2022-2023年山东省滨州市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022-2023年山东省滨州市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Inthesummer,thewindcurrentwillbereversedbecausethetemperatureoftheairoverthelandturnshigherthan______.

2.

Wedon'tknowtheexactnumberofMarkTwain'sworks.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.Sustainabilityhasabroadermeaningnow,includingecologyandbiodiversityarchitecture,engineering,rbanplanning,etc.,andithasbecomea______.

4.Foracompanyowner,unpleasanthumanresourcessituations______.

A.arenotdifficulttodealwith

B.shouldnotdrawmuchattention

C.canreducetheworkefficiency

D.arenecessaryforhis/hersuccess

5.

Whatareretireesbelowtheageof65suggestedtodowhentheirCOBRArunsout?

A.ToapplyforMedicalbenefits.

B.Tobuyanotherinsurancepolicy.

C.TorenewtheirCOBRA.

D.Toaskforhelpfromthegovernment.

6.

Whatdolocalresidentsclaimfor?

A.Theyaresickbecauseofyearsofpollution.

B.Theyaresickbecauseofindustriesontheirdoorsteps.

C.Theyaresickbecauseofpesticidesfromagriculture.

D.Theyaresickbecauseofairpollution.

7.

Asregardstrust-keepinglies,youaresupposedtotellliestosomeonesomeone______else.

8.

TheNOAAoftheU.S.setupthePacificTsunamiWarningCenterinthestateof______.

9.Aseriesofexperimentsdescribedinthepassageistoexaminewhetherthoughtandbehavior.can______.

10.

Eachfederalurbansearch-and-rescuetaskforceismadeupofatleast60members.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Whyisitimportanttohavebreakfast?

12.

ThereasonwhytheersatznewsthatAlabamachangedthevalueofPispreadwildlywasthat______forwardedthearticletofriendsandposteditonothernewsgroups.

13.

ItcanbereferredfromthepassagethatAliceWalkerwastwenty-twoyearsoldwhenshemovedtoJackson,Mississippi.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.FoodsThatFightDisease

Withremarkableconsistency,recentresearchhasfoundthatadiethighinplant-basedfoods—fruits,vegetables,driedpeasandbeans,grains,andstarchystaplessuchaspotatoes—isthebody'sbestweaponinthwartingmanyhealth-relatedproblems.Thesefoodsworkagainstsomanydiseasesthatthesamehealthyingredientsyoumightusetoprotectyourheartorwardoffcancerwillalsobenefityourintestinaltractandbones.

Here'swhatiscurrentlyknownaboutthesedifferentdisease-fightingfoods.CancerFighters

Preventingcancerisacompellingreasontoloadupyourcartintheproducedepartment.Scientistshaverecentlyestimatedthatapproximately30to40percentofallcancerscouldbeavertedifpeopleatemorefruits,vegetables,andplant-basedfoodsandminimizedhigh-fat,high-calorieediblesthathavescantnutritionalvalue.Upto70percentofcancersmightbeeliminatedifpeoplealsostoppedsmoking,exercisedregularly,andcontrolledtheirweight.

Inthepast,researchershadlinkedfatconsumptionwiththedevelopmentofcancers,buttheycurrentlybelievethateatingfruits,vegetables,andgrainsmaybemoreimportantinpreventingthediseasethannoteatingfat."Theevidenceaboutahigh-fatdietandcancerseemedalotstrongerseveralyearsagothanitdoesnow,"saysMelaniePolk,aregistereddietitiananddirectorofnutritioneducationattheAmericanInstituteforCancerResearch.

Althoughscientistsarestillnotcertainaboutthespecifics,they'rebeginningtocloseinonthehealthfulconstituentsofplant-basedfoods.Inparticular,they'relookingcloselyattwocomponentsantioxidantsandphytochemicals.

Antioxidants.Theantioxidants(carotenoids,suchasbetacaroteneandlycopene,andvitaminsCandE)foundinfruits,vegetables,andotherplant-basedfoodsfightfreeradicals,whicharecompoundsinthebodythatattackanddestroycellmembranes.Theuncontrolledactivityoffreeradicalsisbelievedtocausemanycancers.

Thecarotenoids,inparticular,whichgivefruitsandvegetablestheirbrightyellow,orange,andredcolors,arenowgainingrecognitionfortheirnutritionalworth.Numerousstudieshaveextolledthevirtuesoflycopene(thecarotenoidthatmakestomatoesred)inpreventingprostatecancer.OnesuchstudyatHarvardUniversityfoundthatmenwhoincludetomatoproductsintheirmealstwiceaweekcouldreducetheirriskofdevelopingprostatecancerbyonethirdcomparedwithmenwhonevertouchtomatoes.

Otherlycopene-richfoods,suchaswatermelon,redgrapefruit,andguava,arenowpiquingtheinterestofresearchers.Watermelonnotonlyyieldsmorelycopeneperserving(15mgin11/2cups)thanrawtomatoes(11mgper11/2cups),butit'salsoarichsourceofvitaminsAandC.

Canwatermelonhelpreducetheincidenceofcancer?Nooneknowsforsurebecausetherehaven'tbeensufficientstudies."Weassumethatwe'llseebenefits,"saysPenelopePerkinsVeazie,Ph.D.,aresearchscientistwiththeUSDA'sAgriculturalResearchService.Researchersthereplantocomparepeoplewhoeatwatermelonwiththosewhoeatprocessedtomatoesbecausecookingenhanceslycopeneabsorption—oseewhichgroupabsorbsmorelycopene.(A11/2cupservingoftomatosaucepacks53mgoflycopene.)

Phytochemicals.Thephytochemicalspresentinfruitsandvegetablesprotectthebodybystuntingthegrowthofmalignantcells.Phytochemicals,naturallyoccurringsubstances,includeindoles([生化]吲哚)incabbageorcauliflower,saponins([生化]皂角苷)inpeasandbeans,andisoflavones(异黄酮)insoymilkandtofu.Investigatorshaveonlyaninklingofhowmanyphytochemicalsexistandhowtheywork.Theyareconfident,however,thatyoucangetabasketfulofanti-cancernutrientsbymi

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Ofallpeoplearoundtheworld,competitivenessisprizedhighestby______.

16.

Underyourdurablepowerattorney,ifyouareunable,apersoncanbegiventheauthorityto______.

17.

ThedetailsoftheOlympicTorchRelay,suchastherouteorthestops,aredecidedbythe______.

18.

______Paulfirstsawthefaceofthemanwantedbythepolice.

19.

______isthenameofaCambridge-basedcompanythatistryingtocreatethekindofcomputerwhichmightreceivethecontentsofabrain.

20.

Insituationsofarmedconflicts,ethnicorreligiousviolence,civiliansintheAndeanregionwhodon'twanttojointhe"right"sideareforcedtoleavetheir______home.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Iwonderifyou'dliketoanswerafewquestions.Wearedoingamarketsurvey.

M:Thatdepends.Whatsortofquestionsarethey?

Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthewomanandtheman?

(12)

A.Interviewerandinterviewee.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Saleswomanandcustomer.

D.Policewomanandwitness.

22.(35)

A.Indifferent.B.Surprised.C.Worried.D.Confident.

23.(47)

24.(25)

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

25.听力原文：Eachdayweallmakemanychoices;mostofthesechoicesaresmall—whattowear,whattoeatetc.stilltherearemanyimportantchoicesthatwemakeinlife—whichuniversitytoattend,whattostudy,whomtomarry,etc.Sometimeswemaybecometiredofmakingchoices,butwealwaysknowthatwewillcontinuetomakethemaslongaswelive,becausethatisbetterthanhavingthemmadeforus.Wemaysometimesaskforadviceaboutachoicewemustmake,butultimatelymostofthedecisionsastowhichchoicesarebestwillbemadebyourselves,bothimportantandunimportant.Wealsoknowthatwewillundoubtedlyhavetosufferthatconsequencesofmakingpoorchoicesandthatwewilloftenrejoiceinthemanyfortunatechoiceswemake.

ManywritershavewrittenaboutchoicesthroughoutourlivessuchasBorisPasternaketc.OneofthemostpopularandbelovedpoemsintheEnglishlanguagehas"choice"asitssubjectmatter.Inthispoem,"TheRoadNotTaken",RobertFrostdescribeswalkingalongapaththroughthewoodsandcomingtoaforkinthepath.Hemustchoosewhichforktotake,thatis,whichwaytogo,knowingthathewillprobablyneverbeabletocomebackandtrytheotherway.Heendshispoemby"Itooktheonelesstraveledby,andthathasmadeallthedifference".Thispoemisseenasametaphorfortheimportantchoicesinlifewhichdo,indeed,make"allthedifference".InFrost'scase,thechoiceisofteninterpretedashischoiceofcareer,totaketheriskofbecomingapoet,knowingthatthousandsofpoetsneverreallysucceed.

(33)

A.Becauseitisdifficulttomakechoices.

B.Becauseitisnecessaryforustolive.

C.Becauseothersmakeustodoso.

D.Becausemakingchoiceisbetterthanhavingchoicesmadeforus.

26.(36)

A.Hisfather'sadvicehelpedhimtodecidewhichjobtotakeup.

B.Workinginthesportsteamwashismostimportantexperience.

C.Helearntmuchfromhissharedexperiencewithhisteammembers.

D.Hisexperienceasabaggageboyhadagreatinfluenceonhislaterlife.

27.听力原文：M:WhencanImaketheearliestappointmentwithDr.Johnson?

W:Dr.JohnsonhasappointmentsonMondayandTuesdaymornings,ThursdayandFridayafternoons,andhehasconferencethewholedayWednesday.

Q:WhencanthemanmeetDr.Johnsontheearliest?

(14)

A.Mondaymorning.

B.Mondayafternoon.

C.Wednesdaymorning.

D.Fridayafternoon.

28.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Learningasecondlanguageisnevereasy,and,generallyspeaking,theolderoneiswhenoneattemptsanewlanguage,themoredifficultitbecomes.Thisisatleastpartlyduetowhatisknownaslanguageinterference,meaningthatthelinguisticpatternsofourfirstlanguageinterferewiththoseofthesecondbecausenotwolanguageshaveexactlythesamesoundsandgrammaticalstructures.

Alllanguageshaveobligatorycategoriesofgrammarthatmaybelackinginotherlanguages.RussianunlikeEnglish—hasanobligatorycategoryforgenderwhichdemandsthatanoun,andoftenapronoun,specifywhetheritismasculineorfeminine.

Likewise,whentranslatinganEnglishstoryintoChineseinwhichacharacteridentifiedascousinappears,aChinesetranslatorrequirestoknowwhetheritreferstoamaleorafemale,whetherthecharacterisolderoryoungerthanthespeaker,andwhetherthecharacterbelongstothefamilyofthespeaker'sfatherofmother.Therefore"biaomei"canbetranslatedintoEnglishonlybytheawkwardstatement"afemalecousinonmymother'ssideandyoungerthanI".

TheRussian/EnglishandChinese/EnglishexamplesillustratethebasicprobleminanytranslationNomatterhowskilledtranslators,theycannottakethelanguageoutofthespeechcommunitythatusesit.Translationobviouslyisnotasimpletwo-waystreetbetweentwolanguages.Rather,itisabusyintersectionamongatleasttwolanguageswithalloftheirpeculiarcharacteristics,theculturesofthetwospeechcommunities,andthespeechsituationinwhichthestatementwasuttered.

(27)

A.Becauseoftheirage.

B.Becausetheyhavenotime.

C.Becausetheyarenotknowledgeable.

D.Becauseofthelanguageinterference.

29.(19)

A.Callataxiforthewoman.

B.Rideahorsewiththewoman.

C.TaketheWomantothebusstation.

D.Drivethewomantothetrainstation.

30.听力原文：W：I'vegottheschedulefortheWashingtonNationalshere.ItlookslikeonTuesdaytheyareplayingtheNew

YorkMets.onThursdayPhiladelphiaandSaturdaytheLADodgers.

M：Iwouldbedownfortheweekendgame.Youneverknowhowlateitmightrun,andIcansleepinthesecondday.

Q：Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

(19)

A.Theirworkingagenda.

B.TVschedulesforbaseballmatches.

C.Theirfavoritebaseballteams.

D.Theirarrangementfortheweekend.

31.【B5】

32.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Thegovernmenthasadoptedmanyeffectivewaystostoppollution.

B.Thegovernmentcan'tpreventpollutioncompletelybecauseofdevelopment.

C.Therearenoeffectivepurifyingdevicestopreventorstoppollution.

D.Thegovernmentwon'tcontrolpollutionevenforthesakeofpeople'shealth.

33.(29)

A.Theyhaveaccidentswhentheytrytooutrunotherboats.

B.Theyfalloverboardwhentheystandupintheirboat.

C.Theysitorlieonthebottomoftheirboat.

D.Theyfallasleepandwaterenterstheirboat.

34.听力原文：W:Tony,Ijustmovedintomynewapartment,andIneedtohavethephoneshookedup.IhavenoideawhatIamdoing.Ihavetomakeallthesedecisionsaboutlocal,locallong-distance,andlong-distancecarriers.

M:Iknow.It'sreallycomplicated.InAmerica,wehavesomewherebetweenfiveandtenthousandlong-distancetelephonecompanies.Competitionisnice,butsometimesIthinkwehavetoomuchchoice!Itwaseasierbeforederegulationintheearlyeighties.Thetelecommunicationsindustryhasbecomefartooconfusing,butatleastpriceshavereallygonedowninthelasttwentyyears.

W:WhydoIneedtochoosemorethanonecompany?

M:Wedividetelephoneserviceintothreecategories:local,locallong-distance,andlong-distance.Yourlong-distancecompanyallowsyoutocallforeigncountries,otherAmericanstates,andothercitiesinyourstate.Yourlocallong-distancecompanyallowsyoutocallsuburbsorregionsjustoutsideyourcity.And,ofcourse,yourlocalcompanyallowsyoutoplacecallswithinyourowncity.

W:Buttheyonlyaskedmetochoosealocallong-distancecompanyandalong-distancecompany.Don'tIgettochoosemylocalservice?

M:InSouthernCalifornia,wereallydon'thavemuchchoiceyetwhenitcomestolocalservice.It'sstillbasicallyamonopoly.

W:Isitreallyexpensivetomakelocaltelephonecallsthen?Howmuchdoesitcostperminute?

M:Actually,formostpeople,localcallsdonothaveaperminutecharge.Youpayyourlocaltelephonecompanyamonthlyservicefeeofaroundtentofifteendollarsforyourlocalservice,butthenwedon'thavetopayperminute.

(23)

A.Lowerprices.

B.Morechoices.

C.Morecompetition.

D.Morecompanies.

35.听力原文：W:HaveyoufinishedtheassignmentgivenbyProfessorSmith?Idon'tthinkyouhavemuchdifficultydoingthatexperiment.

M:No,butIdidn'texpectitwouldtakememostoftheday.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Hefailedtofinishtheexperimentthatday.

B.Hehasn'thadtimetodotheexperiment.

C.Hedidonlypartoftheexperiment.

D.Theexperimentturnedoutwell.

36.

【B2】

37.听力原文：M:Howaboutgoingonacampingtripnextweekwithus?Weareplanningonhikingandcanoeinginthestatepark.

W:Thatsoundsmostfun.ButI'dbetterwarnyoubeforehand,I'veneverbeeninacanoeandIamnotmuchofaswimmereither.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(14)

A.She'drathergoswimmingthanhiking.

B.Sheneedstobuyacanoebeforethetrip.

C.She'dliketogoalthoughshehaslittleexperience.

D.Shedoesn'tenjoycamping.

38.(22)

A.Itdoesn'tmoveatall.

B.Itmovesmuchfasterthanregularlines.

C.It'snexttotheregularlines.

D.It'sherfavorite.

39.(14)

A.Saturdayafternoonwastheman'sbusyhours.

B.Mr.Smithisanoldfriendoftheman's.

C.Themanwon'tbeabletoenjoyalongsiesta.

D.Themanwillenjoyhimselfthatafternoon.

40.

【B8】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Thefavorableeffectofacrucibledependsonwhetheraleader______.

A.proveshimself/herselftobeanewly-emergentone

B.acceptsitasausefulexperienceforprogress

C.shrinksbackfromtiringandtryingexperiences

D.drawsimportantlessonsforhis/herfollowers

42.

WhatisCongressandtheadministration'sattitudetowardstheFedandtheTreasury'actions?

A.Theythinktheiractionsaretoodramaticforthesituation.

B.Beingpickyatfirst,theyfinallysupporttheiractions.

C.Theytotallyapproveofthedramaticinterventionsfortheexperienceof1929.

D.Theythinkthebankingcatastrophenowisnotabigdeal.

43.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

GotoiTunesorRhapsodyandsearchfor"Beatles"andwheredoyouwindup?Nowhere,man.Thegreatestrockgroupeverdoesn'tsellitssongsonline.That'swhythemanagingdirectoroftheBeatles'recordlabel,NeilAspinall,madeastirrecentlywhenherevealedthattheFabFourwerefinallyplanningtoselltheirsongsonInternetstores--butonlyafteralong-termprojectofremasteringthesongswascompleted.

Duringtheirheyday,themoptopscouldgetawaywithanything(likesellingwatered-downversionsoftheirU.K.albumsinAmerica,or"RevolutionNo.9").ButtheBeatlestoday(thelivingmembersandheirsofGeorgeandJohn)don'tseemtounderstandthateventheycan'tcontroltheInternet.Aglimpseoftheirthinkingcamein2004,whenthegroupconsideredgoingonlinewithaserviceotherthaniTunes.MicrosoftwasbuildinganInternetstoretocompetewithiTunes,andtheFabFour'speopleactuallydiscussedtermswiththeSofties.Accordingtoasourceclosetothenegotiations(whowouldnotbeidentifiedbecauseofthesensitivityoftheissue),theBeatleswanted$15millionforstarters--notasanadvanceagainstroyalties,butacashpayout--forawindowofexclusivitythatwouldendafter90days.AfterthattheBeatleswouldbefreetoselltheirsongseverywhereelseontheNet.Evenworse,theBeatlesdemandedthattheirtunesbetreateddifferentlyfromanyothersongsinthestore."Itwouldbeawalledgarden,aBeatlesstorewithinthestore,"thesourcetoldme."IfyouboughtaBeatlessong,you'dgoimmediatelytocheckoutandwouldn'tbeabletoaddanyoneelse'ssongstothepurchase."Thisapproachisantitheticaltowhatmakesanonlinemusicstoresuccessful--itmustbesoconvenientanddelightfulthatpeoplepayforwhatisavailableonthefile-sharingservicesfreeofcharge.Microsoftwalkedaway.

TheBeatles'stanceonlyhurtstheband.TheirobstinacyhasnotdeterredmillionsoffansfromloadingBeatlesmusiconcomputersandMP3players--itjustmeansthatnoonepaysforthesongs.EvenGeorgeW.BushhasfiguredouthowtogetBeatlessongsonhisiPod.PeoplesimplyriptheCDstheyalreadyownintoiTunesorotherjukeboxsoftware.Ortheyusetheirfriends'CDs.Ortheygrabthesongsonline;accordingtothemarket-researchfirmNPDGroup,theBeatlesarethefifthmostpopularbandamongillegaldownloaders.

Duringthemaniayearsofthe1960s,JohnLennononcedescribedtheBeatlesasbeingbiggerthanJesus.Butin2006,theInternetisbiggerthantheBeatles.InsteadoffightingtheNet,theBeatlescanuseittoreinvigoratetheirglory.Whathappenedto"Wecanworkitout"?

Thefollowingstatementsarecorrectexcept______.

A.youcannotbuyaBeatlesrecordiniTunes

B.Beatlesareplanningtoselltheirmusicontheinternet

C.BeatlesoncecontrolledtheInternet

D.BeatleshavetriedtoselltheirmusicontheInternetbefore

44.

WhatimpressedtheauthormostwhenhewenttowatchthelionsintheGirForest?

A.Theirfriendliness.

B.Theirsize.

C.Theirintimacy.

D.Theirvitality

45.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Crimeisnotrandom,butexhibitscertainregularities.Itoccursmorefrequentlyatcertaintimes,incertaingroups,atcertainplaces,andundercertainconditions.Thatistosay,crimehasitsowncycles,amagazinereportedsomeyearsago.Policerecordsthatwerestudiedforfiveyearsfromover2,400citiesandtownscorrespondinglyshowasurprisinglinkbetweenchangesintheseasonandcrimepatterns.

Thepatternofcrimehasvariedverylittleoveralongperiodofyears.Forparticulartypesofcrime,e.g.murderorrobbery,variationoccursbyseason,day,andtimeofoccurrence.Generallyspeaking,murderismorelikelytooccurduringthelatespringandsummer,peakinginJulyandAugust,asarerapeandotherviolentattacks.Moreover,murder,ismorethanseasonal:itisaweekendcrime.Itisalsoanighttimecrime:62percentofmurdersarecommittedbetween6p.m.and6a.m.

Unlikethesummerhighincrimesofbodilyharm,burglaryhasadifferentcycle.Itisreportedthatrobberyoccursmorefrequentlyinthecoldwintermonthsreachingitspeakduringtheholidayseason.That'swhyyouaremostlikelytoberobbedbetween6p.m.and2a.m.onaSaturdaynightinDecember,January,orFebruary.Whatisthemostuncriminalmonthofall?May—exceptforonestrangestatistic.Moredogbitesarereportedinthismonththaninanyothermonthoftheyear.

Apparentlyourintellectualseasonalcyclesarecompletelydifferentfromourcriminaltendencies.ProfessorHuntington,oftheFoundationfortheStudyofCycles,madeextensivestudiestodiscovertheseasonswhenpeoplereadseriousbooks,attendscientificmeetings,makethehighestscoresonexaminations,andproposethemostchangestopatents.Inallinstances,hefoundaspringpeakandanautumnpeakseparatedbyasummerlow.Ontheotherhand,ProfessorHuntington'sstudiesindicatedthatJuneisthepeakmonthforsuicidesandadmissionstomentalhospitals.Juneisalsoapeakmonthformarriages!

Possiblysoaringthermometersandhighhumiditybringonourstrangeandterrifyingsummeractions,butpoliceofficialsarenotsure."Thereis,ofcourse,noproofofaconnectionbetweenhumidityandmurder,"theysay."Whymurder'shightimeshouldcomeinthesummertimewereallydon'tknow."

Asurprisinglinkbetweenchangesintheseasonandcrimepatternsimpliesthat______.

46.

Prof.Gallantbelievesthatabrain-readingprocesscanbeappliedonlywiththesubject's______.

47.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.Lynchsyndromeisakindofcoloncancer

B.comparedwithaspiringroup,morepeoplewhotookplacebohasdevelopedcoloncancerafterfouryearsaccordingtoJohnBurn'sstudy

C.theeffectsofaspirinagainstcoloncancerwilldisappearoncepeoplestoppedtakingit

D.peoplewithstomachachearesuitabletotakeadailydoseofaspirin

48.Theauthor'spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthemostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemployinstructionalmethodsthathavebeenprovenineffective.Thestayingpowerofthe"look-say"or"whole-word"methodofteachingbeginningreadingisperhapsthemostnotoriousexampleofthisfailuretoinstructeffectively.

The"whole-word"approachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningofletters,thinkingoverdecoding,developingasightvocabularyoffamiliarwordsoverdevelopingtheabilitytounlockthepronunciationofunfamiliarwords.Itfitsinwiththeself-directed,"learninghowtolearn"activitiesrecommendedbyadvocatesof"open"classroomsandwiththeconceptthatchildrenhavetobedevelopmentallyreadytobeginreading.Before1963,nomajorpublisherputoutanythingbutthese"RanSpotRun"readers.

However,in1955,RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled"thegreatdebate"inbeginningreading.Inhisbest-sellerWhyJohnnyCan'tRead,Fleschindicted(控拆)thenation'spublicschoolsformiseducatingstudentsbyusingthe"look-say"method.Hesaid—andmorescholarlystudiesbyJeaneChallandRovertDykstralaterconfirmed—thatanotherapproachtobeginningreading,foundedonphonics,isfarsuperior.

Systematicphonicsfirstteacheschildrentoassociatelettersandlettercombinationswithsounds;itthenteachesthemhowtoblendthesesoundstogethertomakewords,Ratherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwords,itimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep.

Themethodsofteachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartcriticizedbytheauthorincluderelyingoneducators,ineffectiveinstructionalmethodsand______.

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Jerrywasthekindofguywhowasalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshadsomethingpositivetosay.Whensomeonewouldaskhimhowhewasdoing,hewouldreply,"IfIwereanybetter,Iwouldbetwins!"

Hewasauniquemanagerbecausehehadseveralwaiterswhohadfollowedhimaroundfromrestauranttorestaurant.ThereasonthewaitersfollowedJerrywasbecauseofhisattitude.Hewasanaturalmotivator.Ifan