2022-2023年山东省威海市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022-2023年山东省威海市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Theinventoroftherockerchairmaynotbeabletolaunchthechairintothemarketbecause______.

A.hehasn'tappliedforthepatent

B.hehimselfcan'tmakemanychairs

C.therockerinthechairisprotectedbythepatent

D.therockerchairhasnotbeenprovedtobesafe

2.

Peoplewhowanttheirbackpaintobefixedquicklyoftenresortto______.

A.surgeryB.chiropracticcareC.massageD.acupuncture

3.

ForfatchildrenwithtypeⅡdiabetes,theymayhavethesymptomofhighbloodpressure.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Howmanykindsofanxietyarementionedinthepassage?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

5.AccordingtoMr.deWahl,whyisJoostignoringthetwobusinessmodels?

A.AllpeoplearenotfondofsimplywatchingTV.

B.TheyareirrelatedwithpleasuresderivedfromwatchingTV.

C.TheyarethesameasthepracticesthatTVhaslongbeenusing.

D.JoostwantsaninnovativebusinessmodeldifferentfromYouTube.

6.

MarkTwainactuallymeans______.

7.TheSciencethatImitatesNature'sMechanisms

AEuropeanindustrialistnotlongagobecameverysuspiciousaboutAmericanpurposesandintentionsincertainareasofscientificresearch.HelearnedbychancethattheUnitedStateswassigningcontractswithscientistsinEngland,France,Italy,Germany,Belgium,Sweden,Uruguay,Chile,Argentina,Australia,andothercountries,callingforresearchintosuchmattersasthefunctionofthefrog'seyeandthelearningabilityoftheoctopus.

Itseemedtotheindustrialistthatsuchstudiescouldnotpossiblyhaveanypracticalvalue.HeseriouslybelievedthattheUnitedStateswasemployingtheforeignscientiststodomeaninglessworkandoccupytheirtime,whileAmericanscientistswerebusyinthereallyimportantareasofscience.HewasunawareofthefactthattheUnitedStateswasspendingmuchmoremoneyathomethanabroadforsimilarstudies.

Naturedoesthingsbetterthanpeople

Actually,theresearchhequestionedinvolvesafieldofsciencesonewthatmostpeoplehaveneverheardofit.Namedbionicsin1960,thisscienceisthestudyoflivingcreatures,astudyinsearchofprincipleapplicabletoengineering.Naturehasoperatedavastlaboratoryfortwobillionyears,andbionicsprobesthesecretsofthemarvelous"special-purpose"mechanismsthathavedeveloped.

Takethefrog'seyeforexample.Afrogeatsonlyliveinsects,anditseyeinstantlyspotsamovingflywithinreachofitstongue.Youcansurroundafrogwithdead(thereforemotionless)flies,anditwillneverknowtheyarethere.

Ifwecancompletelyunderstandthemechanicofthefrog'seye,wecandevelopa"mapreadingeye"formissilesanda"pattern--recognitioneye"forourbasicairdefensesystemcalledSAGE(semi-automaticgroundenvironment).SAGEisbadlyoverworked.Itsinternationalnetworkofradar"EYES"suppliesatremendousmassofunimportantdetailsaboutmeteorites,clouds,flightsofducks,geese,andfriendlyplanes,anditsometimesgetsconfused.Untilwecanbuildamechanicalfrog'seyeintoSAGE,itwillremainsomewhatinefficient.

Militaryandcivilianuses

Thefrog'seyeholdspromiseincivilianlife,too.Forexample,atmostmajorairportstheairtrafficproblem--with20millionflightsperyeartohandle--hasreachedacriticalstage.Wemustdevelopbetterdevicesformonitoringandcontrollingairtraffic.

Special-purposemechanismasexcitingasthefrog'seyecanbefoundthroughoutnature.Thebatisunderstudybecausethebat'ssonarismuchmoreefficientthanman-madesonar.Bybouncingsupersonicsqueaksoffobjectsaroundhim,thebatfliesaboutwithremarkableskills.Abatcanflythroughadarkroomstrungwithdozensofpianowiresandnevertouchasinglewire.

ThemosquitoisunderstudybecauseweneedtosolvetheproblemofStaticthatlessenstheefficiencyofourcommunicationssystems.Amosquito,simplybyvibratingitswings,cansetupahumthatwillcutthroughanyinterferingnoise(manornaturecancreateloudwhistlesorthunder,forinstance)andgiveamessagetoanothermosquito150feetaway.

Electricalsystem

Theoreticallyatleastweshouldbeabletocopythesemechanismsfoundinnature,forallbiologicalorganisms-frommosquitotofrogtoman--areinpartactuallyelectricalsystems.Thesenseorgansthat"connect"allanimalstotheoutsideworldaremerelytransducers--instrumentslikeamicrophone,TVcamera,orphonographpickuparm--whichconvertoneform.ofenergyintoanother.Amicrophone,forexample,convertssoundintoelectricalsignalswhicharecarriedtoaloudspeakerandconvertedbackintosoundwaves.Similarly,thenervecellsofaman'searconvertacryforhelpintoelectricalpulseswhicharespedoverhisnervoussystemtothebrain.Thebrainreceivesthes

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

AccordingtotheWHO,increasesinmalaria,water-bornediseaseandmalnutritioncouldthreaten______.

9.

Travelingusedtobesoexpensivethatmanymiddle-classpeoplecouldnotaffordit.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.Whichonewillhelppeopletorecognizetheirownkeyrequirementsduringhuntingajob?

A.Managingtime.

B.Workingoutpriorities.

C.Consultingtheexperts.

D.Askingforthefamily'srequirements.

11.

Thecollegedepartmentorassociationcangetpaymentsfromtheissuerifitsanctionscreditcardsdecoratedwith______.

12.

Foranexam,thecrammeralwayschoosetowaituntil______.

13.

TheJapaneseequivalentofGUANXIinChineseis______.

14.

WhatcanyoulearnaboutFarringdonRoad?

A.It'stothecastofLondon.

B.It'sstreetofbookstores.

C.It'sacenterforsecond-handbooks.

D.It'swhereworthlessbooksaresold.

15.OrganicFood

OrganicfarmingwasamongthefastestgrowingsegmentsofU.S.agricultureduringthe1990s.Thevalueofretailsalesoforganicfoodwasestimatedtobe$16billionin2004.AccordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute,morethanhalfofAmericansnowbuyorganicfoodatleastonceamonth.Whyisorganicfoodbecomingsopopular?

WhatisOrganicFood?

InDecember2000,theNationalOrganicStandardsBoardoftheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)establishedanationalstandardfortheterm"organic".Organicfood,definedbyhowitcannotbemaderatherthanhowitcanbemade,mustbeproducedwithouttheuseofsewer-sludgefertilizers,mostsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides,geneticengineering(biotechnology),growthhormones,irradiationandantibiotics.Avarietyofagriculturalproductscanbeproducedorganically,includingproduce,grains,meat,dairy,eggs,andprocessedfoodproducts.

"Organic"doesnotmean"natural".Thereisnolegaldefinitionastowhatconstitutesa"natural"food.However,thefoodindustryusestheterm"natural"toindicatethatafoodhasbeenminimallyprocessedandispreservative-free.Naturalfoodscanincludeorganicfoods,butnotallnaturalfoodsareorganic.Onlyfoodslabeled"organic"havebeencertifiedasmeetingUSDAorganicstandards.

OrganicFarming

Thephrase"organicfarming"firstappearedinLordNorthbourne'sbookLooktotheLand,publishedin1940.

Butthetruthis,organicfarmingistheoldestform.ofagriculture.Be-foretheendofWorldWarⅡ,farmingwithouttheuseofpetroleum-basedchemicals(syntheticfertilizersandpesticides)wastheonlyoptionforfarmers,Technologiesdevelopedduringthewarwerefoundtobeusefulforagriculturalproduction.Forexample,thechemicalammoniumnitrate(硝酸铵),whichwasusedasmunitions(军需品),becameusefulasfertilizer,andorganophosphates(有机磷酸盐)usedfornervegaswerelaterusedasinsecticide.

Thesedays,farmersareswitchingtoorganicagricultureonceagain,butnow'withaneco-logicallybased,systematicapproachthatincludeslong-termplanning,detailedrecordkeepingandmajorinvestmentinequipmentandsupplies.Althoughitisstillonlyasmallindustry,thenumberoforganicfarmersisgrowingbyabout12percentperyearandnowstandsatmorethan12,000nationwide.

OrganicFarmingintheU.S.Today

TheUSDA'sEconomicResearchServicereportsthatin1997,thelatestyearforwhichdataareavailable,farmersin49statesusedorganicproductionmethodsandthird-partyorganiccertificationserviceson1.35millionacresoutofatotalof828millionacresoffarmland.Approximatelytwo-thirdsofthecertifiedU.S.organicfarmlandwasusedforcrops,andone-thirdwasusedaspasture.

Largefarms,mostlylocatedintheMidwestandWest,producedprocessedtomatoes,organicwinegrapesandotherhigh-valuecropsonacommercialscale,whereasnumeroussmallfarms,concentratedintheNortheast,specializedinmixedvegetableproductionfordirectmarketingtoconsumersandrestaurants.

Whileorganicfoodcanbefoundthroughoutthecountry,Californiawastheleaderinproductionoforganicfruitsandvegetablesin1997,followedcloselybyArizona,Florida,Texas,andWashingtonindecreasingorderoftotalyield.Farmersandranchersin23statesraisedasmallnumberofcertifiedorganiccows,hogsandsheep.NewYork,WisconsinandMinnesotawerethetopproducersoforganicdairycows.

Production:Organicvs.Conventional

Asyoucanimagine,organicagriculturalpracticesarequitedistinctfromthoseof“conventional”farming.

Conventionalfarmers:

applychemical,fertilizerstothesoiltogrowtheircrops

spraywithinsecticidestoprotectcropsfrompestsanddisease

usesy

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Hisjokesoftenledtoviolencewhenhewasaboy.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

NGOcommunityisoftentheonlyavailablesourceofsupportfortheinternallydisplacedthoughtheassistanceisinadequatefor______.

18.

WhenMarkTwainbecameaminerinthefrontierregion,hestartedtowrite______.

19.

DoctorsassumethatSeasonalAffectiveDisordermightoccurwhenthereisahigherdegreeofreleased______.

20.Rivers

Byoriginalusage,ariverisflowingwaterinachannelwithdefinedbanks.Modernusageincludesriversthataremultichanneled,intermittent,orephemeralinflowandchannelsthatarepracticallybankless.Theconceptofchanneledsurfaceflow,however,remainscentraltothedefinition.

Riversarenourishedbyprecipitation,bydirectoverlandrunoff,throughspringsandseepages,orfrommeltwaterattheedgesofsnowfieldsandglaciers.Thecontributionofdirectprecipitationonthewatersurfaceisusuallyminute,exceptwheremuchofacatchmentareaisoccupiedbylakes.Riverwaterlossesresultfromseepageintoshallowordeepaquifers(沙石含水层)andparticularlyfromevaporation.Thedifferencebetweenthewaterinputandlosssustainssurfacedischargeorstreamflow.TheamountofwaterinriversystematanytimeisbutatinyfractionoftheEarth'stotalwater;97percentofallwateriscontainedintheoceansandaboutthree-quartersoffreshwaterisstoredaslandice;nearlyalltheremainderoccursasgroundwater.Lakesholdlessthan0.5percentofallfreshwater,soilmoistureaccountsforabout0.05percent,andwaterinriverchannelsforroughlyhalfasmuch,0.025percent,whichrepresentsonlyaboutonefour-thousandthoftheEarth'stotalfreshwater.

Waterisconstantlycycledthroughthesystemsoflandice,soil,lakes,groundwater(inpart),andriverchannels,however.Thedischargeofriverstotheoceansdeliverstothesesystemstheequivalentofthewatervapourthatisblownoverlandandthenconsequentlyprecipitatedasrainorsnow,e.,some7percentofmeanannualprecipitationontheglobeand30percentofprecipitationonlandareas.

Thehistoricalrecordincludesmarkedshiftsintheappreciationofrivers,numerousconflictsinusedemand,andanintensificationofusethathasrapidlyacceleratedduringthe20thcentury.Externalfreighttradebecameconcentratedinestuarineports(河口港)ratherthanininlandportswhenocean-goingvesselsincreasedinsize.

Demandonopen-channelwaterincreasesaspopulationandpercapitawateruseincreaseandasundergroundwatersuppliesfallshort.Irrigationuseconstitutesacomparativelylargepercentageofthetotalsupply.

Present-daydemandsonriversaspowersourcesrangefromthefloatingoftimber,throughtheuseofwaterforcooling,tohydroelectricgeneration.Logginginforestsreliesprimarilyonflotationduringtheseasonofmelt-waterhighflow.Largepowerplantsandotherindustrialfacilitiesareoftenlocatedalongrivers,whichsupplytheenormousquantitiesofwaterneededforcoolingpurposes.Manufacturersofpetrochemicals,steel,andwoolenclothalsomakelargedemands.Hydroelectricpowergenerationwasintroducedmorethan100yearsago,butthemajorityoftheexistinginstallationshavebeenbuiltsince1950.

Theever-increasingexploitationofrivershasgivenrisetoavarietyofproblems.Extensivecommercialnavigationofrivershasresultedinmuchartificialimprovementofnaturalchannels,includingincreasingthedepthofthechannelstopermitpassageoflargervessels.Insomecases,thisloweringoftheriverbottomhascausedthewatertableofthesurroundingareatodrop,whichhasadverselyaffectedagriculture.Also,canalization,withitsextensivesystemoflocksandnavigationdams,oftenseriouslydisruptsriverineecosystems.

Anevenmorefar-reachingproblemisthatofwaterpollution.Pesticidesandherbicidesarenowemployedinlargequantitiesthroughoutmuchoftheworld.Thewidespreaduseofsuchbiocidesandtheuniversalnatureofwatermakesitinevitablethatthetoxicchemicalswouldappearasstreampollutants.Biocidescancontaminatewater,especiallyofslowflowingrivers,andareresponsibleforanumberoffishkillseachyear.

Inag

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Today,I'llbetalkingabouttheinventionofthecameraandphotography.Theinventionofthecameraandphotographychangedourlivesalot.Thecameraisoftenthoughttobeamoderninvention.Butasearlyas1727.aGermanphysicistdiscoveredthatlightdarkenssilversalt,achemicalcompound.Usingasacamera,abigboxwithsmallholetoletthelightin,hemadetemporaryimagesonthesalt.Silversaltisstillthebaseoffilmtoday.

ThenaFrenchscientistmadethefirstpermanentpicturebyusingaspecialpieceofmetalsensitizedwithsilversalt.Aphotographhemadein1826stillexists.Thepainter,Daguerreimprovedontheprocessbyplacingcommonsaltonthemetal.Thiswasin1839,theofficialdateofthebeginningofphotography,buttheproblemwastheprintingofthephotographs,anditwasn'tuntilotherscientistsdevelopedthekindofpaperwenowuse,thatgoodprintingwaspossibleandphotographbecametrulymodem.

In1860s,MattewBradeywasabletotakehisfamouspicturesoftheAmericanCivilWar.Inthe20thcentury.GeorgeEastmanoftheUnitedStatessimplifiedfilmdeveloping,andDr.EdwinLandinventedtheso-called"instant"camerawithself-developingfilm.Ifwesaythatphotographycameintoexistencein1839,itfollowsthatithastakenmorethanonehundredyearsforthecameratoreachitspresentconditionoftechnicalrefinement.

(27)

A.Lightdarkenssilversalt.

B.Lightdarkensnaturalsalt.

C.Lightdarkenssilver.

D.Lightdarkensself-developingfilm.

22.(29)

A.TheRepublicanPartyhasalwaysbeensupportedbytheDemocraticParty.

B.TheDemocraticPartyisassociatedwithfreeenterpriseintheeconomy.

C.TheDemocraticPartyisthemainopponentoftheRepublicanParty.

D.TheRepublicanPartyhasneverlostthepresidency.

23.

【B7】

24.(28)

A.Fewofthemcanlivelong.

B.Mostofthemliveanormallife.

C.Fewofthemgetalongwellwitheachother.

D.MostOfthemdifferintheirlikesanddislikes.

25.(34)

A.Toreplacephysicaltherapy.

B.Tocontrolbrainseizures.

C.Topreventheartdisease.

D.Torelievetension.

26.

【B8】

27.【B3】

28.听力原文：M:IwassorrytohearaboutBill'sbeingfired.Iknowhewassickalotandthatheusuallygottoworklate.

W:Oh,itwasn'tthat.Billmadeabigerrorinlastmonth'saccounting.Eventhoughitwasn'treallyhisfault,hisbusswasveryangry.

Q:WhydidBilllosehisjob?

(15)

A.Hegotangrywithhisboss.

B.Hewasfrequentlysickandabsentfromwork.

C.Hepreparedafinancialreportincorrectly.

D.Healwaysgottoworklate.

29.听力原文：Theworld'spopulationcontinuestogrow.Therenowareabout4billionofusonearth.Thenumbercouldroach6billionbytheendofthecenturyand11billioninanother75years.Expertshavelongbeenconcernedaboutsuchagrowth.Wherewillwefindthefood,water,jobs,houses,schoolsandhealthcareforallthesepeople?Amajornewstudyshowsthatthesituationmaybechanging.AlargeandrapiddropintheWorld'sbirthratehastakenplaceduringthepast10years.Familiesgenerallyaresmallernowthantheywereafewyearsago.Itishappeninginbothdevelopingandindustrialnations.Researcherssaidtheyfoundanumberofreasonsforthis.Moremenandwomenarewaitinglongertogetmarriedandareusing,birthcontroldevicesandmethodstopreventordelaypregnancy.Morewomenaregoingtoschoolorworkingatjobsawayfromhomeinsteadofhavingchildren.Andmoregovernments,especiallyindevelopingnations,nowsupportfamilyplanningprogramstoreducepopulationgrowth.Chinaisoneofthenationsthathasmadegreatprogressinreducingitspopulationgrowth.

Chinahasalreadycutitsrateofpopulationgrowthbyaboutonehalfsince1970.EachChinesefamilyisnowurgedtohavenomorethanonechild.Thehopeistoreachazeropopulationgrowthwiththetotalnumberofbirthsequalingthetotalnumberofdeaths,bytheyear2000.

(33)

A.Aneconomicpolicyofacountry.

B.Aneconomicpolicyofafamily.

C.TVprogramsdesignedforafamily.

D.Abirthcontrolpolicyofacountry.

30.(31)

A.Awideselectionofinvestments.

B.Alimitedrangeofstocks.

C.Agroupoflowriskbondsandcash.

D.Avarietyoffunds.

31.(26)

A.Youarereadytoenterthetopschool.

B.Youshouldnotmakepreparations,sinceyouwillentertheworstschool.

C.Youshouldnotexpecttoenterthetopschool.

D.Youshouldmakefullpreparationsandfacetheworstresult.

32.(24)

A.Ithasbeenthebestsellerforweeks.

B.Itadvisespeopletochangethemselves.

C.Itisbeingsoldataverylowprice.

D.Itdistinguishescooperators.

33.听力原文：Youmayrememberthatafewweeksagowediscussedthequestionofwhatphotographyis.Isitartorisitamethodofreproducingimages?Doesphotographybelongtoamuseumorjustinourhomes?TodayIwanttotalkaboutapersonwhotriedtomakehisprofessionallifeananswertosuchquestions.AlfredStieglitzwentfromtheUnitedStatestoGermanytostudyengineering.Whilehewastherehebecameinterestedinphotographyandbegantoexperimentwithhiscamera.Hetookpicturesunderconditionsthatmostphotographersconsideredtoodifficult.Hetookthematnight,intherainandofpeopleandobjectsreflectedinwindows.WhenhereturnedtotheUnitedStateshecontinuedthisrevolutionaryeffort.Stieglitzwasthefirstpersontophotographskyscrapers,cloudsandviewsfromanairplane.WhatStieglitzwastryingtodoinhisphotographswaswhathetriedtodothroughouthislife—makephotographyanart.Hethoughtthatphotographycouldbejustasbeautifulaform.ofself-expressionaspaintingordrawing.ForStieglitz,hiscamerawashisbrush.Whilemanyphotographersinthelater1800sandearly1900sthoughtoftheirworkasareproductionofidenticalimages,Stieglitzsawhisascreativeartform.Heunderstoodthepowerofthecameratocapturethemoment.Infactheneverretouchedhisprintsormadecopiesofthem.Ifyouareinthisclassfromtoday,I'msureyou'dsay:Well,paintersdon'tnormallymakeextracopiesoftheirpaintings,dothey?

(30)

A.Thedefinitionofphotography.

B.Photographyintheearly1900's.

C.ThelifeofAlfredStieglitz.

D.AlfredStieglitz'sapproachtophotography.

34.(42)

35.听力原文：Ifyouarelikemostpeople,yourintelligencevariesfromseasontoseason.Youareprobablyalotsharperinthespringthanyouareatanyothertimeofyear.Anotedscientist,Ellsworth-Huntington,concludedfromothermen'sworkandhisownamongpeopleindifferentclimatesthatclimateandtemperaturehaveadefiniteeffectonourmentalabilities.

Hefoundthatcoolweatherismuchmorefavorableforcreativethinkingthanthesummerheat.Thisdoesnotmeanthatallpeoplearelessintelligentinsummerthantheyareduringtherestoftheyear.Itdoesmean,however,thatthementalabilitiesoflargenumbersofpeopletendtobelowestinthesummer.

Springappearstobethebestperiodoftheyearforthinking.Onereasonmaybethatinspringman'smentalabilitiesareaffectedbythesamefactorsthatbringaboutgreatchangesinallnature.

Fallisthenext-bestseason.Asforsummer,itseemstobeagoodtimetotakealongvacationforthinking.

(33)

A.Itismoreorlessaffectedbytheseasons,

B.Itstaysthesameinallseasons.

C.It'sabithigherinsummerthaninwinter.

D.Itvariesfromdaytoday,

36.(25)

A.Thebasicfoundationsofdemocracywerecreatedover200yearsago.

B.Earlyleadersloveddemocracy,nothatedit.

C.Americaisnodifferentnowthan200yearsago.

D.Themeaningofdemocracyhaschangedovertime.

37.(43)

38.听力原文：W:Thisfoodisterrible!ICan'tevenfinishmydinner．

M:Iknow．youthinkwithallthemoneywepaidforroomandboard，theuniversitycouldhireabetterfoodservice．Whereareyouheadednext?

W:I'mgoingovertothestudentrecreationcentertoplaysomebridge．

M:Youarespendingyourtimeonacardgame?

W:Notjustanycardgame．It'soneofthemoststrategicgames．M:SoIhaveheard.Don'tyouplaywithapartner?

W:Yeah!Fourpeopleplay,twoagainsttheothertwo.

M:So,youtrytoplayincooperationwithyourpartner?

W:Actually,thecardsofoneofthefourplayersareturnedfaceup.Thatplayeriscalledthedummy.

M:Iwouldn'twanttobecalledthat.Whenyouarethedummy,whatdoyoudowhilethecardsarebeingplayed?

W:Anythingyouwant.Sitthereandstudy,shuffleanotherdeck,getsnacksforeveryone...Iliketostandbehindmypartnerandwatch.Thatisveryinteresting.

M:Youknow,I'veheardthatbridgeishabit-forming.Youshouldbecarefulnottoplaysomuchthatyoudon'tgetyourstudyingdone.

W:Don'tworryaboutme.IonlyplaycardsonThursdayafterdinner,andsometimeswhentheyneedafourthplayer,ffyoulike,Icouldteachyou.

M:Thanks,butIhaveaprettyheavyworkloadthissemester.IalreadyspendmyeveningsdoingthingsIdon'treallyknowhowtodoyet.

W:Iknowyouarebusy,butsometimesyouneedtohavearest.

(23)

A.Studyingwithapartner.

B.Preparingsnacks.

C.Playingcards.

D.Learninghowtodesignbridges.

39.(19)

A.Takeashorterroute.

B.Buynewsunglasses.

C.Driveonadifferentroad.

D.ConsidertakingRoute27.

40.【B8】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Researchuniversitiesstillattachimportancetoresearchinacademicpromotionspartlybecause______.

A.professorswithacademicachievementsareusuallyresponsibleandtough

B.itisdifficulttoconductobjectiveevaluationofteachingquality

C.topstudentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

D.researchhelpstoimprovetheeffectivenessofteaching

42.Anewsurveyofmedical-schooldeansfindsthatunprofessionalconductonblogsandsocial-networkingsitesisincreasingamongmedicalstudents.Althoughmedstudentsfullyunderstandpatient-confidentialitylawsandareindoctrinatedinthehighethicalstandardstowhichtheirwhite-coatedprofessionisheld,manyofthemstilluseInternettomakediscriminatorystatementsanddiscusspatientcasesinviolationofconfidentialitylaws,accordingtothesurvey.

Weassumedthatstudentswere"educatedaboutprofessionalconductonlineandusedbetterjudgment."Butmedicalstudents,itseems,arenodifferentfromtherestofuswhenitcomestopostingdrunkenpartypicturesonlineortweetingabouttheirdailycomings,goingsandmusings—howeverinappropriatetheymaybe.Manystudentsfeeltheyareentitledtopostwhattheywishontheirpersonalprofiles,maintainingthattheinformationisinfactpersonalandnotsubjecttothesamepoliciesandguidelinesthatgoverntheirprofessionalbehavior.oncampus.Thoughmedicalstudentswouldagreethatphysicians—andotherprofessionals,liketeachers—shouldbeheldtoahigherstandardofintegritybysociety,thenewstudysuggeststhatthey'reconfusedbyhowrulesapply,especiallyincyberspace,oncethewhitecoatcomesoff."Theythinkit'ssomethingonlyfortheirfriends,eventhoughit'snotprivate."saysDr.NeilParker,seniorassociatedeanforstudentaffairsforgraduatemedicaleducationatUCLA'sDavidGeffenSchoolofMedicine.

Thatattitudeislargelydictatedbyage,saysParker.Infocusgroupsinvolvingstudents,faculty,administratorsandstaff,theschoolhasfoundacleargenerationaldividebetweenthosewhotendtoblurthelinebetweentheirpersonalandprofessionallivesandthosewhodon't.Youngerstudentsweremorelikelythanolderstaffmemberstobelievethattheirthoughtsandopinionswerevalidtopostonline,regardlessoftheirpotentiallydamagingordiscriminatoryimpactonothers.

Theissueisespeciallyrelevantwhenitcomestodiscussingpatientcases.Lawsprohibitdoctorsfromtalkingaboutpatientsusingindividuallyidentifiableinformation.However,asParkernotes,sharingpatientcareexperiencescanbeausefulandpowerfullearningtoolformedicalstudentsthatencourages"reflection,empathyandunderstanding,"hewritesinthepaper.Althoughdiscussingtheirexperiencesonlinemaybeallowed,studentsmustbemadeawarethatidentifyinginformationisnotlimitedtopatients'namesandthatdivulgingothercharacteristicsanddetailsoftenviolatespatient-privacylaws.

It'sthattypeofeducationthatmedicalschoolsneedtoincludemoreintheircurricula.Ensuringthatstudentsareawareofprivacysettingson