucharichcountry.should表示假设。译为“假如；万一”。Shouldyoubefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.should/oughtto可以表示推测，译为“按理说应该”。Theyshould/oughttobereadyby12o’clock.3)must表推测、可能性（只用于必定的陈说句）。译为“必定、必定”。----HowisyourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?2/7高中英语神态动词和虚假语气讲解----Itshouldbe,butitisheavilypolluted.should可表虚假。Heshouldhavearrivedat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.will/wouldwill和would都可表表示志，意愿。Beingyourfriend,IwilldoeverythingIcanforyou.2)will和would用于第二人称疑问句，表示央乞降建议，would比will更委宛客气。WillyoupleasetellherthatI’llbebackintwentyminutes?Wouldyoupassthisbooktothestudentsinthelastrow?will和would可表示习惯性动作。此中，will表示此刻的习惯，would表示过去的习惯性动作。Sometimesthecatwilllietherealltheafternoon.Theboywouldsittherehourafterhour,lookingatthetrafficgoby.will/won’t可以用于非人主语，表示固有性质、偏向。won’t可以表示“失掉某种功能”。Thewindowwon’topen.Thedoorwon’tclose.would可表虚假。Therewouldnotbelifeontheearthwithoutwater.daredare做神态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于必定句中。

----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?----Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.2)need还可作实义动词，有人称、时态和数的变化。后边常接带to的不定式。Heneedstofinishhishomeworktoday.注意：needdoing=needtobedone意为“需要被”Thewindowneedscleaning.=Thewindowneedstobecleaned.虚假语气用法详解一、虚假语气（TheSubjunctiveMood）虚假语气用于表示说话人所讲的内容常常是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微不足道。二、虚假语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式此刻动词过去式(be用were)would/should/might/could+动词原形过去had+动词过去分词would/should/might/couldhave+动词过去分词动词过去式(be用were)would/should/might/could+动词原形未来should+动词原形wereto+动词原形Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?(1)此刻时的条件句中的虚假语气。如：2)dare还可作实义动词用，有人称、时态和数的变化。后边常接带to的不定式。Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.假如他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.Hedoesnotdaretoanswer.假如他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟习。Don’tyoudaretotouchit?(2)过去时的条件句中的虚假语气。如：7.needIfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.1)need做神态动词时，常用于疑问句、否定句。我假如看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。Youneedn’tcomesoearly.IfIhadgotthereearlier,IwouldhavemetMr.Li.假如我早点到那处，我就会会到了李先生。3/7高中英语神态动词和虚假语气讲解未来时的条件句中的虚假语气。如：IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.假如他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.假如他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。注意：if省略句在条件句中，可省略if，把were/had/should等提到主语前面,变成倒装句式。1).WereIyou,Iwouldnottellhimthat.=IfIwereyou,Iwouldnottellhimthat.2).Shoulditsnowtomorrow,manycropswoulddieofcold.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,manycropswoulddieofcold.3).Wereittosnowtomorrow,manycropswoulddieofcold.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,manycropswoulddieofcold.4).Hadyoulistenedtotheteachercarefullyyesterday,youwouldknowhowtodotheexercisenow.Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteachercarefullyyesterday,youwouldknowhowtodotheexercisenow.委宛条件句在虚假语气中，有时假设的条件其实不以条件从句的形式出现，而是经过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其他形式表达出来，这就是“委宛条件句”。

他当时正在开会，不然他就会来帮助我们了。Ishouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek,butIwassobusythatIforgottodoso.我原来应该在上周归还那本书的，但我太忙了，把这件事给忘了。Butthatyouhadseenmeinthewater,Iwouldhavedrowned.要不是你看见我掉在水里，我早就被淹死了。③用分词短语表条件。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.3．错综条件句即：虚假条件句中，主、从句的动作不是同时发生的。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与此刻或此刻正在发生的事实不符。如：Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.假如他们通知过我们的话，我们此刻就不会来这里了。②从句的动作与此刻事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.假如他今日有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.假如他认识她的话，他必定会去问候她了。③从句的动作与过去发生的状况相反，而主句的动作与此刻正在发生的状况相反。如：Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.假如天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.①用without,with,butfor(假如没有)等介词短语来表示虚假。Withoutair(=Iftherewerenoair),therewouldbenolivingthings.假如没有空气，就不会有生物。Withhishelp(=IfIhadherhelp),Iwoulddotheexperimentwell.假如有他的帮助，我会做好这个实验。Butfortheirhelp(=Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp),wecouldnotgetoverthedifficulties.要不是他们的帮助，我们是战胜不了这些困难的。②用连接词or/otherwise(不然，要不然),but,butthat(要不是)来表示虚假。Hewashavingameeting,otherwisehewouldhavecomeovertohelpus.

假如他工作向来努力的话，他此刻已进了办公室了。三、虚假语气在名词性从句中的应用主语从句1).Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/advisable/desirable/+that...Itisnecessarythathe(should)geteverythingreadybytomorrowevening.到明日夜晚前把全部准备好是必需的。Itisimportantthatyou(should)readEnglishaloudeverymorning.你们每天清早朗读英语很重要。2)Itisapity(ashame,nowonder...)+that...4/7高中英语神态动词和虚假语气讲解Itisapitythatshe(should)besocareless.她这么粗心真是遗憾。Itisnowonderthatthey(should)gotherebyair.难怪他们要坐飞机到那处去。Itissuggested(ordered,requested,desired,demanded,required,proposed,recommended)that...Itisrequestedthatthatfactory(should)stoppollutingtheriver.要求那家工厂停止对那条河的污染。Itissuggestedthatthesportsmeet(should)beputofftillnextweek.宾语从句1)在“一坚持；二命令；三建议；五要求”这一类动词后的宾语从句中，从句应用虚假语气，其谓语用should+动词原形，should可省略.Theteacherinsistedthatwe(should)useanEnglish-Englishdictionary.老师坚持要我们使用英英词典。Isuggesttheinvitationtotheconference(should)besenttoDrBaker.我建议给贝克博士发出列席的邀请。2)wish后的宾语从句要用虚假语气，表示不可以实现的愿发生在主句动作从前(1)had+过去分词；(2)would/could/might/should+have+过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时(be用were)发生在主句动作以后would/could/might/should+原形动词如：IwishIwereabird.我假如一只鸟多好啊！IwishIhadstartedtostudyEnglishyearsago.我假如早几年开始学英语就好了。Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsillyquestions.希望你不要再问愚笨的问题了。wouldrather宁愿“，宁愿”后接从句。从句用过去时指此刻或未来；用过去完成时指过去，

I'dratheryouwenttherenow.我宁愿你此刻就去那处。Iwouldratherhecametoseemetomorrow.我宁愿他明日来看我。Iwouldratherhehadn'ttoldyouaboutit.我宁愿他没有把这件事告诉你。表语从句与同位语从句某些名词（一坚持；二命令；三建议；五要求等）后，suggestion,proposal,request,order,advice,demand,recommendation等，其谓语用(should)＋动词原形表虚假。Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethefirsttogo.我们的建议是你应该先去注意：上述名词的同位语从句也用虚假语气，其谓语用(should)＋动词原形。如：Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?你知道你该去放哨的命令吗？Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.我们都赞同他要我们去北京阅读的建议。四、虚假语气在定语从句中的运用Itistimewewent(shouldgo)home.我们该回家了。It’shightimeyoumade(shouldmake)upyourmind.是你下信心的时候了。五、虚假语气在asif/asthough从句中的运用发生在主句动作从前had+过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时(be用were)发生在主句动作以后would/could/might/should+原形动词Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.他表现出忧如什么都没发生似的。HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.5/7高中英语神态动词和虚假语气讲解他提及英语来就忧如他是个英国人似的。Hetalksasifhekneweverythingintheworld.他谈起话来忧如他知道人间的全部似的。Itlooksasifitmightrain.看起来忧如要下雨。六、虚假语气的其他应用。ifonly指引的句中虚假语气的用法“Ifonly从句”表示一种梦想或是神往的假设，其意义是"假如就好了”、“希望”。其谓语动词的虚假式与wish后边宾语从句中谓语动词的虚假式同样。比方：Ifonlyshecouldunderstandmyrealfeelings.假如她能认识我的真实想法就好了。Ifonlymymotherhadsurvivedthediseaseandlivedtillnow.假如我妈妈没有死于疾病而活到此刻就好了。Ifonlyhewouldfindasatisfactoryjobafterhisgraduation.希望他毕业后找到一份满意如意的工作。情“态动词+havedone的”虚假结构1).“should+havedone”/“oug+htavetodone表”示过去应该做而没做,含有责备或遗憾的语气。Ishouldhavetoldyouaboutitearlier.有关这事我本应该早告诉你。Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn’thavebeensohardonhim.看，汤姆哭了，我原来不该该对他这样严格。YououghttohavegonehomelastSunday.我理应上礼拜天回家的。2).“could+havedone表”示过去原来可以做某事而没有做。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.原来他可以经过考试，但是他太粗心。．“might+havedone表”示过去原来可以做某事而没有做Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.假如你多给她点机遇，她原来可以获得更大成绩的。

4)．“would+havedone”表示对过去事情的假设，意思是，“原来会做”。Iwouldhavetoldyouallaboutthe