英美文学重点讲解

英语诗体Sonnet(十四行诗)Blankverse(素体诗)Freeverse(自由诗)heroiccouplet

(英雄对偶诗)lyric(抒情诗)ballad

(歌谣)ode（

颂歌）elegy

(挽词)等等，英语诗歌的音律与格律语音音律成分（prosodicfeature）：

重音、音长、停顿（stress、length、pause）英诗格律meter/meature：抑扬格、扬抑格、扬抑抑格、抑扬扬格WilliamShakespeare英诗音步Arsis/ictuc重读音节thesis非重读音节格律（meter/meature）：

音步的排列方式一音步：monometer二音步：dimeter三音步：trimeter四音步：tetrameter五音步：pentameter六音步：hexameter七音步：heptameter八音步：octameter2.腹韵（Assonance)（元音韵/半谐音）:相同或相似元音在诗行中重复出现I.行中韵（internalrhyme):1.头韵Alliteration:3.假韵/辅音韵（consonance):两个或以上的词的词尾辅音完全一致但前面元音不同：dash-fishhand-sendadd-read4.假尾韵/倒押韵（(ReverseRhyme):两个或以上的不同词的起首重读音节有形同的辅音和相同的元音组成，但最后的辅音或后面的一个音节不同：great/grazedstudent/studiowith-will5.类尾韵/头尾韵（Pararhyme):较邻近的两个或以上的词起首辅音和词尾辅音（或辅音连缀）相同，但元音不同：sit/satsend/soldgreat/groatII.尾韵/脚韵（EndRhyme)1.完全韵：

1）重读元音必须相同2）该元音后面的辅音必须是相同的音素3）该元音前面的辅音必须是不同的音素park-larklie-highfollow-swallow

2.不完全韵/半韵律（halfrhyme)

重读元音相同，但元音前和后面的辅音不相同like-rightfaze-latefern-bird韵式（RhymingScheme)1.连续韵：aabb2.交叉韵：abab;cdcd3.首尾韵：abbaImageryandsymbol

Imageryisatechniquethatusesstrongsensory感官性的wordstocreateavividmentalpictureforthereader,sothatheorshecanseesomethingastheauthorseesit.Symbolism,ontheotherhand,istheuseofaconcreteobjecttostandforaconcept,idea,orsituation.Manyauthorsuseimageryandsymbolismtogethertoenhancetheoverallthemeofaliterarywork,buttheycanalsobeusedseparately.Imageryandsymbolismareoftenusedtogether,whichcansometimesmakeitdifficulttoidentifythemastwoseparateliteraryconventions.Athunderstormwhichhasbeenthoroughlydescribedusingimagerycouldalsobeusedtosymbolize,orstandfor,aconceptlikechaosordiscontentamongcharactersorinacertainsituation.ToneandAtmosphere

Theatmosphereinapoemistheprevailingmood,anattemptofthepoettomakethe

reader

feelorreactinacertainwaytowardsthetheme,whereasthetonetellsushowthepoetfeels.Thetwoarecloselyrelatedandfrequentlysimilar,yettheatmospherecreatedinapoemismoredirectlyrelatedtothepoem’suseofimagery.JohnCadden,PoetryAppreciation,p.36ImageryVisualimage视觉意向AuditoryImagery听觉意向OlfactoryImagery嗅觉意向TactileImagery触觉意向GustatoryImagery味觉意向KinaestheticImagery动觉意向诗歌意义表现手段PhoneticDevices语音手段FiguresofSpeech修辞手段Deviation变异手段PhoneticDevices语音手段

Onomatopoeia拟声Pun双关Echo-word回声

FiguresofSpeech修辞手段

Comparison:simile明喻;metaphor暗喻PersonificationMetonymy换喻（thecradle:childhood;crows:power)Synecdoche提喻(bread:food;army:soldierApostrophe呼语Synaesthesia通感Symbolism十四行诗1.彼特拉克体：(PetrarchanSonnet)意大利诗人彼特拉克(FrancescoPetrarch，1304-1374)创立:前八行韵式为abbaabba;后六行cdecde/cdcdcd/cdeedc,16世纪传入英国，曾盛行一时。2.莎士比亚体三个四行诗（thequatrain)+一个英雄双行体（英雄偶句）（thecouplet)3.斯宾塞体（theSpenserian):格律：五步抑扬韵式：abab,bcbc,cdcd,ees莎士比亚体诗的格律(meter)与韵律(rhyme)Iambicpentameter（五音步抑扬格）：一个诗行中有10个音节(syllables)，每两个音节是一个音步，共有五个音步（pentameter）。每个音步里的两个音节中，前一个是弱读音节，后一个是重读音节，称为抑扬格（iambus），因而称作“五音步抑扬格”（iambicpentameter）。莎士比亚体的十四行诗中，前12行每隔一行押韵，后两行尾韵相同，形成abab,cdcd,efef,gg的押韵格式。①ShallI/②compare/③theeto/④asum/⑤mer'sday?①Thouart/②morelove/③lyand/④moretem/⑤perate:其中①②③④⑤分别为五个音步，每个音步中前一个音节弱读，后一个重读。SonnetA14-lineverseformusuallyhavingoneofseveralconventionalrhymeschemes.Rhyme: ababcdcdefefgg3quatrains(3four-linestanza)隔句押韵的前四行诗节

1couplet(2lines)对句，（两行尾韵相谐）

WordsandGrammarthee,thou→you，thy→your，thine→your(yours)，art→are，hath→has，doth→does，Iknownot→Idon’tknow，

morebetter→better，’t→it，tis→itis，’twas→itwasow’st？→ownestgrow’st→growestFigureofspeechInline3,PersonificationInline5Personification;MetaphorInline7Hyperbaton

倒装Inline11PersonificationInline12Metaphorofgrafting:.hyperbole夸张Inthefinalcouplet:aparallelismintheformofAnaphora首语重复法,becauseoftherepetitionofthewords,'solong'atthebeginningoftwosuccessivelinesFrancisBacon(1561-1626)AnEnglishphilosopherStatesman

：

amemberoftheHouseof

CommonsScientist

：

scientificmethodJurist：AttorneyGeneral司法部长；首席检察官

LordChancellor

ofEngland大法官Author:

Althoughhispoliticalcareerendedindisgrace,heremainedextremelyinfluentialthroughhisworks,especiallyasphilosophicaladvocateandpractitionerofthe

scientificmethod

duringthe

scientificrevolution.FrancisBacon:ProphetofScience(

BuddhismhastheBuddha.ChristianityhasJesus.IslamhasMuhammad.)SciencehasSirFrancisBacon.(Infact,Baconmadefewscientificdiscoveriesofanyrealnote.)ButBaconwastheprophetofthisnewage-hewroteitslaws,andprovideditsinspiration.

TheScientificMethod

→Baconproposedanewwaytounlockthesecretsofnature:thescientificexperiment→.Hisworksestablishedandpopularized

inductive

methodologies归纳法oftencalledthe

Baconianmethod,orsimplythescientificmethod.→NewtonfollowedthescientificmethodfromBacontodiscoverthelawofgravityPhilosophicalworks:TheadvancementofLearning《学术的推进》;TheNewInstrument;《新工具论》

Essays(1597,1612,1625),inclueds58essayscoveringawidevarietyofsubjectslikelove,hate,truth,death,friendship,revenge,etc.;(elegance,

brevity,

the

profound

morality.)Influence:

1.FrancisBaconwasanEnglishphilosopher,scientist,statesman,lawyer,juristandauthor.2.Throughhisworks,hehadgreateffectsinpolitics,especiallyinthefieldofphilosophyandscientificrevolution.3.AlsohavingeffectsonavarietyofreligiousandspiritualauthorsFeatures

ofBacon’sessayCompactLogicalPowerfulElegantParallelsentencesAntithesis对仗Biblicalallusions典故MetaphorsCadence韵律OfstudiesPurposeofreadingAttitudestowardsstudyPrinciplesofstudiesStudymethodEffectofstudyonhumancharacter:Studydevelopyourcharacter/Features1.Thelanguageisveryneat,prettyandweighty.2.Thesentencesareveryshort.Baconalsolikestousemoreco-ordinateconjunctions(并列连词thanthesubordinatedones从属,suchas“as,since,because”.3.Parallelism（排比句）,epigrams(警句),metaphor

andsimile4.Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity（简洁）,compactness（紧密）andpowerfulness.

Style:

wellarrangedinunityandcoherenceinoneparagraph.theconcisenessofexpressionsandphrasespresentsaplainstyleaswellashissimplelanguage.Thesimplemetaphorshavedeepimplications.Theomissionmakestheessayconcise,clearandcoherent.Thenaturalflowofparallelsmakeshislogicandphilosophicalargumentconvincinglyandforceful.

Thoselonely,hungrydaysinhischildhoodinflictedsoearlyinlifeuponsuchasensitiveboyhadleftanineradicable不能根除的bitterremembranceintheremainderofhislife.Tothisexperience,mayevidentlybetracednosmallpartoftheintensesympathywiththeoppressedpoor,especiallywithhelplesschildren,whichissoprominentinhisnovel.

CharlesDickens2.PointsofViewAspokesmenofthepoorpeopleItishisseriousintentiontoexposeandcriticizeallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisy伪善andcorruptness.Hehatesthestateapparatus国家机器,especiallytheParliament,andyetheisconvincedthatthestateshouldintervene干涉tocontroltherapacity贪婪oflandlordsandcapitalistsandtoraisethelivingstandardsoftheworkingclass.Heisinterestedinsocialreform.Heiscertainthatreformshouldworkinthedirectionofreducingaristocratic贵族的privilege特权.Hewantsimprovementinthelifeofthepoor,butisafraidofarealrevolution.Ahumanitarianwhopoursallhisloveandsympathyforthepoor,weak,innocent,injuredandneglectedgoodpeople3.SpecialFeaturesAmasterstory-tellerCharacterizationbothtypesandindividualsbestatchildcharacterportrayalhorribleandgrotesque奇怪的figuresandthebroadlyhumorousorcomicalcharacters.Writingfromachild'spointofviewHumorandpathos哀婉Dickensisagreathumorist.Hebelievesthatlifeisitselfamixtureofjoyandgrief.Hegivesreadersbrightmerriments.欢喜anddarkgloom忧郁atthesametime,minglingtearsandlaughterasinreallife.Ambitionandself-improvementCrime,Guilt,andInnocenceThreestagesofhumandevelopmentInnocenceexperienceandhigherstageofinnocenceCharacteristicsofDickens’NovelsCharlesDickenscreatedtwentynovelsduringhislife.HisnovelsofferedusaprofoundcompleterealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofmid-19thcentury.JaneAusten(16December1775–18July1817):anEnglishnovelist:romanticfiction,(setamongthelandedgentry);oneofthemostwidelyreadwritersinEnglishliterature,herrealismandbitingsocialcommentarymakingherhistoricalimportanceamongscholarsandcritics.JaneAustenShewaseducatedprimarilybyherfather,olderbrothersandthroughherownreading.Thesteadfastsupportofherfamilywascriticaltoherdevelopmentasaprofessionalwriter.Herartisticapprenticeshiplastedfromherteenageyearsuntilshewasabout35yearsold.thepublicationin1869ofhernephew'sAMemoirofJaneAustenintroducedhertoawiderpublic,andbythe1940sshehadbecomewidelyacceptedinacademiaasagreatEnglishwriter.Thesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawaproliferationofAustenscholarshipandtheemergenceofa

Janeite

fanculture.Ina2002votetodeterminewhomtheUKpublicconsidersthegreatestBritishpeopleinhistory,Austenwasrankednumber70inthelistofthe"100GreatestBritons

In2003,Austen's

PrideandPrejudice

camesecondintheBBC's

TheBigRead,anationalpolltofindthe"Nation'sbest-lovedbookIn2003theBBCconductedthelargesteverpollforthe"UK'sBest-LovedBook"inwhich

PrideandPrejudice

camesecond,behind

TheLordoftheRings.[24]Ina2008surveyofmorethan15,000Australianreaders,

PrideandPrejudice

camefirstinalistofthe101bestbookseverwritten.TheOriginalRomanticComedyAnybriefsummaryofPrideandPrejudiceisgoingtosoundprettymuchlikeeveryromanticcomedyyou'veeverseen-that'sbecauseit'skindofthefirstone.TheTitle：PrideandPrejudice

OriginallytitledFirstImpressions

byJaneAusten,shewasforcedtochangeitwhenshepublishedit.Antithesis对仗andAlliterationasSenseandSensibility

Beginnings'ItisaTruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.'(freeindirectdiscourse)WegetthesensethatJaneAusten,herself,doesn'treallybelievethatit'strue(itdefinitelywouldn'tbe'universal,'sothattipsusoff).Buthercharactersdo,soshe'sinhabitingtheirvoicerightoffthebatintheopeningofthebookShe'sexpressingthethoughtsandwordsofhercharacters,butshe'snotdirectlysignalingit.So,she'snotsayinghesaid,shethoughtortheybelieved.Sheusesthisallthetimeinthebook,butit'sreallyprominentinthisopeningsentence.It'salsoafamousopeningsentence!PlotJaneAustenwaswaymoretalentedthantheaverageHollywoodscreenwriter.Shekindofinventedthisplot;sheinventedthe'peopledon'tlikeeachotherandthentheyfallinlove'story.PlotsummaryAsituationoftheBennetfamily:MrandMrsBennethavenosons:ifMrBennetdiessoon,hiswifeandfivedaughterswillbeleftwithouthomeorincome.MrsBennetworriesaboutthispredicament,andwishestofindhusbandsforherfivedaughtersquickly.Thefatherdoesn'tseemtobeworriedatall.OpenswithMrBingley,awealthyyounggentlemanarrivingaccompaniedbyhishisgoodfriend,MrDarcy.Atthelocalassembly(dance)Bingleyiswellreceivedinthecommunity,whileDarcybeginshisacquaintancewithcondescensionand'proud'distasteforallthecountrylocals.AfterDarcy'srejectionofheratthedance,Elizabethresolvestomatchhiscoldnessandpride,hisprejudiceagainstcountrypeople,withherownpridefulanger—inbitingwitandsometimessarcasticremarks—directedtowardshim.(Elizabeth'sdispositionleadsherintoprejudicesregardingDarcyandothers,suchthatsheisunableto'sketch'theircharactersaccurately.)1.Theimportanceofenvironmentandupbringingonthedevelopmentofyoungpeople'scharacterandmorality.(Socialstandingandwealtharenotnecessarilyadvantagesinherworld)2.Ineffectualparents.InPrideandPrejudice,thefailureofMrandMrsBennet(particularlythelatter)isblamedforLydia'slackofmoraljudgment;Darcy,(taughttobeprincipledandhonourable)butisalsoproudandoverbearing.Kitty(rescuedfromLydia'sbadinfluenceandspendingmoretimewithheroldersistersaftertheymarry)issaidtoimprovegreatlyintheirsuperiorsociety.[6]Themes

1.LovePrideandPrejudicecontainsoneofthemostcherishedlovestoriesinEnglishliterature:thecourtshipbetweenDarcyandElizabeth.Theyovercomenumerousstumblingblocks.Austenviewsloveassomethingindependentofthesesocialforces,assomethingthatcanbecapturedifonlyanindividualisabletoescapethewarpingeffectsofhierarchical[haɪə'rɑːkɪk(ə)l]等级体系的society

Motifs动机，文学手法

Motifsarerecurringstructures,contrasts,andliterarydevicesthatcanhelptodevelopandinformthetext’smajorthemes.1.Courtship2.Journeys:Theyfunctionrepeatedlyascatalysts催化剂forchangeinthenovel

Symbols

1.Pemberley,Darcy’sestate,sitsatthecenterofthenovel,literallyandfiguratively,asageographicsymbolofthemanwhoownsit.1.itsbeautyandcharm2.thestreamthatflowsbesidethemansion“Infront,astreamofsomenaturalimportancewasswelledintogreater,butwithoutanyartificialappearance.”Darcypossessesa“naturalimportance”thatis“swelled”byhisarrogance,butwhichcoexistswithagenuinehonestyandlackof“artificialappearance.”2.asymbol-within-a-symbol:whenElizabethencountersDarcyontheestate,sheiscrossingasmallbridge,suggestingthebroadgulfofmisunderstandingandclassprejudicethatliesbetweenthem—andthebridgethattheirlovewillbuildacrossit.Style1.Gentlesatire:themercenary唯利是图的andtheignorance愚昧ofthepeople,acommoncriticismofthe18thcentury.2.Thetoneofthenovel:light,satirical,andvivid3.ThepointofviewinPrideandPrejudiceislimitedomniscient无所不知的;thestoryistoldthroughElizabeth,butnotinfirstperson.Asaresult,themoodofthenovellacksdramaticemotions.4.Theatmosphereisintellectualandcold;

5.Littledescriptionsofthesetting.6.Themainactionsaretheinteractionsbetweenopinions,ideas,andattitudes,whichweavesandadvancestheplotofthenovel.7.Theemotions:beperceivedbeneaththesurfaceofthestoryandarenottobeexpressedtothereadersdirectly.

Inthisstatement,Austenhascleverlydonethreethings:1.Shehasdeclaredthatthemainsubjectofthenovelwillbecourtshipandmarriage,2.Shehasestablishedthehumoroustoneofthenovelbytakingasimplesubjecttoelaborateandtospeakintelligentlyof3.Shehaspreparedthereaderforachaseinthenovelofeitherahusbandinsearchofawife,orawomeninpursuitofahusband.

WilliamWordsworthAleaderofEnglishRomanticismAlakepoetPoetofnaturepoetlaureate桂冠诗人theRomanticMovementofEnglishliterature,astyleofwritingthatfocusesonemotionandimagination.'LakelandPoet'becauseoftheareawherehelived,whichisrenownedforitsbeautiful,wildlandscapes,charmingpastures,andcountlesslakes'naturepoet'becauseofhisemphasisontheconnectionbetweenhumansandthenaturalworld.HebecamewidelysuccessfulandwasnamedpoetlaureateofEnglandin1843.LiteraryStyleInfluencedfromthespiritoftheFrenchRevolution.Theme:Broketradition,seekinghissubjectsinthesmallhappeningsofcountrylifeandthetalkofcountrymen,children,anddoingsandfeelingsofhumblepeople,andemotionfromhisinnerheart.Language:Hestucktoemphasizingthepurestbysimplestwords.WilliamWordsworthistheleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry.ToWordsworth,It'snaturethatgiveshimstrengthandknowledgefullofpeace.influenceWordsworth’spoetrythemainfeaturesofWordsworth’spoetry?backtonaturedeeploveofnatureappealtoindividualsensationsattentiontohumblefolkofrurallifesimplicityandpurityinlanguageWordsworth’sPoetics

1

Definition:Agoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.

Functionofpoetry:Thefunctionofpoetryliesinitspowertogiveanunexpectedsplendortofamiliarandcommonplacethings.Wordsworth’sPoetics

2Subjectofmatter:ordinarypeasants,children,everoutcasts,allmaybeusedassubjectsinpoeticalcreation.(commonpeople)Onlanguage:reallanguageofmenEnglishRomanticism

Time:

ItprevailedinEnglandduringtheperiod1798—1832;Beginning:LyricalBalladsin1798《抒怀歌谣集》End:deathofWalterScottin1832Representatives:Wordsworth,Coleridge柯勒律治,Shelley,ByronandKeatsWilliamWordsworth’sContemporizes

TheLakePoetsWordsworthusedhisimaginativepowerstoidealizenature;Coleridgeexploredthephilosophicalaspectsofpoetry;Southey'sRomanticeffortscenteredontravelandadventure.

BEHOLDher,singleinthefield,看，一个孤独的高原姑娘，YonsolitaryHighlandLass!在远远的田野间收割，Reapingandsingingbyherself;一边割一边独自歌唱，Stophere,orgentlypass!请你站住．或者俏悄走过！Aloneshecutsandbindsthegrain,她独自把麦子割了又捆，Andsingsamelancholystrain;唱出无限悲凉的歌声，Olisten!fortheValeprofound屏息听吧！深广的谷地Isoverflowingwiththesound.已被歌声涨满而漫溢！NoNightingaledideverchaunt还从未有过夜莺百啭，Morewelcomenotestowearybands

唱出过如此迷人的歌，Oftravellersinsomeshadyhaunt,

在沙漠中的绿荫间AmongArabiansands:抚慰过疲惫的旅客；Avoicesothrillingne'erwasheard

还从未有过杜鹃迎春，Inspring-timefromtheCuckoo-bird,声声啼得如此震动灵魂，Breakingthesilenceoftheseas在遥远的赫布利底群岛AmongthefarthestHebrides.打破过大海的寂寥。Willnoonetellmewhatshesings?--

她唱什么，谁能告诉我？Perhapstheplaintivenumbersflow忧伤的音符不断流涌，Forold,unhappy,far-offthings,是把遥远的不聿诉说？Andbattleslongago:是把古代的战争吟咏？Orisitsomemorehumblelay,也许她的歌比较卑谦Familiarmatterofto-day?只是唱今日平凡的悲欢Somenaturalsorrow,loss,orpain,只是唱自然的哀伤苦痛——Thathasbeen,andmaybeagain?昨天经受过，明天又将重逢？Whate'erthetheme,theMaidensang

姑娘唱什么，我猜不着，Asifhersongcouldhavenoending;

她的歌如流水永无尽头；Isawhersingingatherwork,

只见她一边唱一边干活，Ando'erthesicklebending;――

弯腰挥镰，操劳不休……Ilisten'd,motionlessandstill;我凝神不动，听她歌唱，And,asImountedupthehill,然后，当我登上了山岗，ThemusicinmyheartIbore,尽管歌声早已不能听到，Longafteritwasheardnomore.它却仍在我心头缭绕。Byplacingthispraiseandthisbeautyinarustic,naturalsetting,andbyandbyestablishingasitssourceasimplerusticgirl,WordsworthactsonthevaluesofLyricalBallads.Thepoem’sstructureissimple—thefirststanzasetsthescene,

thesecondofferstwobirdcomparisonsforthemusic,

thethirdwondersaboutthecontentofthesongs,thefourthdescribestheeffectofthesongsonthespeaker—anditslanguageisnaturalandunforced.Additionally,thefinaltwolinesofthepoem(“ItsmusicinmyheartIbore/Longafteritwasheardnomore”)returnitsfocustothefamiliarthemeofmemory,andthesoothingeffectofbeautifulmemoriesonhumanthoughtsandfeelings.PoemAnalysis1

Inthispoem,hewritesspecificallyaboutrealhumanmusicencounteredinabeloved,rustic乡村的setting.

Thesongoftheyounggirlreapinginthefieldsisincomprehensibletohim,andwhatheappreciatesisitstone,itsexpressivebeauty,andthemooditcreateswithinhim,ratherthanitsexplicitcontent,atwhichhecanonlyguess.PoemAnalysis2Toanextent,then,thispoempondersthelimitationsoflanguage,asitdoesinthethirdstanza(“Willnoonetellmewhatshesings?”).Butwhatitreallydoesispraisethebeautyofmusicanditsfluidexpressivebeauty,the“spontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeeling”thatWordsworthidentifiedattheheartofpoetry.“TheSolitaryReaper”anticipatesKeats’stwogreatmeditationsonart,the“OdetoaNightingale,”inwhichthespeakersteepshimselfinthemusicofabirdintheforest—Wordsworthevencomparesthereapertoanightingale—and“OdeonaGrecianUrn,”inwhichthespeakerisunabletoascertainthestoriesbehindtheshapesonanurn.ItalsoanticipatesKeats’s“OdetoAutumn”withthefigureofanemblematicgirlreapinginthefieldsBackground"ComposeduponWestminsterBridge,September3,1802"isasonnetbyWilliamWordsworthdescribingLondonandtheRiverThames,viewedfromWestminsterBridgeintheearlymorning.ItwasfirstpublishedinthecollectionPoemsinTwoVolumesin1807.ThethemeofthepoemInthissonnet,theauthordescribesthebeautyandtranquilityofthecityofLondonintheearlymorning.Rhetoricaldevices:1)inversion:"Dullwouldhebeofsoulwhocouldpassbyasightsotouchinginitsmajesty"."Ne'ersawI,neverfeltacalmsodeep!"2)metaphor:mightyheart:London3)personification:hisfirstsplendour:thefirstsunlight4)comparison:"Neverdidthesunmorebeautifullysteep,Inhisfirstsplendour,valley,rock,orhill"AnalysisInthefirsteight,hedescribesearlymorningLondonindetail,andthengoesoninthefinalsixtocomparethecityinthatmomenttonaturalwonders.Wordsworthdrawsparadoxesinhisattentiontothesunclothingthecity.HehasmostprobablyseenLondoninotherlightsatothertimesofthedayandsoheisinaweofitsmajesty.Thrownbaretoonlysunlightbeforethecity'sheartbeatswheneveryoneawakesthecityiscalmandserenelikethewaterwhichisnormallyfulloftradingboats.Noisyanddirty.Inadditiontheindustrialisationhasbroughtnoiseanddirtandchaosaswellaspollutiontothelandscapebutnotatthisearlyhour.AnalysisWordsworthfindscomfortinthefactthatthebeautyofnaturecansurviveeveninthemiddleofthecity.EvenifheisinutterpeaceIdobeleivethatheisonlyinpeacebecausetherearenopeopleinthisparticularpoem.ThismayimplythattheonlyreasonitisbeautifulisBECAUSEtherearenopeopleinthispoem.andthatitisthepeoplethatmaketheLondonthatweseeinwilliamBlakes"london".AnalysisWordsworth's"ComposeduponWestminsterBridge"canbecloselycomparedwithBlake's"London"."London"givesanimpressionofcontemptforthecityandwhatithasbecome,whilst"ComposedUponWestminsterBridge"isalooser,friendlierapproachtoapoemaboutLondon.EnglishRomanticism

Mainfeatures:

ImaginationImaginationisthesupremefacultyofthemind.Imaginationcanchangeandcreate.Imaginationcanunifydifferentelementsintoacomplexwhole.SuggestedpoemTheRimeoftheAncientMarinerbySamuelColeridgeEnglishRomanticismIdealizationofNatureNaturehasahealingpower.Natureisasourceofsubjectandimage.Natureisarefugefromtheartificialconstructsofcivilization."thatNatureneverdidbetraytheheartthatlovedher."WordsworthSuggestpoemWordsworth’sTinternAbbeyEnglishRomanticismIdealizationofNatureNaturehasahealingpower.Natureisasourceofsubjectandimage.Natureisarefugefromtheartificialconstructsofcivilization."thatNatureneverdidbetraytheheartthatlovedher."WordsworthSuggestpoemWordsworth’sTinternAbbeyEnglishRomanticismIndividualismManisthecenterofallconcern.Romanticistsemphasizedthedignifyofmanandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Manisanindividualinasolitarystate.Romanticistsvaluedtheexplorationandevaluationoftheinnerself.Suggestpoem:GeorgeByron’sChildeHarold’sPilgrimage

EnglishRomanticismGlorificationofthecommonplacematerials:thenatural,thecommonplace,thesimplecommonincidentsandsituationsnaturaldictionandlanguageSuggestedpoem:TheSolitaryReaperbyWordsworthEnglishRomanticismThelureoftheexoticWordsworthandColeridge:livedbytheriversideByronandShelly:self-imposedexileexpandedtheimaginaryhorizonsspatiallyandchronologically