2021-2022年四川省广元市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2021-2022年四川省广元市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Inordertosaveresources,sustainablecommunitiesencouragepeopleto______.

A.usetelecommutingmethodstocontactfriends

B.cookathomeinsteadofoutsidetoavoidairpollution

C.integratethefunctionofworkingandlivingfortheirhome

D.forbiddrivingwithinthesustainablecommunities

2.

Therearethousandsofspeechvarietiesintheworld.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.Themeaningofbuzzwords,iftheyhave,isbasedonconnotationsinsteadof______.

4.Feldmancitedtheexampleofwildanimalstoshowthat______.

A.wildanimalsaregoodatprotectingtheirlife

B.deceivingformedintheprocessofevolution

C.humanbeingslieinthesamewayasanimals

D.modernpeoplearemoreselfishthananimals

5.WhichisoneoftheservicesofferedbyKelly?

A.TomakesureyourCVmeetstherequirements.

B.TohelpfilltheCVonline.

C.TohelphandyourCVtothecompanies.

D.Toestablishatimetableforyou.

6.ThegeneralviewofEuropeislikelytochangefromcultivatedfarm-landtogrowingshrubsandforestswithspecies-poorwildlifesuchaswildcats,bears,deerandwolves.

7.

FACESbringstogetherstudentsbothfromChinaandStanfordtogetherinAmericaeveryyear.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

ThebookThePlayofPowerisnotdifficulttoread,sinceitisnot______.

9.CommonFaultsandEyeMovement

Thereareanumberofbadhabitswhichpoorreadersadopt.Mostoftheseinvolveusingextrabodymovementinthereadingprocess.Inefficientreading,themusclesoftheeyeshouldmaketheonlyexternalmovement.Ofcoursetheremustbevigorousmentalactivity,butextrabodymovements,suchaspointingwiththefingerormovingthelips,donothelpreadingandoftenslowitdown~

POINTINGATWORDS

Afaultthatisoftenseenwhenstudentsaretryingtoconcentrateispointingtothewordswithafinger,pencilorruler.Youngchildrenandverypoorreadersoftenpointwithafingerateachwordinmm.Slightlymorematurereaderssometimesholdapencilorrulerunderneaththelinewhichtheyarereading.Whilemarkingthelinemightbehelpfulforbeginningreaders,itiscertainlyunnecessaryfornormalreaders.Besidesslowingdownthereaderthrough-themeremechanicalmovementofpencil,ruler,orfinger,pointingatlinesorwordstendstocausethestudenttofocushisattentiononthewrongthing.Theimportantthingtoconcentrateonwhilereadingistheidea.thattheauthoristryingtocommunicate,andnotthelocationofthewordsonthepage.Theeyesofanychildoldenoughtolearnhowtoreadarecertainlyskillfulenoughtobeabletofollowalineofprintwithoutextrahelpfromfingersorrulers.

Anothercommonfaultthatiseasilyobservedisheadmovement.Thismostoftenoccurswhenstudentsarenervousabouttheirreadingortryinghard,asduringareadingspeedtest.Withheadmovementthestudenttriestoaimhisnoseatthewordheisreadingsothatashereadsacrossthelinehisheadturnsslightly.Whenhemakesthereturnsweeptobeginanewlinehisheadquicklyturnsbacksothathisnoseispointedattheleft-handmargin,andhecannowbegintoreadthenewlinebyslowlyturninghishead.Thebeliefthatthisheadmovementaidsreadingispurenonsense.Eyemusclesarequitecapableofshiftingtheeyesfromwordtoword,andtheyneednohelpfromneckmuscles.

Oftenstudentsarequiteunawarethattheyaremovingtheirheadswhilereadingandtheyneedtoberemindedbytheteachernottodoit.

VOCALIZATION

Vocalizationisanotherfault.Somepoorreadersthinkitnecessarytopronouncealoudeachwordasitisread.Usuallythispronunciationisquitesoft,sothatthestudentismorewhisperingtohimselfthanactuallyreadingaloud,buteventhisisveryundesirable.Thechiefdisadvantageofpronouncingwordswhileyoureadthemisthatittendstotiereadingspeedtospeakingspeed,andthesilentreadingofmostnormalreadersisnearlytwiceasfastastheirspeaking.Usuallythisfaultcanbeeliminatedinolderstudentsbytheirownconsciouseffort,possiblywiththeaidofafewremindersfromtheteacher.

Vocalizationbybeginningreadersisacommonfault;afterareaderreachessomematurityitbecomesveryundesirable.

Vocalizationtakesvariousmodifiedforms.Sometimesareaderwillmerelymovehislipssoundlessly.Atothertimeshemaymaketongueorthroatmovementswithoutlipmovement.Stirotherreaderswillhaveactivitygoingonintheirvocalcords,whichcanbedetectedbythestudentifheplaceshisfingersalongsidehisvocalcordsinthethroatwhileheisreading.Vocalcordvibrationcanbefeltwiththefingersquiteeasily.Liketruevocalization,theseminorpartsof"subvocalization"—lipmovement,tongueorthroatmovementandvocalcordmovement—canbestoppedbyconsciouseffortofthestudent.

SUBVOCALIZATION

Subvocalizationisthemostdifficultofalltypesofvocalization.Insubvocalizationthereisnobodymovement.Thelips,tongueorvocalcordsdonotmove.Butaninnertypeofspeechpersists:withinthestudent'smindheissayingeachwordtohimself,clearlyprono

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Theproblemoflonelinessforkidswithnofriendscanbesolvedby______.

11.

Asforthemedicationofsomeseveresymptoms,someexpertsdoubtabouttherushandhavequestioned______

12.

Generally,itishardtostudyemotionsbecause______.

13.

Commonsenseprinciplesareappliedtothedesignoftoasters,lawnmowersandmobilephonesto______.

14.

Accordingtothepassage,thekeyto"findtimetoread"is______.

15.

Thegreenhouseeffectissuretocauseahigherglobaltemperaturenextcentury.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

TheHy-Wire,ahydrogenfueledcarproducedbyGM,iscontrolledthrough______.

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheuntreatedindustrialchemicalwastesfromthepassage?

A.Theycanconservethenormalbiologicalactionofrivers.

B.Theyallreactwithwatertoincreasetheacidityofrivers.

C.Theymakethewatercorrosiveenoughtodestroylivingorganisms.

D.Therearenorulesforconcentrationsofunquestionablytoxicchemicalsofdrinkingwater.

18.Whichofthefollowingprovidesdinnercruisesnow?

A.ThePotomacRiver

B.BostonHarbor

C.TheChicagoRiver

D.TheMississippiRiver

19.

Thewindsarethestrongestintheeyeofahurricane.

20.

Inordertorightthewrongbyfurtherhonoringthesepeople,acampaignisbeinglaunchedto______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Everyculturehasitsownbodylanguage,andchildrenabsorbitsnuancesalongwiththespokenlanguage.AFrenchmantalksandmovesinFrench.ThewayanEnglishmancrosseshislegis【B1】______likethewayamaleAmericandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromothercultures,thebodylanguagesometimeshelpstomakethecommunicationeasyand【B2】______,suchasshakinghandsissucha【B3】______gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthatitisasignforgreeting.Butsometimesthebodylanguagecancausecertain【B4】______sincepeopleofdifferentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsofbehavior.forsendingthesamemessageorhavedifferentinterpretationstowardsthesamebody【B5】______.Noddingone'sheadisgenerallyB6【B6】______toshowagreement"Yes",buttoNepalese,SriLankans,someIndiansandsomeEskimos,itmeansnot"yes",but"no".Whenastudentinconversationwithaprofessorholdstheolderman'seyesalittlelongerthanasusual,itcanbeasignofrespectandaffection;itcanbea【B7】______challengetotheprofessor'sauthority;oritcanbesomethingelse【B8】______.

【B9】______,weneednotonlyknow【B10】______.Inotherwords,ifwewanttocommunicatewithpeopleofotherculturesmoresuccessfully,weneednotonlybeabletousetheverballanguageappropriately,butalsobeabletouse【B11】______.

【B1】

22.(26)

A.Iftheexpensesarepaidforhim.

B.Iftheywillnotlastlong.

C.Ifheisspeciallyinvited.

D.Iftheyareheldlocally.

23.听力原文：W:Wenowinterruptourregularschedulednewsprogramto(22)bringyouliveup-to-datecoverageonthecivilunrestinthenewlyformedcountryofKarnak,whereourmanStanFieldingisstationed.Stan...

M:ThisisStanFieldingreportinglivefromthesuburbsofthecapitalcity.Just20minutesago,rebelforceslaunchedthebiggestoffensiveagainsttherulinggovernmentinthe18-monthconflicthereinthiscountry.

W:Now,Stan,isthisasignthatthepeaceprocesshastotallyabandoned?

M:Well,sofar,(23)peacenegotiationshavefailed,andanyresolutiontoendthecivilwarappearsbleakatthismoment.Asyoucansee...whoa.

W:Stan,Stan,areyouthere?

M:Uh,yes.Shelly.Asyoucanprobablyhearbehindme,rebelforcesarealsousingheavyartillerytopoundthepositionsofgovernmentforcesaroundthecitycentrer.Rebelforcesareclosingin,and(24)it'sfearedthattheywillbeabletotakethecapitalbuildingbeforedaybreakwhere,itisbelieved,manygovernmentofficialsareholdingout.

W:Now,besidestheheavyfighting,whatotherpressingconcernsarethereforthecitizensofthecity?

M:well,sincethebeginningoftheconflict,(25)starvation,andlackofcleanwaterandadequateshelterhavebeenthebiggestdailyobstaclesfacingthecitizensofthiswar-torncountry.Itisbelievedthatover40000people,mostlychildren,havestarvedtodeath.Fortunately.noepidemicshavebrokenout,butthatisalwaysaconcernifthiswarlingerson.

W:Okay,thatwasStanFieldingreporting.Andwewillkeepyouup-to-dateasthisstorycontinuestounfold.

(23)

A.ThelatestdevelopmentsofanarmedrebellioninKarnak.

B.ThefallofKarnak'scapitalcityintothehandsoftherebelforces.

C.TheepidemicthathasjustbrokenoutinthecountryofKarnak.

D.ThepeacetalksbetweentherebelsandthegovernmentinKarnak.

24.

【B2】

25.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M：I'venevertastedsuchtastysoup．IwishIhadtherecipeandI'dlovetobeabletomakeitmyself．

W：It'seasytomakeitaslongasyougetallingredientsinsupermarkethere.Letmegetapencilandpaper．

Q：Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?

(12)

A.Gotothesupermarkettogettheingredients.

B.Sharewiththemanhowshemakesthefood.

C.Callthesupermarketfortherecipe.

D.Gotothesupermarkettobuyapencilandpaper.

26.听力原文：M:Bytheway,Jane,didyoutalktotheconsultantaboutourhealthprogram?

W:Icontactedhisoffice,buthissecretarysaidhewouldbeoutforlunchuntiltwo.

Q:WhatdoestheWomanmean?

(14)

A.Shecouldn'ttalktotheconsultantbeforetwo.

B.Shewouldtalktotheconsultantduringlunch.

C.Shecouldn'tcontacttheconsultant'ssecretary.

D.Shetalkedwiththeconsultantaboutthenewprogramuntiltwo.

27.(35)

A.Bonestructure.

B.Smellability.

C.Birthmode.

D.Recoverabilityagainstdisease.

28.(36)

A.ItisdifficultforpeoplelivinginaStoneAgeculturetomoveintoamodernworld.

B.Inventionisanewideatomodernpeople.

C.Wehumanbeingshaveabilitiestosolvesuchproblemsaswarandpollution.

D.Whatweneedisdemandsfromotherstoworkforabetterfuture.

29.

【B7】

30.

【B9】

31.(28)

A.Theyarefilledwithadvertisements.

B.Theyareinterruptedbyadvertisingmessages.

C.Theymustbeinterestingtohugegroupsofpeople.

D.Theycanbeinterestingonlytosmallgroupsofpeople.

32.听力原文：About25millionchildrenindevelopingcountrieshavenohomes.Sotheyliveoncitystreets.Another75millionchildrenliveathomebutworkonthestreets.UnitedNationsChildren'sFundsaysmostofthesechildrendonotreceiveeducationorhealthcare.Theprivateorganizationknownas"ChildHopeU.S.A."istryingtodosomethingtohelpthesechildren.

Thegrouphasmanygoals.ChildHopeU.S.A.wantstohaltthespreadofAIDSandtheuseofillegaldrugsamongchildren.Itwantstoprotectyounggirlsfrombeingmistreatedsexually.Itwantstoteachchildrenhowtoprotectthemselves,howtosurviveconditionsonthestreetsandhowtofeelgoodaboutthemselves.ChildHopeU.S.A.istryingtoestablisheducationalprogramsforthechildren.Itisworkingwithlocalgroupstogettheirhelpinprotectingtherightsofstreetchildren.And,itistryingtomakeinternationaldevelopmentgroupsmoreinformedaboutstreetchildren.

Somechildrenbeginlivingonthestreetswhentheyarefiveyearsoldoryounger.Four-year-oldscanbefoundsellinggoodsonthestreetcornerorbeggingforfoodandmoney.Someofthesechildrenhavelosttheirfamiliesbecauseofwarsornaturaldisasters,suchasearthquakesandfloods.Somearehelpingtheirfamiliesearnenoughmoneytosurvive.StudiesshowthatmorethanonemillionchildrenliveandworkonthestreetsinthePhilippines.SevenmillionchildrenliveonthestreetsinBrazil.About250thousandchildrenliveonthestreetsinMexico.AbouttenmillionMexicanchildrenworkonthestreets.

ChildHopeU.S.A.workscloselywithinternationalchildren'sgroups,governmentagenciesandothernationalandlocalgroups.IthasofficesinBrazil,Guatemala,thePhilippines,Britain,CanadaandtheUnitedStates.ChildHopeU.S.A.alsoworkstoimprovechildlaborlaws.In1992,Pakistanapprovednewlawstocontrolchildlabor.Thelawsmakeitillegalforcompaniestolendmoneytofamiliesandletchildrenrepaytheloanbyworkinginfactories.Yet,abouteightmillionchildrenarestillworkinginPakistantorepayloans.Wewilltakemoreabouttheproblemsofchildrenindevelopingcountriesnextweek.

(33)

A.Governmentfunded.

B.Private.

C.Political.

D.Noneoftheabove.

33.

【B11】

34.听力原文：M:Alice,I'mthinkingofwearinganewsuitsothatIcanleaveagoodimpressionwithyourfamily.

W:It'sonlyafamilyreunion,sojeansandT-shirtarejustOK.

Q:Whatistrueaccordingtotheconversation?

(18)

A.Themanwillbuyanewsuitforthefamilyreunion.

B.Themanwantstoleave,agoodimpressionwiththewoman.

C.Casualclothesareenoughforafamilyreunion.

D.BothsuitandT-shirtarenecessaryforthefamilyreunion.

35.【B11】

36.(41)

37.听力原文：W:Oh,dear!I'mabouttorunoutofmoney.Howam1supposedtogetthroughthenexttwoweekstothismonth?IfonlyIhadamillionairehusband!

M:Don'tworry.Hereisa"Helpwanted"ad.Youwillprovetobetherightpersonforthem.

W:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(15)

A.Thewomanshouldapplyfortheadvertisedjob.

B.Thewomancanhelphimwithhisworkinthenexttwoweeks.

C.Heistherightpersontohelphertopostanad.

D.Hecanfindabetterpayingjobforthewoman.

38.(31)

A.Reducethecostofasilencer.

B.Makeasilencerunnecessary.

C.Improvetheperformanceofasilencer.

D.Makeacarquieter.

39.(19)

A.Thewomanwillattendhercourseat7:45.

B.Thewomanwillbelateforthebloodtest.

C.Thewomanwillhaveherbloodtestedbeforethefirstclass.

D.Thewomandecidestomissthefirstclassforherbloodtest.

40.(32)

A.1.3seconds.

B.Eightminutes.

C.Alife'stime.

D.Aboutfouryears.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

TheFiatgrouptookallthemeasurestorescuethefirmEXCEPTfor______.

A.regainingcreditfromthebanks

B.shrinkingitsannualproduction

C.cuttingdowntheemployees

D.appointingnewbosses

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchvirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter--orworse--partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantlandleavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.Howeveruntilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat--orevenonlysomewhatoverweight--isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverwightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldiseases.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem--toomuchfatandalackoffiber--thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllifestyle.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory(虚荣).

Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor______.

A.hastogoonadiet

B.couldstillpreventherselfform.goingoffthetrack

C.hastoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes

43.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodandclothing,and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,go]d,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon.TheUSisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehadvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.Somecountriesareperhapswelloffinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonshavebeenunabletodeveloptheirresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry'speople.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.

Acountry'sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry'swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,providedthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.

Thestandardoflivinginacountryisdeterminedby______.

A.itsgoodsandservice

B.thetypeofwealthproduced

C.howwellitcancreatewealth

D.whatanordinarypersoncanshare

44.

【C4】

45.

Accordingtothepassage,asenseofhumor______.

A.canbereflectedinmanyways

B.canmakeusavoidmakingmistakes

C.helpsusleadamorehealthylife

D.remindsusoftheexistenceoftragedy

46.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Sleepisthesolutionforalltypesoffatigue.

B.Psychologicallyhealthypeopledonotsufferfromfatigue.

C.Changingyourdietcannotcurepsychologicalfatigue.

D.Youwon'tbecomefatiguedifyouaredoingsomethingyouenjoy.

47.

The"whole-word"approachtoreadingwhichmorestressesthemeaningofwords,decoding,anddevelopingasightvocabularycouldbeusedfor______.

48.

Whichofthefollowinghasbeendonebytheauthorhimself?

A.Buyingthemedicalequipment.

B.Findingthelandandtheoffice.

C.Decoratingthebuildingthatwouldbecometheclinic.

D.Gettingaspeciallicensefortheretireddoctors.

49.

【C5】

50.AccordingtoAIRiesPepsiissosuccessfulbecauseit______.

A.wouldliketospendbillionsofmoneyonthepromotionofitsproducts

B.hastwiceasmanyadvertisingexpertstoturntoforconsultation

C.isalwayschangingitsimagetocatertothetasteoftheyoungpeople

D.canmakeeffectiveuseoffamousstarspopularwiththeyoungpeople

51.

Accordingtothepassage,ifapersonneverforgot.

A.hewouldsurvivebest

B.hewouldhavealotoftrouble

C.hisabilitytolearnwouldbeenhanced

D.theevolutionofmemorywouldstop

52.WhichstatementisTRUEaboutpopulationincrease?

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfrom1975totheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesarebornannuallyatpresent.

C.Between8000B.C.andthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000B.C.and1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

53.

Whydigagriculture,whichwaspreviouslyresistedviolently,finallyprevailamongthepastoralnomadsasawayoflife?

54.Publicrelationsismanagementfunctionthatcreates,develops,andcarriesoutpoliciesandprogramstoinfluencepublicopinionorpublicreactionaboutanidea,aproduct,oranorganization.Thefieldofpublicrelationshasbecomeanimportantpartoftheeconomic,socialandpoliticalpatternoflifeinmanynations.Thatfieldincludesadvertising,promotionalactivities,andpresscontact.Publicrelationsalsoexistsatthesametimeinbusinesswithmarketingandmerchandisingtocreatetheclimateinwhichallsellingfunctionsoccur.

Publicrelationsactivitiesinthemodernworldhelpinstitutionstocopesuccessfullywithmanyproblems,tobuildprestigeforanindividualoragroup,topromoteproducts,andtowinelections.Themajorityofpublicrelationsworkersarestaffemployeesworkingwithinacorporateorinstitutionalframework.Othersoperateinpublicrelationscounselingfirms.

Inindustry,publicrelationspersonnelkeepmanagementinformedofchangesintheopinionsofvariouspublics(thatis,thegroupsofpeoplewhosesupportisneeded):employees,stockholders(股东),customers,suppliers,dealers,thecommunity,andthegovernment.Theseprofessionalscounselmanagementastotheimpactofanyactionorlackofactiononthebehavior.fthetargetaudiences.Onceanorganizationaldecisionhasbeenmade,thepublicrelationspersonhasthetaskofcommunicatingthisinformationtothepublicusingmethodsthatpromoteunderstanding,anddesiredbehavior.Forexample,ahospitalmerger,anindustrialplantclosing,ortheintroductionofanewproductallrequirepublicrelationsplanningandskill.

Publicrelationsactivitiesareamajorpartofthepoliticalaffairsinmanynations.Politiciansseekingoffice,governmentagenciesseekingacceptanceandcooperation,officialsseekingsupportfortheirpolicies,andforeigngovernmentsseekingaidandalliesabroadallmakeextensiveuseofcounselingservicesprovidedbypublicrelationsspecialists.

Publicrelationsalsoplayanimportantroleintheentertainmentindustry.Thetheater,motionpictures,sports,restaurants,andindividualsallusepublicrelationsservicestoincreasetheirbusinessoraddtotheirimage.Otherpublicrelationsclientsareeducational,socialserviceandcharitableinstitutions,tradeunions,religiousgroups,andprofessionalsocieties.

Thesuccessfulpublicrelationspractitioner(从业者)isaspecialistincommunicationartsandpersuasion.Specializedskillsarerequiredtohandlepublicopinionresearch,mediarelations,directmailactivities,institutionaladvertising,publications,filmandvideoproduction,andspecialevents.Publicrelationsservicesaresofarvirtuallyunusedinmanydevelopingnations,buttheyarelikelytobeafuturegovernmentconcern.

InParagraphOne,theauthormainlytellsus______.

A.themethodsofpublicrelations

B.theactivitiesofpublicrelations

C.thefunctionsofpublicrelations

D.thedefinitionofpublicre