冀教版英语八上现在完成时及练习

现在完成时（一）现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词have/has＋动词的过去分词”构成。现以work为例，将现在完成时的肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句形式以及简略答语列表如下：肯定句否定句I/Youhaveworked.He/She/Ithasworked.We/You/Theyhaveworked.I/Youhavenotworked.He/She/Ithasnotworked.We/You/Theyhavenotworked.一般疑问句肯定回答否定回答HaveI/youworked?Hashe/she/itworked?Havewe/you/theyworked?Yes,I/youhave.Yes,he/she/ithas.Yes,we/you/theyhave.No,I/youhaven’t.No,he/she/ithasn’t.No,we/you/theyhaven’t.（二）现在完成时的用法1.表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already,just和yet连用。也可以和ever,never,before等连用。例如：—Haveyoufinishedyourworkyet?你已完成工作了吗？—Yes,Ihave.I’vejustfinishedit.是的，完成了。我刚刚完成。—HaveyoueverbeentoTorontobefore?你以前曾经去过多伦多吗？—No,I’veneverbeentherebefore.不，我以前从没有去过。2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。常用时间状语有：uptonow,sofar,howlong,fortwodays,sincetwodaysago.例如：I’veknownTomforthreeyears.我认识汤姆已经三年了。I’velivedheresince1995.自从1995年我就住在这儿了。（三）当有时间段时，不能用短暂性动词，要用延续性动词。例如：错误：Thegamehasbegunforfiveminutes.正确：Thegamehasbeenonfiveminutes.比赛已经开始五分钟了。（四）have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的用法区别Have/hasbeento表示“曾经去过某地”，暗含现在不在那儿。Have/hasgoneto表示“已经去过某地”。Have/hasbeenin表示“已经在某地”。例如：IhavebeentoShanghai.我去过上海。（人不在上海了）ShehasgonetoShanghai.她已经去上海了。（在上海的路上或已到上海，不在说话的地方）Mr.GreenhasbeeninChinaforthreeyears.格林先生在中国已经有三年了。中考零距离1.（2022重庆，32）Myauntisn’there.She________Shanghaionbusiness.Shewillbebackinthreedays.A.wentB.hasgoneC.hasbeentoD.willgoto2.（2022江苏南京，31）—Hello,thisisLilyspeaking.CouldIspeaktoMrBlack.—Sorry.He________theXuanwuA.hasbeentoB.wenttoC.hasgonetoD.willgoto3.（2022河北，37）HenryspeaksChineseverywell.He________inChinasince2022.A.staysB.stayedC.isstayingD.hasstayed4.（2022陕西，25）Wehavebeengoodfriends________wejoinedthesameping-pongteam.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.until5.（2022贵州贵阳，53）“WhendidyoubutthesenewCDs?”“I________themfortwodays.”A.hadB.haveboughtC.havehad解析：本题考查hasbeento和hasgoneto的用法。句意为“我姑姑不在这儿。她去上海出差了，她三天后回来。”hasbeento是去过某地，已经回来了。hasgoneto指去了某地，还没有回来。解析：句意为“——你好，我是莉莉。我可以和MrBlack通话吗？——很抱歉。他去了玄武湖公园。”hasgoneto表示已经去了某处。解析：由时间状语since2022可知，本句用现在完成时。解析：since＋一般过去时或时间点；for＋一段时间。解析：本句要用现在完成时，时间状语是时间段，因此动词要用延续性动词。及时反馈I.单项选择1.Themusicianhasn’tbeenhere_________.A.threeweeksB.sincethreeweeksC.forthreeweeksD.aboutthreeweeks2.Ihaveknownhim________.A.twoyearsB.forovertwoyearsC.twoyearsagoD.lastyear3.Wehaven’tseenhim________.A.lastweekB.forlastweekC.sincelastweekD.sinceaweek4.I_____Tomsincehewasalittleboy.A.knewB.knowC.hasknownD.haveknown5.He’sfinishedhishomework,________?A.isn’theB.hasn’theC.doesn’theD.wasn’the6.Howlong_____you______apartymember?A.have,becomeB.have,joinedC.have,beenD.have,worked7.JackhaslivedinBeijing_______hecametoChina.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.for8.I_______heresinceIwasborn.A.havelivedB.haveleftC.havebeentoD.havearrivedII.用词的适当形式填空1.—_______yourbrother________(go)toschool?—No,he________(notgo)yet.He_______(go)toschoolinamoment.2.—________you________(know)themanoverthere?—No,I________never______(see)himbefore.3.—Howlong________you________(learn)English?—I_______(learn)itfortwoyears.__________(justfinish)myhomework.5.Mysister_________(go)tostudyinthein2022.She_________(study)thereforthreeyears.6.Where_______you______(be)?I_______(be)toShanghai.答案：I.II.,gone,hasn’tgone,hasgone,known,have,seen,learnt/learned,havelearnt/learnedjustfinished,hasstudied,been,havebeen本单元交际用语时间表达法1.询问时间的常见表达方式：A.What’sthetime,please?/Whattimeisit,please?请问几点了？B.What’sthetimebyyourwatch?请问是什么时间了？C.Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?你每天早上几点起床？注意：A、B两句型常用来询问钟表所表示的具体时间点；而C句型常用来询问做某事的时间。2.表示时间的常见表达方式：A.It’seleventhirtyo’clock.十一点半了。B.It’stenpastelevennow.现在十一点十分了。C.It’stentoelevennow.现在十点五十了。D.It’shalfpastsevennow.现在七点半。E.It’stimeforschool.该上学去了。6：00six(o'clock)7：30顺读：seventhirty逆读：halfpastseven9：15顺读：ninefifteen逆读：aquarterpastnine2：45顺读：twoforty-five逆读：aquartertothree21：50顺读：twenty-onefifty(二十四小时制时刻)时刻表达法口诀时刻表达法作用大，衣食住行离不开它。整点时把点钟数打，时分俱全不好表达。请记下列几种方法：先时后分莫给弄差。若要说明几点过几分，可把past和after来抓。前分后时不能搞差，要说几点几分差，to前分后时来表达。改为同义句’stentofivenow.