职称英语详解(复习)

第一章词汇选项的必背解题技巧

第二节教材必备词汇集锦

序号选择词同义词词义

1abetteranimproved更好的

2abranchadivision分支（机构）

3aplentifulanabundant丰富的

4abandongiveup放弃

5abidebystickto坚持，遵循

6abnormalunusual不正常的

7abruptsudden突然的

8acceleratestepup加快

9acceptablysatisfactorily令人满意

10acclaimhail向...欢呼

11accountconsideration要考虑的事

12accountforexplain解释

13accumulatecollect积聚

14aircraftplanes飞机

15alleviatelessen减轻

16allocateassign分配

17allocatedistribute分配，分布

18allowpermit允许

19almostpractically几乎

20althoughwhile引导让步从句

21annoyingirritating使不愉快

22arguecontend争辩

23arisegetup起床

24arouseexcite使激动

25assemblegather聚集

26assertstatefirmly断言

27assumepostulate假定

28atanypriceforloveormoney不惜任何代价

29atstakeindanger在危险中

30attendtowaiton伺候

31attractionlure吸引

32authenticallygenuinely真正地

33banforbid禁止.

34barebarren贫瘠

35bearinginfluence相关，影响

36beatbreak打破，胜过

37beforepriorto在……之前

38broadenwiden加宽

39calloffcancel停止

40calluptelephone打电话

41carefulconscientious小心

42caterfbrmeet满足

序号选择词同义词词义

43censuscount人口普查

44certaininevitable不可避免地

45changeconvert兑换

46childishimmature幼稚

47chinaporcelain瓷器

48collaboratingcooperating合作

49collidewithruninto碰撞

50compactlydensely密集地

51compelforce迫使

52complainfeelunhappy抱怨

53comprehendunderstand理解

54confidentialsecret秘密

55consolidatestrengthen巩固

56contaminatepollute污染

57continuouslysteadily稳定地

58conventionalorthodox传统的

59copyduplicate复制

60coveragereportage覆盖；新闻报道

61criticizefindfaultwith批评

62cultivatefoster培养

63cureremedy治疗，补救

64damagingharmful有损害的

65dangerdistress危险

66dangerhazard危险，危害

67deadlyfatal致命的

68deadlylethal致命的

69decenthonest正派的

70decidemakeupone*smind打主意

71deducederive推出，演绎

72deliberatelyintentionally故意地

73demandinsiston坚持

74dependonrelyon依靠

75depictdescribe描写，描绘

76deterinhibit阻止

77dimlyfaintly昏暗地

序号选择词同义词词义

78disappearvanish消失，失踪

79discusstalkover讨论

80doctorphysician大夫

81draftformulate起草，设计

82dyingoutextinction灭绝

83effectresult结果

84elicitprovoke引起，诱发

85eligibleentitled有资格（权利）的

86encouragespur促进，激励

87endeavortry设法

88especiallyparticularly特别地

89eternaleverlasting永恒的

90exhibitshow表现，显示

91exploreinvestigate调查

92exploreprobe研究，考察

93extensivemassive大量的

94extracttakeout取出，拔出

95failomit失败

96fascinateintrigue使……着迷

97finallast最后的

98frameworkskeleton框架

99frightenedscared受惊的

100fulfillrealize实现，完成

101gainputon增加

102gangsterviolentcriminal歹徒

103gentlymildly温和地，适度地

104grasptakeholdof抓住

105hardsevere艰苦

106harnessutilize利用

107healthywholesome健康的

108immediatelyrightaway马上

109imprecisevague模糊的，不确切

110inadequatelypoorly贫乏，不足

111isolatedsolitary孤立的

112knowrealize知道

序号选择词同义词词义

113latelyrecently最近

114laughatmock取笑，嘲笑

115lawfullegal合法的

116limitedsmall小的或少的

117locationscene地点

118lookfortrytofind寻找

119manualphysical体力的

120mightyverystrong强大的，强壮的

121motivereason理由

122notablyparticularly特别

123nowandthenoccasionally时而，偶尔

124occasionallysometimes有时，偶尔

125occupantresident居民

126outcomeresult结果

127outrageousunacceptable不可接受

128phasestage阶段

129plannerprincipalorganizer组织者

130polishshine照亮

131pressingurgent紧迫的

132proposesuggest建议

133putupwithtolerate忍受

134rarelyseldom很少，不常

135readilywillingly乐意地

136recommendsuggest建议

137regardlessofwhatever不论

138regret(regretable)sorry遗憾

139remainderrest剩余物

140removetakeoff脱掉

141safesecure安全的

142settlesolve解决

143shaketremble颤抖

144shocksurprise震惊的

145speedvelocity速度

146summittopofthemountain山顶

147testtry尝试

序号选择词同义词词义

148stationarynotmoving静止的

149accountforexplain解释

150minuteslight少量

151disorderconfusion混乱

152accuseofchargewith指控

153investigatelookinto调查

154numerousmany许多

155obviousclear明显的

156oddstrange奇怪的

157participatetakepartin参加

158preservekeep保持

159previouslybefore以前

160pullupstop停止

161perceivenotice注意

162possessown拥有

163substantialsignificant重要的

164appallingdreadful令人害怕的

165anyhowanyway不管怎样

167achievedattained实现

168capabilitiesabilities责任

169inconjunctiontogether一起

170credibleconvincing令人相信的

171diligenthardworking勤奋的

172diversevaried不同的

173faultywrong错误的

174gorgeouslovely可爱的

175persistcontinue坚持

176regulatecontrol管理

177scatterseparate分开

178standpointpointofview观点

179touchingmoving令人感动的

180shabbyunfair不公平的

181uneasyunhappy不快乐的

182demolishpulldown破坏

183adverseunfavorable不利的

序号选择词同义词词义

184conciseshortandclear简明的

185courteousrespectful有礼貌的

186invaluableextremelyuseful无价的

187insanecrazy疯狂的

188exhaustiveextremelythorough彻底的

189ingeniousoriginal独创的

190eligiblequalified合格的

191vigoroushot-tempered精力充沛的

192abidebyadhereto遵守

193withoutbiascorrectly正确的

194terminateputanendto结束

第二章阅读判断的必背解题技巧

第三章概括大意与完成句子的必背解题技巧

第一节概括大意解题技巧

一、题型要求

二、解题步骤

（-）先阅读选择项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落，然后读一段话，做一道题

（二）读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改

（三）某段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项列表中划去

（四）如果答案不确定，先将可能正确的选项全部选出

（五）干扰选项的特点是，段落中未展开详细的说明

（六）如果主题句比较复杂（如复合句），应重点看主句部分

（七）如果主题句中有show和suggest等词，应重点看其后的宾语从句

（八）如果主题句是notonly…butalso句型，应重点看butalso后面的部分

（九）问句不会是主题句

（+）举例子的句子不会是主题句

（十一）正确答案应是主题句的改写，与主题句特别一致的选项应引起怀疑

（十二）如果需要阅读整个段落，应重点阅读该段落中的重点词句

第二节完成句子答题技巧

一、题型要求

二、解题步骤

（一）阅读选择项进行语法特征的判断，通过题目，优先确定几个正确答案

（-）找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落

（三）从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其他关键词确定正确答案

（四）要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致

（五）所填答案必须符合语法

（六）绝大部分的答案来自原文原词

七）答案字数不很长

（八）答案绝大部分是分词短语或句子

（九）要特别注意顺序性

第三节概括大意与完成句子基础练习

第四章阅读理解的必背解题技巧

第一节大纲要求

在试卷命题中，这些能力又进一步细分为九项技能：

1.理解明确表达的概念或细节：

2.理解隐含表达的概念或细节；通过判断句子的交际功能来理解文章;

3.辨别文章的中心思想；

4.理解作者的观点和态度；

5.猜测词和短语的意思；

6.句子层次的理解；

7.篇章层次的理解；

8.通过略读了解文章大意；

9.通过查阅寻找某一信息。

第二节如何准备职称考试阅读理解部分

一、熟悉考点

职称考试阅读部分经常会结合以下几点出题，阅读时需要把它们画下来。

（-）转折

（-）数字

（三）举例

（四）因果

很多以因果关系为考点的题目，会在原文中出现表示因果关系的提示词，常用的有以下

这些：名词basis,reason,result；介词because,for,since；连词therefore；动词leadto,

resultin,resultfrom；总结性词组allthis,thatiswhy,forthesereasons。

（五）比较

原文中的比较也是重要考点，但职称考试阅读部分中的比较更多的是出现在干扰选项

中。含有绝对意义的比较（主要指first,major和none）以及惟一性的比较（主要指。nly）

的选项大都是干扰选项。

（

第四节阅读理解教材背诵内容荟萃

25篇EattoLive

1.题目：Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

答案：D)Wehavetobegindietingfromchildhood.

2.题目：Whydoestheauthormentionanelderlymouseinparagraph2?

答案：B)Toillustratetheeffectofmeagerfoodonmice.

3.题目：Whatcanbeinferredaboutcompletelynormallyfedmicementionedinthepassage?

答案：D)Theyaremorelikelytosufferfrominflammation.

4.题目：Accordingtoauthor,whichofthefollowingmostinterestedtheresearchers?

答案：A)Themicethatstarteddietinginoldage.

5.题Fl：Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,Spindlerbelievesthat

答案：C)dietingisnotgoodmethodtogiveushealthandalonglife.

速记口诀:

为了活着吃饭

1.孩子节食不正确___________________

2.节食影响老老鼠___________________

3.正常老鼠患炎症___________________

4.节食老鼠感兴趣___________________

5.节食不是好方法[综合类C,理工类C,卫生类C]

第五篇Late-nightDrinking

1.题目：Theauthormentions"pick-me-up"toindicatethat

答案：C)coffeeisastimulant.

2.题目：Whichofthefollowingtellsushowcaffeineaffectssle即？

答案：C)Caffeinehalvesthebody'slevelsofsleephormone.

3.题目：Whatdoesparagraph3mainlydiscuss?

答案：A)Differenteffectsofcaffeinatedcoffeeanddecafonsleep.

4.题目：Whatdoestheexperimentmentionedinparagraph4prove?

答案：D)Caffeinedrinkersproducelesssleephormone.

5.题目：Theauthorofthispassageprobablyagreesthat

答案：B)Weshouldnotdrinkcoffeeaftersupper.

速记口诀：

深夜喝咖啡

1.pick-me-up刺J激物___________________

2.咖啡因减半荷尔蒙___________________

3.两种咖啡果不同___________________

4.咖啡饮者少激素___________________

5.不喝咖啡晚饭后[综合类C]

22Snowflakes

1.题目：WhatdoesProfessorLibbrechtbelievetobetrue?

答案：A)Notwosnowflakesareexactlythesameinshape.

2.题目：Whatdothesimplestsnowcrystalslooklike?

答案：D)Theyaresix-sided.

3.题El：Whatarethefactorsaffecttheshapeandgrowthrateofasnowcrystal?

答案：A)Humidityandtemperature.

4.题目：Itcanbefeltfromthedescriptioninthe2ndparagraphthattheauthor

答案：A)admiresthebeautyofthesnowflakes.

5.题目：Libbrechtisnotableto

答案：C)createsnowflakesthatareexactlyalike.

速记口诀:

雪花

1.没有雪花形相同

2.雪花晶体六边形

3.温度湿度是因素一

4.崇拜雪花的美丽—

5.完全相同不可能

_____________________[综合类A,理工类B]

23PoweringaCity?

It*saBreeze

1.题目：WhatarethesymbolsofNetherlandsaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

答案：B)Woodenshoesandwoodenwindmills.

2.题目：Whichstatementisbestdescribestheurbanturbinementionedinthesecondparagraph?

答案：B)Itisahigh-techmachinedesignedtogenerateenergyforurbanpeople.

3.题目：Thesmallestmodelsofanurbanturbine

答案：C)canbecarrieduptotherooftopwithoutacrane.

4.题目：Netherlandsleadsintheurbanturbinetechnologybecause

答案：D)Netherlandsisasmallcountrywithalargepopulation.

5.题目：Accordingtothelastparagraph,whataretheadvantagesofwindpowertechnology?

答案：D)Itcanbeusedfordifferentpurposesandinstalledinone'sbackyard.

速记口诀：

风力发电？一件轻而易举的事

1.木鞋风车表荷兰___________________

2.高科技涡轮机来造能

3.不用起重机上屋顶___________________

4.国小人多来领先___________________

5.技术优点有两处[综合类B,理工类C]

26UndergroundCoalFires—

aLoomingCatastrophe

1.题目：Accordingtothefirstparagraph,oneofthewarningsgivebythescientistsisthat

答案：C)poisonouselementsreleasedbytheundergroundfirescanpollutewatersources.

2.题目：Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whatwillhappenwhentheundergroundheatdoesnot

disappear?

答案：A)Coalheatsuponitsownandcatchesfireandbums.

3.题Fl：WhatdidStracheranalyzeinhisarticlepublishedintheInternationalJournalofCoal

Ecology?

答案：D)Coalfirescanhaveanimpactontheenvironment.

4.题目：WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutPaulVanDijkisNOTtrue?

答案：B)HehasdetectedandmonitoredundergroundfiresinNetherlands.

5.题目：Accordingtothefifthparagraph,whatisthesuggestedmethodtocontrolunderground

fires?

答案：D)Cuttingofftheoxygensupply.

速记口诀:

地下煤着火引发即将来临的灾难

1.科学家发警告，地火毒素污染水

2.有事发生因地热，煤要发热火要燃

3.S同志写文章，煤火影响大环境

4.阿P同志不正确，监测地火在荷兰

5.控制地火有方法，切断氧气供应源[综合类B,理工类C]

27DriventoDistraction

1.题目：Whichstatementistrueofthedescriptioninthefirsttwoparagraphs?

答案：C)Coyneisnotreallydrivingsoitisimpossibleforhimtohavehitthewoman.

2.题目：Whatdoresearcherswanttofindout,accordingtothethirdandfourthparagraphs?

答案：D)Alloftheabove.

3.题目：Whatarethepreliminaryresultsgiveninthefifthparagraph?

答案：C)Inchallengingdrivingsituations,driversdonothaveanyadditionalmentalenergyto

dealwithsomethingelse.

4.题目：Thesixthparagraphmainlystatethattheresearchers

答案：D)wanttodeterminethebestwaysofgivingnavigationalinformationsystem.

5.题目：Whatkindofdirectionsdomenandwomenprefer?

答案：B)Menprefermoregeneraldirectionsandwomenpreferroutedirections.

速记口诀：

分散注意力驾驶

1.Coyne驾驶不为真，撞到妇女不可能

2.三段四段找发现，三个答案全正确

3.初步结果在五段，挑战环境无能量

4.研究者决定在六段，最好方式去导航

5.女司机爱指导，男爱general女爱route

[理工类C,综合类C]

8EiffelisanEyeful

1.题目：WhydoestheauthorthinktheEiffelToweristransformedintosymbolofaworldonthe

move?

答案：B)Touristsofallnationalitiescometoscribbleonthecoldironofthetower.

2.题目：Whatseemsstrangetotheauthor?

答案：A)Visitorspreferwastingtimescribblingtoenjoyingtheview.

3.题目：WhichstatementisNOTtrueofHuguesRichard?

答案：C)Heclimbed747stepsupthetowerin19minutesand4seconds.

4.题目：WhatdidthebuilderusetheEiffelTowerfor?

答案：B)Conductingresearchinvariousfields.

5.题目：Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto"(TheEiffelTowerislike)ablank

canvasforvisitorstomakeofitwhattheywill”？

答案：C)Visitorscanimaginefreelywhatthetowerrepresents.

速记口诀：

引人注目的艾菲尔铁塔

1.涂鸦铁上表动感___________________

2.喜爱涂鸦不爱景___________________

3.爬上铁塔不正确___________________

4.用途在于搞研究[综合类C,理工类C]

39CloneFarm

1.题Fl：Whichstatementisthebestdescriptionoftheneweraoffactoryfarmingaccordingtothe

firstparagraph?

答案：C)Clonedchickensarebulk-producedwiththesamegrowthrate,weightandtaste.

2.题目：Whichinstitutionhasoffered$4.7milliontofundtheresearch?

答案：A)TheUS'snationalInstituteofScienceandTechnology.

3.题目Inthethirdparagraph,bysaying"Producerswouldlikethesamemeatquantitybuttouse

reducedinputstogetthere."MikeFitzgeraldmeansthathewishes

答案：D)chickenscouldgrowtothesameweightbutwithlessfeed.

4.题目：WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutOrigenandEmbrexiscorrectaccordingtothe

fifthparagraph?

答案：C)OrigenhasjoinedhandswithEmbrexinproducingcell-injectingmachine.

5.题目：Thetechnologyoffreezingstemcellsfromdifferentstrainsofchickencandoallthe

followingEXCEPTthat

答案：A)farmerscanordercertainstrainsofchickenonly.

速记口诀：

克隆农场

1.一段叙述新农场，克隆小鸡都一样

2.4.7million已资助，美国科学院来出款

3.三段提到克隆鸡，希望少吃长得快

4.五段Origen和Embrex,联产细胞注射机

5.冷冻技术干细胞，农民只订些许母鸡[综合类C,理工类B]

28FileMemories

1.题目：Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtothesentence"Tosleep.

Perchancetofile?'*?

答案：A)Doesbrainarrangememoriesinusefulorderduringsleep?

2.题目：WhatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutatRutgersuniversity?

答案：C)Somatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogetherinmemoryconsolidation.

3.题目：Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asisindicatedbyaresearch

mentionedinparagraph4?

答案：D)Thepoorerthememory,thepoorerglucosetolerance.

4.题目：Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?

答案：B)Themorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone*smemory.

5.题目：Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheultimatereasonforgoingtothegym?

答案：D)tocontrolglucoselevels.

速记口诀：

睡眠促使大脑归档存储

1.大脑归类组织库___________________

2.实验结果共同得___________________

3.记忆葡萄糖都会少___________________

4.海马萎缩记忆少___________________

5.健身房控制葡萄糖[综合类C,理工类B]

16JapaneseDrillinginto

CoreofEarth

1.题目：Accordingtothepassage,MountUnzen

答案：D)eruptedin1991.

2•题目：Accordingtothepassage,thestudyoftheMountUnzenvolcanomaybenefitJapaninall

the

答案：D)predictingvolcanoeruptions.

3.题目：WhyisthisresearchprojectsoimportanttoJapan?

答案：A)BecauseJapanhasmanylivingvolcanos.

4.题目：ThedrillingsiteonMountUnzenis

答案：C)abouthalfwayupthemountain.

5.题目：ThetitleofthispassageJapaneseDrillingintoCoreofEarthactuallymeansthatthey

答案：A)drillaholeintothecoreofavolcano.

速记口诀：

日本人的地心旅行

1.1991年发火山

2.预测研究不受品一

3.日本有许多活火山

4.钻探地点半山腰~~

5.钻孔钻入火山中

_____________________[理工类C]

29FoodFright

1.题目：Paragraphs1,2&3trytogivetheideathat

答案：A)GMfoodsmaybringaboutgreatbenefitstohumans.

2.题目：Whyisthecaseofthepollen—sprayedmilkweedcitedinParagraph6?

答案：C)ItiscitedtoshowGMfoodsalsohaveadarkside

3.题目：Whathappenstothoseinsectswhennotkilledbythesprayofinsecticide?

答案：B)Themayhaveahigherabilitytoadapttotheenvironment.

4.题目：WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningbanningGMfoodsistrueaccordingtothe

passage?

答案：D)TheUnitedStateshasnotbannedGMfoods.

5.题目：Whatisthewriter'sattitudetoGMfoods?

答案：A)Wecannottellfromthepassage.

速记口诀：

对食物的恐慌

1.一、二、三段谈美景，基因食物带福利

2.引用例子在六段，证明基因坏影响

3.昆虫不死于农药，适应环境能力强

4.基因食物大家禁，惟有美国不禁止

5.作者对待转基因，文章并未表态度[理工类C]

26MaleandFemalePilots

CauseAccidentsDifferently

1.题目：WhatistheresearchatJohnsHopkinsUniversityabout?

答案：B)Genderdifferenceinrelationtypesofaircraftcrashes.

2.题目：WhichofthestatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtosecondparagraph?

答案：D)Onlymaturepilotsarestudiedtodeterminethegenderdifferencesinthereasonsfor

aircraftcrash.

3.题目：Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?

答案：A)Theystudiedthefindingsofseveralpreviousresearchprojects.

4.题目：Whatisthemostcommoncircumstanceofcrashwithfemalepilots?

答案：B)Lossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffandstalling.

5.题目：Inthecomparisonoffemaleandmalepilots.

答案：D)malepilotsarefoundtomakemoreerrorsindecision-making.

速记口诀：

男女飞行员引起飞行事故的差异

1.性别差异