2022至2023学年山东省临沂市高三（第1次）模拟英语试卷及答案

2022-2023学年山东省临沂市高三（第1次）模拟英语试卷及答案AAsalanguagelearningenthusiast,I'vecomeupwiththebestappsforlearningEnglishfromthethousandsofmobileappsoutthere.BestforPronunciation:ELSASpeakELSASpeakisprobablythebestmobileapparoundforhelpingyouimproveyourEnglishpronunciation.Theapp'sgreateststrengthisitsintensiveAIfeedback,butELSAalsoprovidesmini-trainingsessionstoreallyperfectyourpronunciation.TheAIanalyzesyourrecordingsbasedonpronunciation,intonationandfluencythenpointsoutexactlywhichpartssoundinaccurate.BestforImmersinginEnglishVideos:FluentUFuentUisalanguagelearningappthatteachesyouEnglishthroughauthenticvideoslikenewsreports,moviescenesandinterviews,withlearnertoolsforalllevels.Eachcliphasinteractivesubtitlessoifyou'renotsurewhatawordmeans,youcanhoveroveritandgetinexplanation.Theappalsogivesvideoexamplesforeachwordsoyoucanlearnvocabularyincontext.BestforPracticalTopics:BabbelBabbelhasyoulearnandpracticeEnglishwithrealisticconversationsthatsurroundthingsthatyou'repersonallyinterestedin.Lessonsareshortandconsistofwrittenandaudioversionsofthegrammarfeaturedinthelessons.Thenyouareabletocompletepracticeexercisestosolidifyyourunderstanding.BestforFunBeginnerLessons:LingodeerLingodeerusesgamesandshortexercisestoteachbeginnerandintermediateEnglishlearners.Lingodeertakesagamifiedapproachtolanguagelearningwithagoal-orientedcurriculumconsistingofstructuredlessonsandregularreviews.Lingodeer'slessonsarearrangedaccordingtothemes,suchassports,weather,partsofthebodyandshopping.

1.

WhatisthefeatureofELSASpeak?A.Itanalyzeslearners'recordings.

B.Itprovidesguidanceforlearners.

C.Itgiveslearnershelpfulfeedback.

D.Itimproveslearners'communicationskill.2.

Whichappprovidesvideosaslearningresources?A.FluentU.

B.ELSASpeak.

C.Babbel.

D.Lingodeer.3.

WhatcanlearnersdowiththeappLingodeer?A.Designgames.

B.Studyaroundatheme.

C.Structurelessons.

D.Takeadvancedcourses.BFromSantaBarbaratoScotland,strangersarebecomingfriendsbygoingonbikeridestogether.TheygetpairedupbyCyclingWithoutAge,anorganizationthathelpsseniorsgoforbikerides,eveniftheycan'tpedalthemselves.HughLyonandDavidLawrence,whoareroughly20yearsapartinage,havebeenridingtogetherforyears.The56-year-oldLawrenceservesasa"pilot",drivingthetrishaw—abikewithapassengerseatinthefrontthatCyclingWithoutAgeusesfortheirrides.Theygoforridesaboutonceaweek,oftendiscussingthehistoryoftheirtown."Despitemydeceasedparents,itgivesmeaconnectionwithpeoplefromanoldergeneration,"

saidLawrence,"andIenjoyspendingtimewiththemandhearingtheirstories."Thepairhaveformedafriendshipoutsideofcycling.LawrencesaidhecallsLyonoftenandgoestothegymwithhimtohelphimwithexerciseshecan'tdoonhisown.OleKassow,whofoundedCyclingWithoutAge,saidthat'sthepoweroftheprogram."Thetrulypowerfulthingaboutthesebikeridesisthattheytiepeopleandstoriestogethertocreatenewrelationships,"

hetoldCBSNews."Inmyfriendships—andtheabilitytoformnewrelationshipsatanyage—arewhatdefineagoodlife,andoftenalsoalongandhappylife."JohnBoettnerstartedtheSantaBarbarachapter.Hehasoneruleforpassengers."Theysay,'WhatdoesitcostifI'mgoingtogoforaride?'

Isay,'Here'swhatitcosts:Youhavetowave.Ifyoudon'twave,I'mgoingtokickyouout,'"

hejoked.Hesaidhelikeswhentheyhitredlights,becauseitgivesthemachancetoconnectwithpeopleontheroad.DrivingthetrishawisthebestadvertisementforCyclingWithoutAge,Boettnersaid,"Whenyoutakea101-year-oldwomanforabikerideandsheholdsyourhandtightandsaysthankyouandgivesyouakissonthecheek,itdoesn'tgetanybetterthanthat."

4.

WhatdidLawrencebenefitfromCyclingWithoutAge?A.Pickingupforgottenstories.

B.Improvinghishealthcondition.

C.Understandinghisparents'love.

D.Creatingarelationshipwithseniors.5.

WhydidOleKassowmention"friendships"?A.Tosharethepleasureofcycling.

B.Tostatethenatureofhappiness.

C.Toshowthevalueoftheprogram.

D.Tointroducethedefinitionofagoodlife.6.

WhatcanwelearnfromBoettner'swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Theprogramneedstobeadvertised.

B.Passengershavetopayfortheirrides.

C.Redlightsconnectpeopleontheroad.

D.Bikeridersfeelfulfilledbyofferingrides.7.

Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?A.Asweetfrienshiprefreshesthesoul.

B.Bearainbowinsomebodyelse'scloud.

C.Don'tgothroughlife,growthroughlife.

D.Happinessisajourney,notadestination.CForanyonetryingtoloseweight,there'satruthwecanalluniversallyacknowledgethatbetterhealthisoftenpositionedasanumbersgame.Hittherightnumber,andallyourhealthproblemswillmagicallyresolve,sothelogicgoes.Yetincreasingly,scienceisrevealingthatlosingweightmaynotbeasilverbulletafterall.InamousestudypublishedinthejournalScience,lookingspecificallyataninflammatory(炎症的)eyeconditionlinkedtoobesitycalledmaculardegeneration(黄斑退化),researchersfoundthestruggleforbetterhealthdoesn'tnecessarilybeginandendwithweightloss.Researchersconductedexperimentsonmicethatwerefedahigh-fatdietfor11weeks,makingthemgainweight.Themicewerethenputonadietoflow-fatfoodfor9weeks,makingthemloseweight.Anothergroupofmiceonlyatethelow-fatdietasacontrol.Researchersshotlasersintotheeyesofboththeyo-yodietermiceandthecontrolmicetoencourageatypicalbloodvessel(非典型性血管)growth,amarkofmaculardegeneration.Amongthemicethathadgainedandthenlostweight,therewasabout40percentmoreatypicalbloodvesselgrowththantheirstabledietpeers.Drivingthegrowthappearedtobemacrophages(巨噬细胞).Intheyo-yodietermice,thesecellshadbeenreprogrammedtocauseinflammation.Takentogether,thesecellsappearedtohaveanoutsizeroleinatypicalbloodvesselgrowthintheeyes.Meanwhile,inthemicefedonlyalow-fatdiet,inflammatorychangeswereabsent.Theresultssuggestthateatingahigh-fatdietthatcausesweightgain,eveniffollowedbyweightloss,leavesaninflammatorymarkonmousemacrophages.Theresearchcomesduringaperiodofrenewedinterestinanti-obesitydrugs.Butmedicinesthathelppeopleshedpoundsdonottreatinflammationlinkedtoahistoryofweightgain."Howtoengagethesefindingswithmedicineinterventionsisachallenge,"

saysBapat,headoftheresearch.

8.

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"asilverbullet"underlinedinparagraph1?A.Aworkablesolution.

B.Atoughchoice.

C.Anultimateobjective.

D.Amajorchallenge.9.

Howdoresearcherscarryouttheexperiment?A.Bymakingcomparison.

B.Bylistingexamples.

C.Bycontrolingtestmethods.

D.Byanalyzingdietcomponents.10.

Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearchresults?A.Stabledietingdrivesthegrowthofmacrophages.

B.Reprogrammedcellsaretoblameforweightgain.

C.Inflammatorychangesarecausedbythelow-fatdiet.

D.Losingweightdoesn'tresolvetheinflammationtiedtoweightgain.11.

Whatwilltheresearchfocusonnext?A.Exploringwaysoflosingweight.

B.Trackingthehistoryofweightloss.

C.Treatingobesity-linkedinflammation.

D.Boostinginterestinanti-obesitydrugs.DAnewkindofsolarpanel,developedattheUniversityofMichigan,hasachievedhighefficiencyintransformingwaterintohydrogenandoxygen—imitatingacrucialstepinnaturalphotosynthesis(光合作用).Theoutdoorversionoftheexperiment,withlessreliablesunlightandtemperature,achieved6.1%efficiencyatturningtheenergyfromthesunintohydrogenfuel.However,indoors,thesystemachieved9%efficiency.Butthebiggestbenefitisdrivingdownthecostofsustainablehydrogen.Thisisenabledbyreducingthesizeofthesemiconductor(半导体),typicallythemostexpensivepartofthedevice.Theteam'sself-healingsemiconductorwithstandsconcentratedlightequivalentto160suns."Webelievethatartificialphotosynthesisdeviceswillbemuchmoreefficientthannaturalphotosynthesis,whichwillprovideapathtowardcarbonneutrality,"

saidZetianMi,U-MprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringwholedthestudyreportedinNature.Thenewtechnologyhastwoadvances.Thefirstistheabilitytoconcentratethesunlightwithoutdestroyingthesemiconductorthattrapsthelight."Wereducedthesizeofthesemiconductorbymorethan100timescomparedtosomesemiconductorsonlyworkingatlowlightintensity,"saidPengZhou,U-Mresearchfellowinelectricalandcomputerengineeringandfirstauthorofthestudy."Hydrogenproducedbyourtechnologycouldbeverycheap."Andthesecondisusingboththehigherenergypartofthesolarspectrum(光谱)tobreakdownwaterandthelowerpartofthespectrumtoprovideheatthatencouragesthereaction.Themagicisenabledbyasemiconductorcatalyst(催化剂)thatimprovesitselfwithuse,resistingthedegradation(降解)thatsuchcatalystsusuallyexperiencewhentheytrapsunlighttodrivechemicalreactions.Thenextchallengestheteamintendstotacklearetofurtherimprovetheefficiencyandtoachievesuperhighpurityhydrogenthatcanbedirectlyfedintofuelcells.

12.

Whatleadstothelowercostofsustainablehydrogen?A.Solarenergy.

B.Smallersemiconductors.

C.Naturalphotosynthesis.

D.Moreconcentratedlight.13.

Whatisanadvantageofthenewtechnology?A.Acatalysteasilyavailable.

B.Creativeuseofthesolarspectrum.

C.Outstandingabilitytoreflectlight.

D.Asemiconductorworkingatlowlightintensity.14.

Whyarethetwoadvancesofthenewsolarpanelmentioned?A.Tointroduceagreenerlifestyle.

B.Topromoteitscommercialvalue.

C.Tostateitstechnicalbreakthrough.

D.Toadvertisethepotentialapplication.15.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewTrendinWaterUsage

B.TheFutureofSustainableHydrogen

C.SolarEnergy:MoreEfficient,Greener

D.CheaperHydrogenThroughSolarPowerManyhumanshaveamentalnumberlinethatoftenputssmallernumbersontheleftandbiggernumbersontheright—ifaskedtoorganizeseveralbunchesofgrapesbysize,you'dlikelylinethemupbyincreasingnumberofgrapesfromlefttoright.Likemanyhumans,honeybeesseemtoprefertheirnumbersorderedfromlefttoright,anewstudyclaims.

(1)

ResearchersreportedtheirfindingsOctober17intheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.MartinGiurfa,abiologist,tested134honeybeesontheirnumber-orderingabilities.FirstGiurfahadtoteachhisbeepupilstorecognizenumbers.Usingsugarwater,heguidedhoneybeesintoatestingbeehousebuiltfromarepurposedwinebox.Foreachbee,hehungapanelonthebackoftheboxwithacertainnumberofsymbolsonit—one,threeorfive.

(2)

Sothey'dlearntoassociatethenumberwithfood.Byvaryingwhatthesymbolslookedlikebetweenvisits,heensuredthebeeswerelearningthenumberitselfandnotcertainshapesorarrangements.

(3)

Giurfaremovedthetrainingpanelandsetuptwo,mirror-imagepanels,oneontheleftwalloftheboxandoneontheright.Thesenewpanelseitherhadthesamenumberofsymbolsasthetrainingpanel,fewersymbolsormore.Whichpaneldidthebeesflyto—leftorright?"

(4)

"

Giurfasays.Ofthebeestrainedon"one",

72percentflewtothe

"three"

paneltotheright,butofthebeestrainedon"five",

73percentwenttothe"three"

paneltotheleft."That'sexactlytheconceptofthementalnumberline,"

Giurfasays.Thoughsomecognitive(认知的)powersseemtobeuniquelyhuman,Giurfathinksthereisdangerindismissingtheabilitiesofanimals."Wearedifferentfromanimalsinsomeaspects,"

hesays,"butweareverysimilarinothers.

(5)

"A.Thenhefedthemthesugarwater.B.Itdependsonthereferencenumber.C.However,noteveryoneisconvinced.D.After30tripstothebox,itwastimeforatest.E.Itsuggeststhathoneybeeshavea"mentalnumberline".F.Giurfathinksbeesandchickshaveinbornmentalnumberlines.G.Denyingthissimilaritywillnothelpusunderstandwhatweare.

16.

A.A

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G.G19.

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

E.E

F.F

G.G20.

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

E.E

F.F

G.GHeadtoFlint,Michigan,onaWednesdaynight,andyou'llseeablindingdisplayoflightsneartheriver.Thetradition

(21)

onawhimin2010withDanielRiddick,adoctorinHurleyChildren'sHospitalinProvidence,RhodeIsland.Hispatient,ateenager,hadbeeninthehospitallong-term.Duringhisstay,Danielhad

(22)

withthekidsodeeplythathedecidedthatontheboy's

(23)

nightthere,hewoulddosomething

(24)

forthefinalparting.Asheleft,Danieltoldtheboyto

(25)

thecornernearthebusstopfromhiswindow.Daniel

(26)

tothatspot,turnedaround,andflickered(闪烁)hisbikelightuptowardthehospital.Tohissurprise,theteenflickeredhisownroomlightsto

(27)

."Fromaquartermileawayitwasvery

(28)

wherethekidwas,"

saysDaniel."Ifiguredifit

(29)

onceIcoulddoitagain."Andsohedid.Danielmadeita

(30)

tofickerhisbikelightstokidsasheleftforthenightasa

(31)

waytosaygoodbye.Thenightlytraditionbecamesucha

(32)

thatcustomersstartedjoininginwithflashlightsandcellphonestoo.Thetraditionhas

(33)

inspiredthosebeyondMichiganandDanielhopesit

(34)

evenmore."Itcouldhappenanywhereifsomeoneiswillingtogiveitatrywithone

(35)

,"

hesays.

21.

A.developed

B.survived

C.continued

D.started22.

A.negotiated

B.bonded

C.agreed

D.accommodated23.

A.last

B.usual

C.scary

D.challenging24.

A.essential

B.accurate

C.special

D.tolerant25.

A.witness

B.appreciate

C.watch

D.explore26.

A.slid

B.biked

C.drove

D.paced27.

A.signal

B.warn

C.check

D.respond28.

A.evident

B.important

C.probable

D.surprising29.

A.worked

B.changed

C.happened

D.mattered30.

A.duty

B.assignment

C.practice

D.commitment31.

A.casual

B.trendy

C.strange

D.fun32.

A.phenomenon

B.miracle

C.hit

D.celebration33.

A.only

B.even

C.nearly

D.ever34.

A.improves

B.spreads

C.extends

D.accelerates35.

A.light

B.message

C.hope

D.sign36.

You'veneverheardsongsquitelikethisbefore.Infact,itseemsthatMoyunofHongKongcantransformjustaboutanysongintosomethingcompletelynew

(1)

thehelpoftheGuzheng.ThistraditionalChineseinstrument

(2)

(make)of16ormorestringsandmovablebridges.Together,itproducessomeofthesweetestsoundsthatpairsurprisinglywellwith

(3)

wasoriginallyarocksong."TraditionalChineseinstrumentsaren'tsuitedfor

(4)

(adapt)aband'sentiresound,"

Moyunsaid."Guzhengislikethebass.It'shardtocreatevariationswithit."

Despitethe

(5)

(limitation),MoyunhasmasteredtheprocessofchangingpopularmusicfortheGuzheng.Inoneofhermanyvideos

(6)

(share)onYouTube,shedoesthiswith"Thunderstruck"

byAC/DC.Duringher

(7)

(perform),Moyunisconstantlymovingbothofherhands,eachmovement

(8)

(effortless)methodicalandfascinatingtowatch.Whenshe'snotplucking(弹拨)oneoftheinstrument'smanystings,sheisbeatingitlikeadrum.Bysharingvideoslikethese,Moyunhopesthatmorepeoplewillcometoappreciatethisuniqueinstrument."Chineseculturetends

(9)

(be)abstract,"

shesaid."It'snotreallyaccessible.Butpopcultureisaccessible.Byputting

(10)

twotogether,Ihopetheaudiencecanappreciatemymusic."

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)37.

上周你参加了学校学生会组织的以心理健康教育为主题的系列活动，请你给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.活动内容；2.活动反响。注意：1.词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________38.

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Palmtreesseemedtospeedbythecarwindow.Eight-year-oldKatrinabegantogetnervous,thewayshealwaysdidinnewsurroundings.Shefeltathinshineofsweataboveherlipinspiteofthecar'scoolair."Theaquariumwon'tbecrowded,Ibet,andpeoplearegonnanoticeme.Ihatewearingthisprosthesisleg(假肢)."

Shefelttearspinprickbehindhereyes."Notbeingnormalistheworst."EnteringtheClearwaterMarineAquarium,aroundacomerofatank,shenoticedananimalthatlookedunusual."Isthatadolphinwithstump(假肢)insteadofatail?"

Sheaskedanaquariumstaff.Henodded."Yes,that'sWinter.She'saveryspecialdolphin."

"Whathappenedtoher?"

"ThisgirldolphinwasfoundoffthecoastofFlorida,caughtinacrabtrap.Theropesfromthetrapcutoffthebloodcirculationtohertail.Soshelosthertail,"

Katrinacaughtherbreath."She'sjustlikeme.She'sjustlikeme."

"Butshestruggledtosurvive.Nowshewearsaprosthetictailpartofthedaytohelpherswimlikeadolphin'ssupposedtoswim."

thestaffcontinued,"Everyday,Wintershowsusanythingispossibleifwebelieve."Katrinafeltherheartstringwastouched.ShewavedatWinter.LookingatKatrina,Winterraisedherflipper(鳍),cametoherandliftedherhead."She'sswimmingrightintomyarms,"

Katrinasaidtearfully.Theymadeeyecontact.SheseemedtobespeakingtoKatrina:We'rethesame.Backhome,allKatrinatalkedaboutwasWinter.Fortwoweeks,shecriedandbeggedhermothertotakeherbacktoClearwater.Unfortunately,anotherblowhitKatrina.Shefellonthehardwoodfloorathomeandbrokeherotherleg.Katrinawasinconstantlegnervepain.Afterathroughexamination,thedoctorexplainedbadnewsthatshewouldneedanothersurgeryonherleg.Yearsofalivinghellcamebacktoher.Shestartedfearingsurgeryagainandrefusedtotakeany.注意：1..续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1:Katrina'smomdecidedtotakeherbacktoClearwater._______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Paragraph2:

FinallycamethedaywhenKatrinawasinthehospitalagain._______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、A、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几款学习英语的最佳应用程序。

1.

根据BestforPronunciation:ELSASpeak下列段落中的Theapp'sgreateststrengthisitsintensiveAIfeedback,butELSAalsoprovidesmini-trainingsessionstoreallyperfectyourpronunciation.（这款应用最大的优点是它的人工智能反馈，但ELSA还提供小型培训课程，以真正完善你的发音。）可知，ELSASpeak的特点是能给学习者有用的反馈。故选C。

2.

根据BestforImmersinginEnglishVideos:FluentU下列段落中的FuentUisalanguagelearningappthatteachesyouEnglishthroughauthenticvideoslikenewsreports,moviescenesandinterviews,withlearnertoolsforalllevels.（FuentU是一款语言学习应用程序，通过新闻报道、电影场景和采访等真实视频教你英语，并为所有级别的学习者提供学习工具。）可知，FluentU提供视频作为学习资源。故选A。

3.

根据第二段中的Lingodeer'slessonsarearrangedaccordingtothemes,suchassports,weather,partsofthebodyandshopping.（Lingodeer的课程是根据主题来安排的，比如运动、天气、身体部位和购物。）可知，学习者可以使用Lingodeer围绕一个主题学习。故选B。

4~7.【答案】D、C、D、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述“无年龄骑行”通过组织人们一起骑自行车把陌生人变成朋友，让陌生人之间在骑行的过程中体会到了幸福感。

1.

根据第三段内容（劳伦斯说：“尽管我的父母去世了，但这让我与老一辈的人有了联系，我喜欢与他们共度时光，聆听他们的故事。”）可知，劳伦斯在CyclingWithoutAge骑行的过程中可以让他与老一辈的人有了联系。故选D。

2.

根据第五段内容（奥勒·卡斯索（OleKassow）创立了“无年龄骑行”（CyclingWithoutAge），他说这就是该项目的力量所在。他告诉哥伦比亚广播公司：“这些自行车的真正强大之处在于，它们将人们和故事联系在一起，创造新的关系。在我的友谊中，以及在任何年龄段建立新关系的能力，都是美好生活的定义，通常也是幸福长寿的定义。”)可知，卡斯索提到“友谊”是为了体现该项目的价值所在。故选C。

3.

根据最后一段中的Boettnersaid,"Whenyoutakea101-year-oldwomanforabikerideandsheholdsyourhandtightandsaysthankyouandgivesyouakissonthecheek,itdoesn'tgetanybetterthanthat（Boettner说：“当你带着一位101岁的女士骑车时，她紧紧握着你的手，对你说谢谢，并在你的脸颊上吻了一下，什么都不会比这更好。”）可知，骑行让Boettner感到了满足感。故选D。

4.

根据第五段内容(奥勒·卡斯索（OleKassow）创立了“无年龄骑行”（CyclingWithoutAge），他说这就是该项目的价值所在。他告诉哥伦比亚广播公司：“这些自行车的真正强大之处在于，它们将人们和故事联系在一起，创造新的关系。在我的友谊中，以及在任何年龄段建立新关系的能力，都是美好生活的定义，通常也是幸福长寿的定义。”)可知，本文主要讲述“无年龄骑行”通过组织人们一起骑自行车把陌生人变成朋友，让陌生人之间在骑行的过程中体会到了幸福感。所以B选项“成为别人云中的彩虹”，符合题意。故选B。

8~11.【答案】A、A、D、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍减肥并不能解决所有的健康问题。

1.

根据第一段中的Hittherightnumber,andallyourhealthproblemswillmagicallyresolve,sothelogicgoes.Yetincreasingly,scienceisrevealingthatlosingweightmaynotbe

asilverbullet

afterall.（按理说，打对了数字，你所有的健康问题都会神奇地解决。然而，越来越多的科学研究表明，减肥可能并不是万能的。）可知，上下文是转折关系，减肥不能解决所有的健康问题，所以asilverbullet的意思是指“有效的解决办法”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。

2.

根据第二段内容（研究人员对高脂肪饮食11周的小鼠进行了实验，使它们体重增加。然后，给小鼠喂食低脂食物9周，使其体重减轻。另一组小鼠只吃低脂饮食作为对照。研究人员向溜溜球减肥小鼠和对照小鼠的眼睛发射激光，以促进非典型血管生长，这是黄斑变性的标志。）可知，研究人员通过对比的方法进行的实验。故选A。

3.

根据第三段中的Theresultssuggestthateatingahigh-fatdietthatcausesweightgain,eveniffollowedbyweightloss,leavesaninflammatorymarkonmousemacrophages.（研究结果表明，食用高脂肪饮食会导致体重增加，即使随后体重下降，也会在小鼠巨噬细胞上留下炎症标记。）可知，减肥并不能解决与体重增加相关的炎症。故选D。

4.

根据最后一段内容（这项研究正值人们对抗肥胖药物重新产生兴趣的时期。但帮助人们减肥的药物并不能治疗与体重增加相关的炎症。研究负责人巴帕特说：“如何将这些发现与医学干预相结合是一个挑战。”）可知，接下来他们要研究治疗肥胖相关的炎症。故选C。

12~15.【答案】B、B、B、D【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。密歇根大学通过模仿自然的光合作用，开发了一种新型太阳能电池板，它能高效地将水转化为氢。

1.

根据第二段前两句Butthebiggestbenefitisdrivingdownthecostofsustainablehydrogen.Thisisenabledbyreducingthesizeofthesemiconductor(半导体),typicallythemostexpensivepartofthedevice.（但最大的好处是降低了可持续氢的成本。这是通过减小半导体的尺寸实现的，半导体通常是设备中最昂贵的部分。）可知，导致持续氢的低成本的原因是半导体的尺寸更小了。故选B。

2.

根据第四段第一句Thenewtechnologyhastwoadvances.（这项新技术有两个进步。）和第五段第一句Andthesecondisusingboththehigherenergypartofthesolarspectrum(光谱)tobreakdownwaterandthelowerpartofthespectrumtoprovideheatthatencouragesthereaction.（第二个进步是利用太阳光谱的高能量部分来分解水，并利用光谱的低能量部分提供热量来促进反应。）可知，这项新技术（新的太阳能电池板）的一个优势是创造性利用太阳光谱。故选B。

3.

根据第四段第一句Thenewtechnologyhastwoadvances.（这项新技术有两个进步。）和第五段第一句Andthesecondisusingboththehigherenergypartofthesolarspectrum(光谱)tobreakdownwaterandthelowerpartofthespectrumtoprovideheatthatencouragesthereaction.（第二个进步是利用太阳光谱的高能量部分来分解水，并利用光谱的低能量部分提供热量来促进反应。）可知，这项新技术（新的太阳能电池板）的一个优势是创造性利用太阳光谱。故选B。

4.

通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句Anewkindofsolarpanel,developedattheUniversityofMichigan,hasachievedhighefficiencyintransformingwaterintohydrogenandoxygen—imitatingacrucialstepinnaturalphotosynthesis.（密歇根大学开发的一种新型太阳能电池板已经实现了高效地将水转化为氢和氧——模仿了自然光合作用的一个关键步骤。）和第四段最后一句Hydrogenproducedbyourtechnologycouldbeverycheap.（“用我们的技术生产氢气可能会非常便宜。”）可知，本文主要讲了利用太阳能将水转化为氢和氧（本文重点强调了氢），且利用这个技术生产的氢非常便宜。D项（通过太阳能发电更便宜的氢。）作为标题，可以概括本文主旨。故选D。

16~20.【答案】E、A、D、B、G【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究称，像许多人类一样，蜜蜂也有数字排序能力，似乎更喜欢从左到右排列它们的数字。

1.

根据上文Likemanyhumans,honeybeesseemtoprefertheirnumbersorderedfromlefttoright,anewstudyclaims.（一项新的研究称，像许多人类一样，蜜蜂似乎更喜欢从左到右排列它们的数字。）可知，研究表明蜜蜂也和人类一样，蜜蜂大脑中也有这样一个“心理数轴”。所以E项（这表明蜜蜂有一条“心理数轴”。）符合语境。故选E。

2.

根据上一句Usingsugarwater,...one,threeorfive.（他用糖水引导蜜蜂进入一个用酒盒改造而成的测试蜜蜂屋。对于每只蜜蜂，他在盒子的背面挂了一块镶板，上面有一定数量的符号——一个、三个或五个。）及下一句Sothey'dlearntoassociatethenumberwithfood.（所以它们会学会把数字和食物联系起来。）可知，前面他在板子上写上数字教蜜蜂认识数字，后面蜜蜂学会把数字和食物连起来，由此推测，中间空上应该是喂食物，结合前面“Usingsugarwater”，所以A项（然后他喂它们糖水。）符合语境。故选A。

3.

根据上一段末句Byvaryingwhatthesymbolslookedlikebetweenvisits,heensuredthebeeswerelearningthenumberitselfandnotcertainshapesorarrangements.（通过在两次访问之间改变数字符号的样子，他确保蜜蜂学习的是数字本身，而不是特定的形状或排列。）可知，实验过程中训练蜜蜂多次；及结合下文Giurfaremovedthetrainingpanel...fewersymbolsormore.Whichpaneldidthebeesflyto—leftorright?（Giurfa拆除了训练面板，并设置了两个镜像面板，一个在盒子的左边，一个在右边。这些新面板的符号数量要么与训练面板相同，要么更少，要么更多。蜜蜂飞向了哪个面板，左还是右？）对蜜蜂进行考试，由此可知，D项（在30次尝试之后，是时候进行测试了。）符合语境，trips呼应visits。故选D。

4.

根据下文Ofthebeestrainedon"one",

72percentflewtothe

"three"

paneltotheright,butofthebeestrainedon"five",

73percentwenttothe"three"

paneltotheleft.（在接受“一”训练的蜜蜂中，72%的蜜蜂飞到右边的“三”面板上，但在接受“五”训练的蜜蜂中，73%的蜜蜂飞到左边的“三”面板上。）可知，蜜蜂会飞到哪块板上，是以它们训练时的数为参数的。由此可知，B项（这取决于参考编号。）契合下文，符合语境。故选B。

5.

根据上文Thoughsomecognitive(认知的)powersseemtobeuniquelyhuman,..."butweareverysimilarinothers.（尽管一些认知能力似乎是人类独有的，Giurfa认为忽视动物的能力是危险的。“我们在某些方面与动物不同，”他说，“但我们在其他方面非常相似。）可知，Giurfa认为，科学证明有些动物的认知能力和人类很相似，这不容忽视，不应该否认，由此可知，G项（否认这种相似性并不能帮助我们理解我们是什么。）符合语境。故选G。

21~35.【答案】D、B、A、C、C、B、D、A、A、C、D、C、B、B、A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个医生深夜下班时骑自行车到一个医院附近的公交车站附近和一个住院的孩子用闪烁自行车灯的方法告别，孩子也闪烁病房的灯作为回应。后来这名医生坚持用这种有趣的告别方法，并且越来越多的过路人也加入进来，和医生一起闪烁自己的手电筒或手机。这是一个有趣也很暖心的关于爱的故事。

1.

句意：2010年，罗德岛州普罗维登斯赫尔利儿童医院(HurleyChildren'sHospital)的医生丹尼尔·里迪克(DanielRiddick)突发奇想，开始了这个传统。A.developed发展；开发；培养；B.survived幸存；C.continued继续，持续；D.started开始。根据下文TThenightlytraditionbecamesucha

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thatcustomersstartedjoininginwithflashlightsandcellphonestoo.及Th