语法专题 04 感叹句、反义疑问句、祈使句-2023年江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版）

语法专题04感叹句、反义疑问句、祈使句☞【考点介绍】考点分值题型出题方向感叹句1-2分单项选择短文填空单选中感叹词What和How的选择；短文填空偶尔考察句子中带有感叹语气反义疑问句0-1分单项选择前肯后否原则的使用遇到句中有hardly/seldom/none等词原句要看做否定句遇到句中有unhappy/dislike/impolite等词原句要看做肯定句祈使句0-1分单项选择短文填空动词填空祈使句句首动词用原形祈使句中and和or的选择祈使句和if条件状语从句之间的转换☞【应试技巧】一、感叹句引导词用法例句WhatWhat+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)What+形容词+可数名词复数+(主语+谓语)Whatadeliciouscake(itis)!Whatdeliciouscoffee(itis)!Whatdeliciouscakes(theyare)!HowHow+adj.+the+名词+谓语How+主语+谓语Howdelicious(thecakeis)!Howtimeflies!注意：=1\*GB3①中考中常考的一些不可数名词有以下这些：news,information,advice,weather,fun,music,traffic,work,food,knowledge,furniture,progress等。=2\*GB3②有些不可数名词，如果前面有形容词修饰，要将这些抽象名词具体化，在这些不可数名词前加不定冠词a/an.如：Whatagreattimewehadlastweek!Whataheavyrain!二、反义疑问句考点一：反意疑问句的类型1.陈述句部分带有never,few,little,nothing,nobody,no,none,neither,seldom,hardly,too...to...等否含有定意义的词时，此陈述句为否定句，其附加疑问句要用肯定形式。Shenevertellsalie,doesshe?Heistooyoungtogotoschool,ishe?注意：陈述句部分带有具否定含义的前缀时，该句不可被认为是否定句，依然是肯定句，疑问句部分仍然用否定形式。如：Helooksunhappytoday,doesn’the?2.陈述句部分为Therebe句型时，疑问句部分用bethere形式。如：Thereisatreeinfrontofourclassroom,isn’tthere?3.陈述句部分的主语是指事或物的不定代词如：something,anything,nothing,everything时，附加疑问句部分的主语用it。如：Somethingiswrongwiththecomputer,isn’tit?陈述句部分的主语是指人的不定代词如：somebody(someone),anybody(anyone),nobody(noone),everybody(everyone)时，附加疑问句部分的主语用he或they，这时问句动词的数应和he或they一致。如：Everyonehasdonetheirbestinthegame,haven’tthey?5.当陈述句部分的谓语动词是have,has,had时：当have/has/had解释为“拥有”时，附加疑问句用have/has/had或是助动词do/does/did。当have/has/had不解释为“拥有”时，则只能用助动词do/does/did来构成附加疑问句。如：Hehasafewfriendsatschool,hasn’the/doesn’the?当陈述句的谓语部分由haveto时，附加疑问句用don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。如：Theyhadtogetupearly,didn’tthey?当陈述句部分谓语部分有hadbetter时，附加疑问句部分用had。如：You’dbetterstoptalkinginclass,hadn’tyou?当have/has/had用在完成时中，附加疑问句应用have/has/had来构成。如：Hehasn’tbeentoBeijingsofar,hashe?注意：该知识点是反义疑问句的常考点，注意这里have/has/had是被当做助动词的。6.陈述句谓语部分有need时：当need为情态动词时，附加疑问句部分用need。如：Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?当need为行为动词时，附加疑问句部分用do/does/did。如：Weneedtobuyanewbook,don’twe?7.祈使句的反意疑问句：肯定的祈使句：附加疑问句部分用willyou或won’tyou。否定的祈使句：附加疑问句部分用willyou。以let’s开头的祈使句，附加问句用shallwe;而以letus开头的，则用willyou。8.陈述句部分为主从复合句时，疑问句部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致,注意此时主句的主语必须是非第一人称。如：Shesaidshewouldcometomorrow,didn’tshe?否定转移的考点：主句的主语若是第一人称，其谓语动词是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine等词时，反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致。但分两种情况：（1）若主句是肯定句，疑问句部分的谓语动词符合“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。如：Wethinkitisagoodidea,isn’tit?（2）若主句是否定句，即出现否定前移现象，疑问句部分谓语动词的肯定和否定形式与从句的肯否形式保持一致。如：Idon’tthinkheisagoodstudent,ishe?9.陈述句部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问句部分用didn’t或usedn’t。如:Heusedtoliveinthevillage,didn’the/usedn’the?考点二：反意疑问句的回答对反意疑问句作答时，若答案是肯定的，则用yes,后跟肯定形式的简略答句；若答案是否定的，则用no,后跟否定形式的简略答语。特别注意，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。=1\*GB3①--Lucyisverygoodatskating,isn’tshe?--Yes,sheis.(是的，她很擅长。)遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。=2\*GB3②--Theydon’tworkhard,dothey?--Yes,theydo.（不，他们工作努力）--No,theydon’t.（对，他们工作不努力）遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。三、祈使句祈使句的肯定和否定结构1.肯定结构:1）Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。例：Pleasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。例：Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.请这边走。2）Be型(即：Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。例：Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!3）Let型(即：Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分)。例：Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。2.否定结构:1）Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。例：Don'tforgetme!不要忘记我!Don'tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到!Let型的否定式有两种“Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。例：Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。3）有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。例：Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。---Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。祈使句与其他句式的结合1.祈使句的反意疑问句（1）肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用willyou或won'tyou。如：Pleaseopenthedoor,will/won’tyou?（2）否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用willyou。如：Don'tbelateagain,willyou?（3）=1\*GB3①以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shallwe。如：Let'sturnontheTV,shallwe?=2\*GB3②以letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为willyou或won'tyou。如：Letusstayhere,will/won'tyou?祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。如：LeaveitwithmeandIwillseewhatIcando.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.快点，否则我们要迟到了。3.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。如：Tellhimtomakeaphonecalltomeifhecomesheretomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。注意：祈使句在中考中主要是以单选题的形式出现的，重点考察：1.祈使句的反意疑问句2.祈使句的回答3.祈使句与and或者or的连用☞【真题回顾】【2022-淮安中考】5.________goodbookyouofferedus!Itreallyhelpsusalot.A.How B.Howa C.What D.Whata【答案】D【解析】句意：你给了我们一本多么好的书啊！这对我们帮助很大。考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是可数名词单数book，用“Whata/an+adj+可数名词单数+主谓！”结构，故选D。【2022-宿迁中考】4.________clevergirlKittyis!Shecancomeupwithsomecreativewaystofinishtheproject.A.What B.Howa C.How D.Whata【答案】D【解析】句意：基蒂是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！她可以想出一些有创意的方法来完成这个项目。考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是单数可数名词girl，符合结构“What+a/an+adj+单数名词+主谓!”。故选D。☞【模拟训练】一、感叹句用What或How填空：1.

____

abigtreeitis!2.____bigthetreeis!3.____

beautifulpictures!4.____

beautifulthepicturesare!5.____

highthebuildingis!6.____

bigeyesshehas!7.____

lovelytheice-creamis!8.____

lovelyice-cream!【答案】1-4WhatHowWhatHow5-8HowWhatHowWhat单项选择1.—________popularJiangNanEveningPaperis!—That’strue.Ithas________manyreadersinWuxi.A.Howa;so B.What;such C.How;so D.Whata;so2.__________suggestionheoffered!Itwillbeofgreathelp.A.Howuseful B.Whatuseful C.HowausefulD.Whatauseful3.Oh,justimagine!________itistogotothewonderfultouristattraction!A.Whatagreatfun B.Howfun C.Whatgreatfun D.Howgreatfun4._________wonderfulnewsreporthewrote!Thebosswasreallysatisfiedwithit.A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa5.“_______you’vemade!Butyoushouldstillworkharder,”theteachersaidtotheboy.A.Whatgreatprogress B.HowabigmistakeC.Whatabigmistake D.Howgreatprogress6._______hardworkitis!And__________shouldIdotocompleteitwell?A.Whata,howB.What,whatC.How,whatD.What,how7、________excitingnews!Wewillhavea________holidayaftertheexam.A.Whatan;twoweeks B.Howan;twoweeksC.What;two-week D.How;twoweeks’8.“____________you’vemade!Butyoushouldstillworkharder,”theteachersaidtotheboy.A.Whatgreatprogress B.HowabigmistakeC.Whatabigmistake D.Howgreatprogress9.‘Last

month

I

traveled

across

the

Sahara

Desert

by

______

camel

with

some

locals.

What

________

amazing

experience!

A.

the;

an

B.

a;

/

C.

/;

the

D.

/;

an10.—PlentyoflatestnewsandinformationareoftencoveredliveonCCTV-1.—That’strue.________importantnewschannelCCTV-1is!A.WhatanB.WhatC.WhataD.How11.How_______thesongshesingssounds!Ihavenever_______abettervoice.A.beautifully;sounded B.beautiful;heardC.nicely;heard D.nice;sounded12.---______beautifulovercoatyoubought!---Indeed,Ilikedit______muchthatIdecidedtobuyitatonceassoonasIsawit.A.What;so B.How;suchC.Whata;so D.Howa;such13.—Jimtookanone-hourridejustnow._________timehespentfinishingsuchalongway!—Heis_________experiencedrider.A.Whatshort;the B.Whatashort;an C.Howshort;the D.Howashort;a14.______forustogowalking!Let’sgotogether,shallwe?A.Whatafineweather B.WhatfinetheweatherC.Howfineweather D.Whatfineweather15.Katewonthefirstprizeinthesportsmeeting._______greatsurpriseshegaveherclassmates!A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa16.—It’ssaidthatthefamouswriterwillgiveus________adviceonwriting.—________goodnews!I’mweakatit.A.a;Howa B.an;what C.some;what D.any;How17.---WewillbuildanundergroundinXuzhoubefore2015.----Wow,_______!Willitpassourplace?A.whatanexcitednews B.howexcitedthenewsisC.whatexcitingnews D.howexcitingnews18.How________thewindsounds!Whynotstayathome________suchawindyday?A.terrible;in B.terrible;on C.terribly;on D.terribly;in19.Oh,Kate,________yougaveus!A.howapleasantsurprise B.whatapleasantsurpriseC.howpleasantsurprise D.whatpleasantsurprise---_________badweatherthesedaysare!---Yes,anditmaylast_________.A.Whata;twootherdays B.What;anothertwodaysC.How;twomoredays D.How;twodaysmore______usefulthebookhegavemeis!Ittellsmehowtoplay_____guitar.A.Whata;the B.How;/ C.Whatan;a D.How;theWhat________itistogohikingin________weather!A.agreatfun;sofine B.agreatfun;suchfine C.greatfun;suchfine D.greatfun;soafine23.itwasforustohearyouplaypianoattheparty！ A.Whatfun;the B.Whatafun;the C.Howfun;a D.Howafun;不填24.—______usefultoolthecomputeris!—Iagree.It’s______interestingaswell.A.Whata;/ B.Howa;the C.Whatan;/ DHowan;25.-ItisreportedthatanearthquakehitYunnanonJune3.-terriblenews!A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What【答案】CDCAABCADABCCDBCCBBBACAAD按要求改写下列句子1．Lucyisaveryclevergirl.(用what改写为感叹句)2.Lilyisaverybeautifulgirl.(用how改写为感叹句)3．Thestudentsareplayingbasketballhappily.(用how改写为感叹句)4．Thebooksareverynew.(用what改写为感叹句)5．Thestoryisveryinteresting.(用what改写成感叹句)6．Thebookisveryinteresting.(用how改写成感叹句)7．Kangkang'slectureiswonderful.(用how改写成感叹句)8．Thenewsisveryimportant.(用what改写成感叹句)【答案】1.WhataclevergirlLucyis!2.HowbeautifulagirlLilyis!3.Howhappilythestudentsareplayingbasketball!4.Whatnewbookstheyare!5.Whataninterestingstoryitis!6.Howinterestingabookitis!(Howinterestingthebookis!)7.HowwonderfulKangkang'slectureis!8.Whatimportantnewsitis！二、反义疑问句1.Thereisn’tanythingwrongwiththeradio,______?A.isthere B.isit C.doesit D.doesthere2.Youmustbehungry,______?A.mustyou B.mustn’tyou C.areyou D.aren’tyou3.Weforgottobringourtickets,butpleaseletusenter,_______?A.doyou B.canwe C.willyou D.shallwe4.Herdaughterhadthecarpetsandcurtainscleaned,______?A.hadshe B.hadn’tshe C.didn’tshe D.didn’therdaughter5.Theteacherhadatalkwithyou,______?A.hasyou B.hadn’tshe C.didshe D.didn’tshe6.Something’llhavetobedoneabouttheairpollution,______?A.won’tit B.willit C.hasit D.doesit7.Youmusthavemadethemistake,______?A.mustn’tyou B.haven’tyou C.didn’tyou D.hadn’tyou8.Learninghowtorepaircomputerstakesalongtime,______?A.isn’tit B.aren’tthey C.doesn’tit D.don’tthey9.I’msureyou’drathershewenttoschoolbybus,______?A.hadn’tyou B.wouldn’tyou C.aren’tI D.didn’tshe10.Theymusthavestayedathotellastnight,______?A.mustn’tthey B.haven’tthey C.didn’tthey D.hadn’tthey【答案】BCBCADCCDA三、祈使句单项选择()1.

_____

this

kind

of

peach,

and

you

will

like

it.

A.

To

try

B.

Trying

C.

Try

D.

Tried

()2.

_____

the

radio,

please.

The

baby

is

sleeping

now.

A.

Not

turn

on

B.

Don’t

turn

on

C.

Not

turn

down

D.

Don’t

turn

down

()3.

—Please

bring

your

homework

to

sch