职称英语英语教材新增

职称英语英语教材新增

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阅读理解新增文章（共3篇）

第八篇

TheStateofMarriageToday

Istheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?Duringthepast50

years,therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded：almost50%of

marriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtoget

worse.Ifthistrendcontinues,itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,

accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Some

futuristspredictthatin100years,theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleast

fourtimes,andextramaritalaffairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyare

now.

Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy?The

answertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple：marriageisnolongerthe

necessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyears

partlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheir

husbandsastheyusuallydidn'thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththe

risingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobs,thisisnolongerthecase,so

theydon'tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.

Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticas

itseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen,therateofcouplesmarrying

hasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.In

additiontothis,manycouplesnowcohabitanddon'tbothertomarry.These

couplesareeffectivelymarried,buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriage

ordivorcestatistics.Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive.The

statisticsaredeceptivebecausethereisahighernumberofdivorcesin

secondandthirdmarriagesthaninfirstmarriages.

Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?Thefactthatmostpeople

stillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn，t.Anditisalsotruethatmarried

coupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople：theysufferlessfromstress

anditsconsequences,suchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerally

considerthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthe

keyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofour

relationships!词汇:

divorcen.离婚cohabitv.同居evidencen.证据，迹象effectivelyad.实际上

futuristn.未来主义者statisticsn.统计，统计资料

explodev.激增，迅速扩大deceptiveadj.迷惑的，骗人的

predictv.预言，预料，预报outdatedadj.旧式的，过时的

extramaritaladj.婚外的indicatev.表明，暗示

gloomyadj,阴暗的;令人沮丧的consequencen.结果,后果

institutionn.制度，习俗contentedadj.满足的，满意的

outlookn.展望，前景counterpartn.对应的人(或物)

pessimisticadj.悲观的

注释：

NationalFamilyAssociation：美国国家家庭联合会

练习：

1.WhichistrueabouttheproblemofmarriageintheUnitedStatestoday?

A)Divorceleadstothebreakupofthefamily.

B)Halfofthemarriedcouplesgetdivorced.

C)Americanpeoplemarrymorethanfourtimes.

D)Moreandmorepeoplearegettingdivorced.

2.Whatdoes“thisisnolongerthecase“inparagraphtwomean?

A)Itisnotnecessarytogetmarriedanymore.

B)Womendonotneedahusbandanylonger.

C)Womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymore.

D)Manywivesdowell-payingjobsoutsidehomenow.

3.Whymaytheoutlookofmarriagenotbeasgloomyasitappears?

A)Manypeoplestillliketogetmarried.

B)Therateofdivorcehasactuallydecreased.

C)Over50%ofthemarriagescontinuetoexist.

D)Thestatisticsofdivorceisnotquitetrue.

4.Howdopeopleusuallyfeelintheirmarriage1ife?

A)Theyaremuchhealthier.

B)Theyfeelnolongersingle.

C)Theyaremoresatisfied.

D)Theysufferalotless.

5.WhichofthefollowingaboutmarriageisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A)Therewillbemorerelationshipsoutsidemarriage.

B)Manypeopletrytogetmarriedagainafterdivorce.

C)Marriagehaslongbeenpartlyaneconomicalneed.

D)Itisafactthatmostpeoplechoosetogetmarried.

答案与题解：

1.D从第一段里可以了解到选项A与C都是预计将来会发生的，而不是如今的情况。

B选项与第一段第二句"almost50%ofthemarriagesendindivorce”不符。第一段

第二句里的“therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded,,“the

evidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse”话语正好说明了D选项的情况。

2.C第二段第四句、第五句说得很清楚，妇女们如今在外工作在经济上不再依赖她们

的丈夫，因此觉得无需维持行将失败的婚姻。

3.A从第二段里可以了解到离婚率并没有下降而是上升了，因此B选项不对。而C选

项与第三段里“Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive”所说不符，该选

项没有提到是第一次婚姻。同样，D选项在文中也没有说到，文中第三段的最后一句只是

说统计数据具有欺骗性，而没有说数据失实。

4.C文中第四段第三句的后半句说得很清楚，结了婚的人比单身的人更满足。A,D选

项提到的是实际情况而不是婚后人们的感觉，因此不对。文中并没有提到选项B所说的情

况。

5.BA选项在第一段最后一句里提到了，C选项和D选项分别在第二段、第四段里提到

了，而B选项却没有哪一段具体提到第三十八篇

ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople

Beingabletomultitaskishailedbymostpeopleasawelcomeskill,butnot

accordingtoarecentstudywhichclaimsthatyoungpeoplebetweentheagesof

eightandeighteenoftheso-calledGenerationMlarespendingaconsiderable

amountoftheirtimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Itarguesthat,

infact,theseyoungpeoplearefritteringawayasmuchashalfoftheirtime

againastheywouldiftheyperformedtheverysametasksoneaftertheother.

Someyoungpeoplearejugglinganeverlargernumberofelectronicdevicesas

theystudy.Atthesametimethattheyareworking,youngadultsarealso

surfingontheInternet,orsendingoutemailstotheirfriends,and/or

answeringthetelephoneandlisteningtomusicontheiriPods2oronanother

computer.Assomenewdevicecomesalongittooisaddedtothelistrather

thanreplacingoneoftheexistingdevices.

Otherresearchhasindicatedthatthismultitaskingisevenaffectingthe

wayfamiliesthemselvesfunctionasyoungpeoplearetoowrappedup3intheir

ownisolatedworldstointeractwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.Theycanno

longergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthe

familytable.

Allthiselectronicwizardryissupposedlyalsoseriouslyaffectingyoung

people's

performanceatuniversityandintheworkplace.Whenaskedabouttheir

perceptionoftheimpactofmoderngadgetsontheirperformanceoftasks,the

overwhelmingmajorityofyoungpeoplegaveafavourableresponse.

Theresponsefromtheacademicandbusinessworldswasnotquiteaspositive.

Theformerfeelthatmultitaskingwithelectronicgadgetsbychildrenaffects

laterdevelopmentofstudyskills,resultinginadeclineinthequalityof

writing,forexample,becauseofthelackofconcentrationontaskcompletion.

Theyfeelthatmanyundergraduatesnowurgentlyneedremedialhelpwithstudy

skills.Similarly,employersfeelthatyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforce

needtobetaughtalloveragain,astheyhavebecomedeskilled.

Whileallthismaybetrue,itmustbeborneinmind4thatmoreandmoreis

expectedofyoungpeoplenowadays;infact,toomuch.Praiseratherthan

criticismisdueinrespectof5thewaytoday'syouthareabletocope

despitewhattheoldergenerationthrowatthem.

词汇：

excessiveadj.过多的，额外interactvi.交流，沟通，互动

multitaskvi.同时进行多个任务wizardryn.魔力，法术

supposedlyadv.据认为,据推测

hailvt,赞扬performancen.表现,行为claimvt.声称，主张perceptionn.认识，

看法，见解

considerableadj.相当大的，相当多的impactn.影响，作用

gadgetn.小巧的机械装置

frittervt.消耗，浪费overwhelmingadj,压倒性的

jugglevt.耍弄，玩耍majorityn.大多数

electronicdevicen,电子装置，电子仪器academicadj学术的，学校的

declinen.下降，衰退

surfvi.（网上）冲浪，漫游，浏览concentrationn.专心,专注

indicatevt.表明，指出remedialadj.补习的，补救的

affectvt.影响deskilledadj.逐渐失去技能的

isolatedadj.孤立的，与世隔绝的dueadj.应有的，适当的

注释:

1.GenerationM：M代表multimedia。GenerationM即“多媒体时代”，是指伴随着计

算机和因特网的普及而成长起来的一代年轻人。他们多出生于1980年之后，热衷于计算

机、因特网、视频游戏、智能手机。这些新媒体和传统媒体如电视、印刷品、音响制品结

合起来，使得他们的世界异常丰富多彩。“多媒体时代”的另一特征就是可以

multitask,即多项任务同时进行，如他们可以一边上网冲浪、一边听着音乐、一边看着

电视里的MTV、一边和朋友短信聊天、同时还做着自己的家庭作业。

2.iPod：美国苹果公司的一款音乐播放器，除了可以播放MP3音乐外，iPod还可以作为

高速移动硬盘使用，可以显示联系人、日历和任务，以及阅读电子书和聆听有声电子书以

及播客(Podcasts)。

3.bewrappedupin,,注意力完全集中于,,,，

4.bearinmind记住

5.inrespectof关于，就””而言

练习：

1.Accordingtoarecentstudy,whatisprobablytrueaboutthemultitasking

GenerationM?

A)Theyarehighlycommendedforbeingsoeffectiveandefficient.

B)Theywastemoretimethantheyshouldsave,contrarytocommonassumptions.

C)Theyshouldprioritizeandfocusonthemostimportanttasksonhand.

D)Theyneedtoimprovetheirorganizationalskillssoastocompleteall

theirtasks.

2.Withtheadventofnewgadgets,whatwillhappentoGenerationM's

presente-devices?

A)Theymakewayforthelatestandgreatestandareretiredbytheyoung

people.

B)Theyareputawaytemporarilybutstayinrotationfortheirownersto

choosefrom.

C)Theybecomepartoftheeverincreasingcollectionofnovelties.

D)Theyareeithersoldortradedsothattheirownerscanupdatetheirtoys

andhobbies.

3.HowwillmultitaskingaffectGenerationMadversely?

A)Itmakesthemfeellonelyandpitiful.

B)Itmakesthemaloofandelusivetofamilyandfriends.

C)Itmakesthemselfishandpossessive.

D)Itmakesthemimpoliteandungrateful.

4.Whatisthebiggestproblemformultitaskingundergraduatesin

universities?

A)Theyshouldadjusttheiracademicattitudesseriously.

B)Theyshouldseekpsychologicalprofessionalsforassistance.

C)Theyshouldtakesomecrashcoursestocatchupwiththeirclassmates.

D)Theyshouldtryhardertofocusononetaskbeforemovingontothenext.

5.IndealingwithtodayJsyouth,whatapproachshouldparentstake?

A)Besupportiveandunderstanding.

B)Berealisticandlowertheirexpectations

C)Beencouragingandlettheirchildrensticktotheiroldhabits.

D)Bepatientandhopeeverythingwillworkoutjustfineeventually.

答案与题解：

1.B从第一段第一句话中的"aconsiderableamountoftheirtime"fruitless

efforts”以及该段最后一句话中的“fritteringawayasmuchas,,”可以进行同义替

换，waste就是fruitless和fritter的同义词。

2.C从第二段的最后一'句话中的aaddedtothelistratherthanreplacing”可以判

断出，这些年轻人的电子设备是越来越多，而不是A被取而代之、B被轮流使用、D被出

售或交换以便买更新的产品。

3.B答案A是文字游戏，原文中“isolatedworlds”应该理解为孤立的世界，即独自

〃alone〃，而不是孤独"lonely"。答案C说他们变得自私和占有欲强，想买更多电子产

品，显然不对。答案D说他们变得不懂礼貌和不知感恩，均是对第三段最后一句话中的

“nolongergreet"和“norcantheyeatatthefamilytable”的字面理解。答案B

是两个近义词，重点在性格变化上，变得“若即若离，难以捉摸〃。

4.D答案A认为是态度问题，把客观问题主观化。答案B是误导选项，试图用

remedialhelp”误导大家联想到remedy一词，故引出psychologicalprofessional

的曲解。答案C把第五段第一句中的ulaterdevelopment"和“declineinthe

qualityof..."表象化，认为应该抓紧赶上同学(catchup)o答案D才是正确答案，问

题症结在于multitasking难以让人集中注意力，造成浪费时间、影响表现等后果，这些

前文均已提过。

5.A答案A把praise替换成了相对隐性的近义词。答案B只针对最后一段的第一句话，

断章取义。答案C前半部分。ncouraging还算接近正确答案，后半部分则成了鼓励“将错

就错〃。答案D认为应采取“听之任之，顺其自然”的态度转

第四十七篇

SpoiltforChoice

Choice,wearegiventolbelieve,isaright.Indailylife,peoplehave

cometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredtomake

decisionsonewayoranother.Inthemain2,these

arejustirksomemomentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyor

brainpower,orduringlunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorder

orindeedwhichcoffeeshoptogoto.Butsometimesselectingoneoptionas

opposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions.Morecomplex

decision-makingistheneitheravoided,postponed,orputintothehandsof

thearmyofprofessionals,lifestylecoaches,lawyers,advisors,andthe

like,waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee2.Butforagoodmany4

peopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,nota

right.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomake

choices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,createdbycompaniesand

advertiserswantingtoselltheirwares5.

Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople?slivesisanxiety.Buying

somethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoa

widerangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessness,even

paralysis,inmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway6,

orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinordertosolve

theproblemandreducetheunease.RecentsurveysintheUnitedKingdomhave

shownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsboughtperhouseholdare

notreallyneeded.Theadvertisersandtheshareholdersofthemanufacturers

are,nonetheless,satisfied.

Itisnotjusttheiravailabilitythatistheproblem,butthespeedwith

whichnewversionsofproductscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignand

productionmeanthatnewitemsarealmostreadybythetimethatgoodshitthe

shelves?.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbe

persuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Theclassicexampleis

computers,whicharealmostobsoleteoncetheyarebought.Atfirst,there

wereonlyoneortwoavailablefromalimitednumberofmanufacturers,butnow

therearemanycompaniesallwithnotonlytheirownproductsbutdifferent

versionsofthesamemachine.Thismakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethe

dayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething8：no

choice,noanxiety.

Theplethoraofchoiceisnotlimitedtoconsumeritems.Withthegreater

mobilityofpeoplearoundtheworld,peoplehavemorechoiceaboutwherethey

wanttoliveandwork-afairlyrecentphenomenon.Inthepast,nations

migratedacrosshugeswathesoftheearthinsearchoffood,adventure,and

morehospitableenvironments.Wholenationscrossedcontinentsandchangedthe

faceofhistory.Sothemobilityofpeopleisnothingnew.Thecreationof

nationstatesandborders9effectivelyslowedthisprocessdown.Butwhatis

differentnowisthespeedatwhichmigrationishappening.

词汇：

spoilvt.使某人扫兴uneasen.焦虑，不安

irksomeadj.令人心烦的sizeableadj,相当大的,颇大的

brainpowern.智能proportionn.部分，比例

optionn•选择shareholdern.股东

repercussionsn.（常指意料之外的）影响,后果manufacturern.制造商,厂家

complexadj.复杂的nonethelessadv.然而，不过

postponevt.&vi.延迟，延缓availabilityn.可获得性，可使用性

professionaln.专业人士adj内行的

versionn.版本

coachn.教练员，指导obsoleteadj.过时的，被淘汰的

luxuryn.难得的享受plethoran.过多，过剩

illusionn.幻觉，想象phenomenonn.现象waren.商品,货物migratevi.迁徙

jmpactn.影响swathen.大片土地

anxietyn.焦虑，不安hospitable有利的，适宜的

consumern.消费者skipv.跳过

inducevt.引起，导致obeseadj.肥胖的

paralysisn.麻痹metabolicadi.新陈代谢的

unsuitableadj.不恰当的,不适适宜的psychiatricadj.精神病的

abnormaladj.异常的

注释：

1.begivento：倾向于

2.inthemain：大体上，基本上

3.Morecomplexdecision-makingistheneitheravoided,postponed,orput

intothehandsofthearmyofprofessionals,lifestylecoaches,lawyers,

advisors,andthelike,waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee.对于

情况更复杂的决策，人们或者回避、拖延，或者求助于各式各样的专业人士一生活方式指

导人员、律师、咨询师等等，而他们也正等着你付费来缓解心理重负呢。putAinthe

handsofB由B为A做决策。thelike等等，诸如此类的（人或物）。

4.agoodmany：也可说agreatmany,（用来强调所指数量）非常多的。

5.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomake

choices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,createdbycompaniesand

advertiserswantingtoselltheirwares.对那些自认为行使选择权的人来说,这整个

体制不过是销售商和广告商为了卖货而制造出的,种幻觉而已。exerciseone'Sright

行使权利。

6.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseof

powerlessness,evenparalysis,inmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingup

andwalkingaway.购物更便捷，商品更丰富，但这却让很多人感到不知所措，甚至麻

痹，最后只好放弃挑选，一走了之。accessto”获得,，的渠道。

7.hittheshelves：上架，上市

8.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuy

onething.那种无它可选，轻松购物的日子一去不复返了。此句为倒装句。

9.nationstatesandborders：国家和疆域。

练习：

1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthedecisiontoshopinacertain

supermarketandthedecisiontodropoutofcollegeaccordingtothefirst

paragraph?

A)Theformerisarightwhilethelatterisnot.

B)Thelatterhasmoreimpactonlife.

C)Theformermayhappenformanytimesinlife.

D)Thelatterrequiresafee.

2.Whenpeoplecannoteasilydecidewhattobuy,whatistheleastpossible

choice?

A)Giveup.

B)Walkaway.

C)Buyanunsuitableitem.

D)Seekadvice.

3.Whydoproductshaveshortlifespannowadays?

A)Theyaremoreoftenreplacedwithbetterones.

B)Theyhaveworsequality.

C)Theyhavetoomanyversions.

D)Computertechnologyadvancestoofast.

4.Howdoesmigrationdifferfromthepast?

A)Peoplenowmigrateacrossthewholeearth.

B)Peoplenowmigrateforbetterlife.

C)Peoplenowhavemorechoiceaboutwheretomigrate.

D)Peoplenowmigrateforbetterenvironment.

5.Whichisthebestsummaryofthewriter*sattitudetowardschoiceina

commercialsociety?

A)Morechoice,moreanxiety.

B)Bettermorechoicethannochoice.

C)Betternochoicethanmorechoice.

D)Allchoiceisnoteasy.

答案与题解：

1.B根据文章第一句话，这两种选择都是权利，所以A不对，选项C本身没错但文中丝

毫未提及，选项D有可能发生，但不是绝对的。选项B符合Butsometimesselecting

oneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions的

意思。

2.D第二段第三句提到了A、B、C三个选项，只有D没提到，这正是本题答案。

3.A第三段都是在讲商家为了销售更多的商品，不断推出新产品，老百姓不知不觉更换

地更勤，所以一个商品的使用寿命就更短了。

4.C其它三个选项都不是新的特点，最后一段第三句话都有涉及。

5.A整篇文章都是在论述现代商品社会人们虽然选择更多了，但焦虑感也多了。其它三

个选项文中都有提及，但不能代表作者整体的态度

完型填空新增文章(共3篇)

第五篇

WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms

Youcan'tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirth.butinmanycountriesyou

canchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcourse,mostpeoplenever

changetheirnames1

theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.However,somepeopledo2thiscourseof

action-particularlyartists!Whatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirname?

Sometimesit'sforpurely3reasons,suchastheNobelPrizewinningpoet

fromChile,NeflaliReyes.Hedidn'twanthisfatherto4hewaswriting

poetry,sohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.5

othertimesthereasonmayappeareccentric;takethecaseofthePortuguese

poetFernandoPessoa,6wroteunder75differentnames.Thereason?uWhenI

useadifferentname,Ialwayswriteinadifferentway,“heexplained.Inmost

cases,7,thereasonisforsocial,historical,political,orcultural

reasons.Herearesomeofthemost8：

Theperson?srealnameisjust9longanddifficulttoremember.LetJsbe

honest,MadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas10torememberasjustplain

“Madonna”.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember：WilliamBradley

becameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePele.Sometimesnames

arechangedformarketing11.Forexample,ifanamesoundstoo“foreign”,it

maybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina12.Sointhefilm

world,RamonEstevezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist,sreal

namedoesn,tsoundveryattractive-ChadEverettdoes13alotbetterthan

RaymondCramton.

Artistssometimes14thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmerman

changedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelsh

poet,DylanThomas.

Anotherreasonmaybepracticality：inthepast,womenfounditvery

difficulttogetpublished.To15thissituationtheysometimesgavethemselves

men'snames,sotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliot,and

shedidgetherbookspublished!

词汇：

pseudonymn.假名，笔名recognizableadj.可辨认的，可识别的

legallyad.法律上，合法地

eccentricadj.古怪的，反常的attractiveadj.有吸引力的，引人注目的

Portugueseadj.葡萄牙的，葡萄牙人的，葡萄牙语的

adoptv.采取，采纳

plainadj.清楚的，明白的admirev.赞赏，钦佩

marketingn.推销,营销

注释:

NobelPrize：诺贝尔奖

练习：

1.A)asifB)asC)evenifD)even

2.A)takeB)makeC)doD)have

3.A)privateB)individualC)ownD)personal

4.A)understandB)knowC)recognizeD)observe

5.A)AtB)OnC)InD)During

6.A)whomB)whichC)whoD)that

7.A)butB)althoughC)thoughD)however

8.A)popularB)commonC)ordinaryD)average9.A)soB)tooC)veryD)much

10.A)easyB)shortC)simpleD)brief

11.A)aimsB)endsC)goalsD)purposes

12.A)marketB)filmC)countryD)businesso

13.A)lookB)soundC)appearD)seem

14.A)chooseB)giveC)changeD)get

15.A)admitB)assureC)avoidD)affect

答案与题解：

l.C本句前半句提到“大多数人不会改名字”，因此可以判断是选有让步转折意义的

"evenif,,其他的选项都没有这个意思，尤其要注意even是副词，不可以这样用于句

首引出从句。

2.A本句的意思是想说“有些人，尤其是艺术家们，会更改名字”。不过，本句没有直

接说changetheirnames而是说采取行动,那么只能用take与action进行搭配,其他

动词都不合适。

3.D根据后面suchas后所举的例子知道，某些人改名字完全出于个人的原因，故选择

personaloprivate是指与公众无关的，私隐的；individual是与集体对立而言，个体的；

而own则必须放在物主代词的后面一起来表达属于某人的。

4.B本句是想说他改名字是为了不让父亲了解到他在写诗这件事，因此选know。

understand是理解的意思，recognize是认出，observe是察觉、观察到的意思。

5.A本句里的times是时机、场合的意思，atothertimes是表示“其他的情况”，还

有其他的固定搭配也是用at这个介词，如atalltimes,atthebestoftimes等等，

其他介词无此搭配。

6.C本句是举葡萄牙人的例子来说明某些人更改名字的理由很奇怪，后半句是想说此人

用过75个不同的名字。对本句结构做出分析后，应该是非限定性定语从句对此诗人做出

补充解释，故用who。that不能用于非限定性定语从句，which则不能表示人，只能表示

物，whom是用来做宾格形式只能作宾语不能作主语。

7.D如果注意到了此空前后的逗号的话就应该知道需要填一个副词来表示转折了，四个

选项中只有however是副词,所以其他的选项都不对。

8.B前一句刚说到大家改名字有社会、历史、政治、文化等方面的原因，通过下面几段

里所给出的例子可以知道本句是想说“下面是几种常见的原因”，所以选common用于指

常常发生的情况，而popular是指大家都喜欢的，ordinary和average则都是指没什么特

别的。

9.B根据后文，本句是想说某些人的名字太长、太难不好记住，是一个to。,,to”的结

构，表达“太”而不能的意思。

10.A根据上下文知道，本句是想说简单明了的Madonna更容易记住。从本句中的plain

一词可以断定不是想说长短，所以short和brief都不对，而simple则是与复杂相对立

的，因此选用easy一词与前句的difficult来对应，后一句话中的easiertoremember

也可以帮助我们选择easy。

11.D此题四个选项都能表示目的，但各有不同，aim是偏重于想要取得的目标;end往

往表示最终目的，而且常常用于指与手段相对应的目的;goal则更多的是指个人或者某群

体决心要达到的目标，通常指一般的趋势或方向而没有最终的具体目标;而purpose则主

要是指所向往的结果，是行为、行动的缘由。

12.A根据前一句中的marketingpurposes—■词可以判断此句是想说把名字改成在市场

上更好识记的，因此选market,而不是在某个国家、某部电影或者是某笔生意里更容易辨

识。

13.B根据前半句里的doesn'tsound可以判断此处应该选用sound来表示听上去怎

样，其他三个选项里的词意上不恰当。

14.A从后面一句可以推断此句是想说艺术家有时候根据自己所欣赏的人的名字给自己

取笔名或艺名。如果用give—•词的话则必须有themselves来作间接宾语，不然就不是

给他们自己取名字了。也不能用change,但如果是changeinto的话还可以表示把名字改

成别的名字，而get则是“获得〃、“得到”的意思，所以只能用choose来表示“选用”

的意思了。

15.C本句是想说为了不让作品得不到出版的情况出现而取个男子的名字，因此选

avoidoadmit是承认的意思，assure是确认的意思，affect则是影响的意思

第十二篇

SportorSpectacle?

MuhammadAliiisprobablythemostfamoussportsfigureonearth：heis

recognizedoneverycontinentandbyallgenerations.Thediagnosisofhis

illness1Parkinson'sdisease2afterhisretirementfuelledthedebateabout

thedangersofboxingandcriticism2thesport.That,plushisoutspoken

opposition3women*sboxing,madepeoplewonderhowhewouldreactwhenone

ofhisdaughtersdecidedtotake4thesport.HispresenceatLaila'sfirst

professionalfight,5,seemedtobroadcastherfatherJssupport.Ofcourse

MuhammadAliwantedtowatchhisdaughterfight.Theringannouncerintroduced

himasthe“thegreatest“andashesatdownattheringsidethecrowd

chanted.

Twenty-one-year--oldLaila'sdebutfightwasahugesuccessandtherewasas

muchpublicityforthefight6herfather*sfightsonceattracted.7,

Laila'sopponentwasmuchweakerthanshewasandthefightlastedjust31

seconds.Sincethen,Lailahaswonmostofherfightsbyknockingout3her

opponent."Sheknows8she'sdoing,allright,“saidonerefereeabout

her."Sheknowsaboutmovingwell.Youcanseesomeofherdad'smoves.w

LailaAli4wouldrathernotcompareherself9herfather.Shepreferstomake

herown10.Herfathersupportsherdecisiontoenterthesportbuthehasnot

sparedherthedetailsofwhatcanhappen.Lailarealizesthatherfatherwants

hertounderstandthe11possiblescenariotosee12shestillwantstogo

forwardwithit.Sheknowsshe'sgoingtogethithardattimes,thatshemay

getabrokennoseoraswollenface,butatleastsheispreparedforit.

Laila/sdecisiontostartboxing13herfather'sstrugglewiththe

symptomsofParkinson'sdiseasehasofcoursesparkedamixtureofdebateand

14.