2019高考英语一轮基础自练题Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour(含解析)新人教版必修4

Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour李仕才阅读理解。TheAmazonbasinregionishometoabout2.5millioninsectspecies，tensofthousandsofplants，andsome2000birdsandmammals.Todate，atleast40000plantspecies,3000fish,1294birds,427mammals,428amphibians，and378reptileshavebeenscientificallyclassifiedintheregion.OneinfiveofallthebirdsintheworldliveintherainforestsoftheAmazon.Thewarmwetforestshavebeeninexistencefor55millionyears，andthrivedevenduringglacialperiods，allowingfortheevolutionofanunbelievablediversityofspecies.Radiocarbondating(放射性碳年月测定)hasrevealedtreesof10centimeterdiametertobemorethan300yearsold，andsometreesover1000yearsold，indicatingthatuntouchedforestscanexperienceunbelievablelongevity.ThefirsthumaninhabitantsarethoughttohavesettledintheAmazonregionabout11200yearsago.Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury，bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves，killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民)．Bythelate17thcenturytheAmazonbasinwascontrolledbyPortugueseandSpanishexplorers.TheAmazonrainforesthasbeendescribedasthelungsofourplanetbecauseofitsimportantroleinrecyclingcarbondioxideintooxygen.Butduetodeforestation(采伐森林)，rainforestsnowcoverlessthan5%oftheEarth'slandsurface，andexpertsbelievethatthisisabigcontributortoglobalclimatechange.Severedeforestationbeganinthe20thcentury，with587000squarekilometerslostuptotheyear2000.Mostdeforestedlandisusedforgrasslandtoraisefarmanimalsandagriculture.Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.1．WhyarethefiguresmentionedinParagraph1?A．Toprovetheforestuntouched.B．Toclassifyspeciesscientifically.C．Toshowthediversityofspecies.D．ToattractmoreattentiontoAmazon.2．WhydidmostindigenousinhabitantsintheAmazonregiondie?A．Europeanexplorersbroughtdiseasesthere.B．Portugueseexplorerstreatedthembadly.C．Alotoftreeswerecutdownandburned.D．TheygotkilledbySpanishexplorers.3．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAmazonrainforest?A．Ithasthelargestnumberofspecies.B．Itcoversover5%ofSouthAmerica.C．Itisbecominglargerinarea.D．Itisbeingendangerednow.4．Whatmaybeincludedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Examplesofdestroyingforests.B．Measurestoprotectrainforests.C．NewsettlementsinAmazon.D．Waystostopglobalwarming.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚马逊热带雨林正面对消逝的危险。1．C目的企图题。通读全文可知，第一段提到昆虫、植物和动物等物种的数目，是为了表示亚马逊热带雨林物种的多样性。故答案选C。2．A细节理解题。Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury,bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves，killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民)．(第三段第二句)译文：十六世纪，欧洲探险家到达这里，带来了疾病，这些疾病的流传速度比探险家前行的脚步还要快，大概使多达90%的土著居民死亡。依据重点句可知，欧洲探险家把疾病带到亚马逊地域，致使大部分土著居民死亡。故答案选A。3．D推理判断题。Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.(最后一段最后一句)译文：运输路线的增添致使了定居点和滥伐丛林的增添，依据当前的速度，科学家预计亚马逊热带雨林在二十年内将减少40%。依据重点句可推知，亚马逊热带雨林正面对消逝的危险。故答案选D。4．B推理判断题。最后一段主要介绍了因为滥伐丛林，亚马逊热带雨林覆盖率在降落，正面临消逝的危险；由此可推知，文章接下来应是针对这类状况介绍怎样保护亚马逊热带雨林。故答案选B。亮点句累积：Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.(最后一段最后一句)译文：运输路线的增添致使了定居点和滥伐丛林的增添，依据当前的速度，科学家预计亚马逊2热带雨林在二十年内将减少40%。语法填空。TylerThompsonis__1__unlikelystarintheworldofPekingopera.The15-year-oldfromOaklandhasfascinatedaudiencesintheUSandChinawithhisability__2__(sing)pitch-perfectMandarin(一般话)andperformtheancientChineseartform.Theteen,__3__isblackandonlyspeakssomebasicChinese,hasbeenpraisedbyteacherssincehe__4__(pick)upthemusicasakindergartener.“Assoonasheopens__5__(he)mouthandsingsinChinese,theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelveryproudofhim，”saidhismusicteacher.“Whenheputsonthecostumeandalltheacting,youcanseethatheisprettygood.”Tylerhaslearnedtosingseveralwell-knownpiecesofPekingopera,acenturies-oldformofmusicaltheater__6__(know)foritshighlystructuredcostumes,changinggongs(锣)andcymbals(钹),wide-rangingvoicesandhighlystylized__7__(move).Tylergot__8__(stand)cheerswhenheperformed__9__JusticeBao,afamousSongDynastyjudgewhofoughtcorruption,fromtheChineseclassicBaoQingTian.“Themusicisverybeautiful,andit'sverypassionate，”saidTyler.“It'smademe__10__(want)toknowmoreabouttheworldoutsideofAmericaorCaliforniaorOakland.”1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个善于表演京剧的外国青少年的故事。1．an考察冠词。star是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表泛指；形容词unlikely的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。2．tosing考察非谓语动词。abilitytodosth.“做某事的能力”，为固定搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。3．who考察定语从句的指引词。所填关系词指引非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Theteen，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。4．picked考察动词的时态。since意为“自从”，指引状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，主句用此刻达成时。5．his考察代词。依据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句子中作定语。6．known考察非谓语动词。know和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且know和其逻辑主语Pekingopera是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。7．movements考察词性变换。依据and可知，此处与名词voices响应，应用所给词的名3词的复数形式，即movements。8．standing考察形容词。由空后的名词cheers可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，standing意为“站着进行的”，表示Tyler获得了(观众的)起立喝彩。9．as考察介词。此处as意为“作为”，后跟名词、代词或动名词，与performed响应，表示饰演的角色，切合语境。10．want考察非谓语动词。makesb.dosth.“让某人做某事”，应用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，故填want。***完形填空。Iusedtobelievecourtesy(礼仪)wasathingofthepast.VeryseldomhaveIcomeacross1humanbeingsinthismoderneraoftheso-calledGenerationX.Recently，Ihadtochangemythinking，whenIcame2withjustsuchahumanbeing.Ihadgonetoafashionable3place，withmytwo4.Theplacewascrowdedwiththeusual5crowdandwehadtoclimbasteepflightofstairsinordertofinda(n)6table.Afterenjoyingcoffeeandsnacks，wewereatthesteepdescent(下来)downthestairs，wherethe7spacemadeclimbingdownverydifficult，withhardlyanyspaceforanotherpersontoclimbuporcomedown.8Iwasinthemiddleofmydescent，aman9themainentranceoftherestaurantwhichwasrightinfrontofthe10.IwassureIwouldbe11roughlybythismanwhowantedtogoupinahurry.I12comingdownasfastasIcould，holdingontothebanister(栏杆)．Mydaughterswerealreadydown，13meworriedly，hopingIwouldreachthemsoon.Nearlyreachingthem，Inoticedtheman14standingnearthedoor.Ireachedmydaughtersand15thestrangerattheentrancedoorwhichhekeptholdingopen.Ilookedbackthinkinghewasstill16thedoor，decidingwhethertogoinorfindanotherlesscrowdedplace.I17himgoingupthestairs，twoatatime.Itoldmydaughtersaboutitandallthreeofusfelt18thatwedidnoteventhankthegentlemanwhowas19holdingthedooropenforusladiestopassthroughbeforegoingup.Weapplaudedhisgoodmannersfor20，waitingforustocomedownbeforegoinguphimselfandalsoholdingthemainentrancedooropenforustogoout.Tilldate，Irememberthisgentleman.【解题导语】本文是一篇记述文。在拥堵的咖啡馆，一位特别有礼貌的绅士向来在门口等4作者下楼并开着门以方便作者她们出去，以后自己才上楼。作者对这一行为表示了感谢与欣赏。1．A.politeB．educatedC．stubbornD．honestA分析：A项意为“有礼貌的”；B项意为“受过教育的”；C项意为“执拗的”；D项意为“诚实的”。依据第一段第一句中的“courtesy(礼仪)wasathingofthepast”可知，“我”极少遇到有礼貌的人。应选A。2．A.necktoneckB．handinhandC．facetofaceD．stepbystep分析：A项意为“齐驱并驾，不分上下”；B项意为“手挽手”；C项意为“当面”；D项意为“逐渐地，逐渐地”。依据下文内容可知，“我们”是当面遇到的。应选C。3．A.fishB．fruitC．coffeeD．flowerC分析：依据下文中的“Afterenjoyingcoffeeandsnacks”可知，“我”去了一个咖啡馆。应选C。4．A.colleaguesB．daughtersC．friendsD．studentsB分析：依据第三段最后一句中的“Mydaughterswerealreadydown”可知，“我”带着两个女儿。应选B。5．A.angryB．worriedC．nervousD．loudD分析：依据上文中的“Theplacewascrowded”可推测，这个地方人多喧闹。D项意为“喧杂的”，切合语境。应选D。6．A.emptyB．woodenC．cleanD．window分析：A项意为“空的”；B项意为“木制的”；C项意为“洁净的”；D项意为“窗户”。依据上文中的“crowded”以及“我们”上楼梯可知，“我们”是为了找寻一个空桌。应选A。7．A.openB．vastC．privateD．narrow分析：A项意为“宽阔的”；B项意为“巨大的”；C项意为“个人的”；D项意为“狭窄的”。依据下文中的“madeclimbingdownverydifficult，withhardlyanyspaceforanother5persontoclimbuporcomedown”可知，楼梯很狭小，所以下楼很困难。应选D。8．A.UnlessB．WheneverC．AsD．Since分析：句意为：当我下楼梯下到一半时，一个人走进了餐厅依据上下分句之间的关系可知，此处应用as指引时间状语从句，意为“当时”。应选C。9．A.leftB．enteredC．noticedD．ignoredB分析：依据语境可知，这人应是走进餐厅的正门。应选B。10．A.tableB．crowdC．restaurantD．stairsD分析：依据上下文语境可知，餐厅的正门就在楼梯的前面。应选D。11．A.pushedB．liftedC．pressedD．placed分析：A项意为“推”；B项意为“举起”；C项意为“挤压”；D项意为“搁置”。依据语境可知，因为楼梯很狭小，所以“我”认为这个男人上楼时一定会鲁莽地挤“我”。应选A。12．A.stoppedB．keptC．avoidedD．suggestedB分析：依据语境可知，为了防止被挤，“我”尽可能地持续下楼梯。keepdoingsth.意为“持续做某事”，切合语境。应选B。13．A.lookingafterB．lookingaroundC．lookingdownonD．lookingupat分析：A项意为“照料”；B项意为“朝周围看”；C项意为“看不起”；D项意为“向上看，仰头看”。依据本句中的“Mydaughterswerealreadydown”可知，女儿们已经下楼，“我”还在楼梯上，所以，女儿们应是仰头看“我”。应选D。14．A.oftenB．seldomC．stillD．evenC分析：依据语境可知，“我”快下完楼时，这个男人还站在门口。应选C。15．A.passedB．struckC．helpedD．scolded分析：句意为：我到达女儿们旁边，与这个陌生男人在门口擦肩而过，而他向来为我们6开着门。应选A。16．A.onB．atC．inD．beyondB分析：此处表示“在门口”，应用介词at。应选B。17．A.heardB．preventedC．sawD．caughtC分析：依据上文中的“Ilookedback”可知，此处表示“我”看到的情景。应选C。18．A.ashamedB．happyC．relievedD．surprised分析：A项意为“感觉内疚(或遗憾)的”；B项意为“快乐的”；C项意为“松了一口气的”；D项意为“惊讶的”。依据本句中的“wedidnoteventhankthegentleman”可知，“我们”因没有感谢这位先生而感觉遗憾。应选A。19．A.graduallyB．actuallyC．finallyD．immediatelyB分析：依据上文语境可知，“我”原认为这个男人等在门口是在决定是进去仍是找寻另一个人少的地方，此刻知道他其实是在为“我们”开着门，等“我们”出去。B项意为“实质上，事实上”，切合语境。应选B。20．A.allB．eitherC．noneD．bothD分析：下文介绍了这个人两个有礼貌的行为，所以此处应用both，意为“二者都”。应选D。***短文改错。Asthesayinggoes,chancefavoredthepreparedmind.Ilearnedthisfromoneofmyexperience.Iwasnotchosenasmemberofthevolleyballteamofourschool.Becauseofthis,Idecidedtogiveupplayvolleyball.Luckily,mybestfriendstoppedmebutpointedoutthatitwasmylazinessandpoorpreparationwhichledtomyfailure.Afterthat,Ipracticedplayingvolleyballoneveryday.Whenanotherchanceoftryingoutarrived,Iwasfullpreparedandtriedmybest.Asaresult,Iwasselectedandbecameanimportantplayeronourschooltea