2022-2023年山东省济南市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2022-2023年山东省济南市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Anxietyiscausedbysomecertainreasoninsteadofmultiplereasons.

B.Anxietymakesyouhateyourjobandunwillingtodoyourwork.

C.Themorelong-lastingtheanxietyis,themoresymptomspeoplesufferfrom.

D.Manysymptomswillcomealongwithasingleanxietyatonetime.

2.

Toomanygrammarandspellingmistakesarelikelytoleadtoa______.

3.DoingBusinessinAsia

ManyWesternerswantingtodobusinessesinAsiannationsseekinformationandadviceaboutthingstheyneedtoknowinordertobesuccessful.ByWesternerswhohavealreadybeenworkinginAsiannations,theyaretoldtorememberasprioritiesthe"Fs":family,face,fate,favorsandfriends.AlthoughtheydohavesomesubtledifferencesinmeaningsandconnotationsindifferentpartsofAsia,nevertheless,Westernbusinessmenneedtobesensitivetotheseissuesiftheywishtobesuccessful.Thefive"Fs"areexplainedinthefollowingway.

Family:Thismeansthatbusinessisoftencloselyconnectedtofamilyandthatthereisafamilynetworkthatbranchesoutregionallyandinternationally,providingefficientpolitical,financialandemotionalsupport,aswellasdistributionknowledge.ThisnetworkingisparticularlyobviousamongChinesewhocontrolhugebusinesssegmentsinAsiaandarebyfarthemostsuccessfulbusinessgroupintheregion.Theirlargepresencealsohelps--Singaporeis77percentChinese;Malaysia,45percent;Taiwan,aChineseprovince,99percent.IndonesiaandthePhilippinesalsohavesizableandprosperousChinesecommunities.ItisexplainedthattheimportanceoffamilygoesbacktoConfucius,whotaughtthatfamilyrepresentsrelationshipsthatonecantrust.AlthoughfamiliesintheWestmaybeconnected,theyarealmostneverascloselyconnectedasinConfucianAsia.ThisfamilydependenceisalsotreeinKorea.ThelargestcorporationinSouthKoreaisHyundai,amultibillion-dollarcompany.Headedbytheeldestbrother,thecompany'sfivemajordivisionsareeithermanagedbyoneofthefivebrothers,abrother-in-laworason-in-law.

Face:Twointerpretationsaregivenforthemeaningof"face".Oneisliteral--Asiansliketodobusinessface-to-face.Theywanttoputafacetogetherwithabusiness,torecognizeanindividualandtoassociatewithagivencompany.ManyforeigncompanieshavemadethemistakeofsendingaseriesofdifferentexecutivestoAsiaduringlengthycontractnegotiations.Theyareadvisednottodothis;ifnegotiationsarestartedbyoneindividual,theyshouldbecompletedbythatsamepersonifatallpossible.However,ifachangemustbemade,thenthefirstpersonshouldtakethenewoneandformallypresenthimashissuccessorsothatthetwofacesareidentified.Thesecondinterpretationof"face"isthatinawayitmeans"respect".Thebusinessmanistoldthathemustshowthe"properrespect"accordingtotheageandpositionofthepersonheisdealingwithandalsotakeintoaccountthesizeoftheperson'scompanyincomparisonwithhisown.InWesterncountries,ageisnotnecessarilygivenrespect,butinConfuciusAsia,ageisgivengreatrespect.Thusbusinessmenaretoldtoalwayspayattentiontoanyelderlypersonsattendingabusinessmeeting.TheyarealsowarnedthatitisverydifficultforJapanesetospeakdirectlyandsayno.Theywilldoalmostanythingtoavoidsayingno,eventothepointofnotgivinganansweratall.Bygivingnoanswerorsayingsomethinglike“I’llthinkaboutit",or"I'llconsiderit".Theyare"savingface",andreallymean"no".ThisistheoppositeoftheWestern"yesorno"mentality.ThusaWesternbusinessmaniswarnednevertoputaJapanesebusinessmaninthepositionofhavingtosay"yes"or"no".

Businessmenarealsogivenadviceabouthowtoshow"face"tosomeoneofhigherrank.RichardTallboy,CEOoftheWorldCoalOrganization,whohashadextensiveexperienceinAsia,tellsforeignersnottoforgetthe"Chairman's1/2percentofthechairman'sownpocket."HesaysthatthismeanstheyshouldalwaysstartnegotiatingatahigherpricewithAsians.Inthefirstroundnegotiationsforeignersshouldallowthemselvestocomedowninprice10percent.Inthesecondroundofnegotiationstheyshouldatlast

A.YB.NC.NG

4.Ifyoufailtosay"thankyou"tothereceptionists,theywillhavenegativeimpressionsofyou.

5.

Thepistonofanatural-gasvehiclemovesupanddownbythepowerof______.

A.thesparkplug

B.thefour-strokeengine

C.theairinthecylinder

D.theheatofnatural-gasburning

6.

TokeeptheEarthoutofwarm,wecandestroytheMethanewith______.

A.greenhousegasB.sunlightC.waterD.oxygen

7.

Americanhighschoolstudentssinkalmosttothebottominasurveyofmathandscienceliteracybecausetoomanyofthehighschool______inAmericaarenotqualified.

8.

Stranglersaresocalledbecausethey______byblockingthesunlightandcompetingforthenutrients.

9.

ThisarticletellsusthatfurtherstudiesareneededtoassessthepotentialrisksofGMfoodseventhoughthetechnologypromisesmanybenefits.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.WhyPeopleBuy

Whydopeoplebuy?Whydopeoplechoosetobuycertainproducts?Theseareimportantquestionsformanufacturersandbusinesses.Oneofthereasonsisadvertising.Manufacturersknowthateffectiveadvertisementssellproducts.Theyunderstandpeople'hemarketplace.Theyhavestudiedthepsychologyofadvertisingandbuying.Manufacturersanalyzethebusinessofsellingandbuyingallthetime.Thisiscalledmarketresearch.Theyknowallthedifferentmotivesthatinfluenceaconsumer'spurchase.Onlysomeofthereasonsforbuyingarerational;mostofthereasonsareemotional.

Thebusinessofsellinginthemarketplaceiscompetitive.Manufacturerscompeteforspecialdisplayplaces.Inagrocerystore,eachonewantstoowntheeyeleveldisplay.Manyshoppersdonotpurchaseproductsfromthetoporbottomshelves.Thecustomerisofteninahurry,andthecustomerishuman.Therefore,thecustomerbuystheproductwithineasyreach.Shoppersbuymoreproductsthattheycanseeeasily.Ontelevision,examplesofspecialdisplayplacesincludecommercials,oradvertisementsduringmajorsportsevents,liketheWorldCup,theOlympics,thehockeychampionships,andtheSuperBowl.Manufacturerspaylargeamountsofmoneytoadvertisetheirproductsontelevisionbecausemillionsofpeopleseethesegames.Otherspecialdisplayopportunitiesarcadsinmagazines.Thebestadvertisingspacesareontheinsideofthefrontorbackcoverofthemagazine.TheInternetisanotherspecialdisplayopportunityforadvertisers.TheyputtheiradvertisementsontheInternet.Acomputeruserwhoislookingforinformationaboutaspecialplantmayseeadsforflowersonthescreennexttotheinformation.Orasportsfanwhoislookingforthescoresofagamemayseeadsforsportsequipment.Thetravelerwhoismakingrentalcarreservationsmayseeadsforcarsandrentalagencies.Theadvertisementsarecleverandentertaining.Theypopupandflashonthescreen.Liketheotherkindsofadvertising,theypersuadepeopletobuy.

Manufacturersandstoreownersusetheirknowledgeofwhypeoplebuy.Forexample,theyunderstanddecisionbuyingandimpulsebuying.Theyencourageimpulsebuying.Forexample,nearthecheckoutcountersatalotofstores,therearelargerackswithmanyproductsonthem.Atagrocerystorecheckoutcounter,theremaybecollectionsoflittlebooks,magazines,candy,gum,razorblades,softdrinks,andotherlittlethings.Thesedisplaysareveryattractive.Thecustomersgotothecheckoutcountertopayfortheirpurchases;shoppershavealreadymadealltherational,wellthought-outdecisionsaboutbuying.Theyarefeelinggoodabouttheirchoices.Theyknowthattheyhaveshoppedwell.However,atthispoint,shoppersarevulnerable.Thecustomersstandthereandwaittopayfortheirpurchases.Theireyesmoveovertheattractivedisplaysofcandyandthecolorfulpicturesonthemagazines.Thensuddenlyonecustomerbuyssomethingextra.Thecustomerdoesnotneedorplantobuycandyormagazines—thesearenotrationaldecisions.However,foremotionalreasons,thecustomerbuys.Whathappened?Waitingforafewminutesinline,thecustomerpickedupamagazinetolookatit.Suddenlythecustomerdecidedtotakethemagazinehometofinishanarticle.Andthatisexactlywhatthestoreownerandmanufacturerhopewillhappen:theyexpectthecustomertobuyforanemotionalreason.

Buyingthemagazineatthecheckoutcounterisanexampleofanemotionalpurchase.However,manypurchasesarejusttheopposite.Theyarerational,wellthoughtout.Logicalbuyersusuallythinkabouteconomy,dependability,andconvenienceintheirpurchases.However,sometimesadvertisementschangetheirminds.Forexample,fifteen-year-oldJonathanchoosestheexpensiveathleticshoesthatheseesonthefeetofabasketba

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Atthepointofyoursittingdown,therecruiter'sdecisiononyouis______made.

12.

Thesymptomsofinfluenzaarequitesimilartothoseofother______.

13.

Ifmostemployeesoftentakebusinesstrips,thentheofficecouldbemuchsmaller.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

WhatGarretJonesreallywantsisto______.

15.Thevolunteersweresurprisedatthefactthatineverydaydecision-making,people'sbeliefsareoften______.

16.

Oldpeopleshouldn'tbothertochangetheireatinghabitsbecauseit'stoolateforittodothemanygood.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Becauseofdeforestation,wearelosingmanypreciousspeciestohumanbeings,whichmayeventuallyleadtoalossof______onalargescale.

18.

Sleddogsdon'tusereins,instead,theyfollow______.

19.

Vegetableoils,nutsandseedsarerichinsaturatedfat.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.PopulationGrowthRates

Populationshaveabirthrate(thenumberofyoungproducedperunitofpopulationperunitoftime),adeathrate(thenumberofdeathsperunitoftime),andagrowthrate.Themajoragentofpopulationgrowthisbirths,andthemajoragentofpopulationlossisdeaths.Whenbirthsexceeddeaths,apopulationincreases;andwhendeathsexceedadditionstoapopulation,itdecreases.Whenbirthsequaldeathsinagivenpopulation,itssizeremainsthesame,anditissaidtohavezeropopulationgrowth.

Whenintroducedintoafavorableenvironmentwithanabundanceofresources,asmallpopulationmayundergogeometric,orexponential(指数的)growth,inthemannerofcompoundinterest.Manypopulationsexperienceexponentialgrowthintheearlystagesofcolonizingahabitatbecausetheytakeoveranunderexploitednicheordriveotherpopulationsoutofaprofitableone.Thosepopulationsthatcontinuetogrowexponentially,however,eventuallyreachtheupperlimitsoftheresources;theythendeclinesharplybecauseofsomecatastrophic(灾难的)eventssuchasstarvation,disease,orcompetitionfromotherspecies.Inageneralway,populationsofplantsandanimalsthatcharacteristicallyexperiencecyclesofexponentialgrowtharespeciesthatproducenumerousyoung,providelittleinthewayofparentalcare,orproduceanabundanceofseedshavinglittlefoodreserves.Thesespecies,usuallyshort-lived,disperserapidlyandareabletocolonizeharshordisturbedenvironments.Suchorganismsareoftencalledopportunisticspecies.

Otherpopulationstendtogrowexponentiallyatfirst,andthenlogistically—thatis,theirgrowthslowsasthepopulationincreases,thenlevelsoffasthelimitsoftheirenvironmentorcarryingcapacityarereached.Throughvariousregulatorymechanisms,suchpopulationsmaintainsomethingofanequilibrium(平衡)betweentheirnumbersandavailableresources.Animalsexhibitingsuchpopulationgrowthtendtoproducefeweryoungbutdoprovidethemwithparentalcare;theplantsproducelargeseedswithconsiderablefoodreserves.Theseorganismsarelong-lived,havelowdispersalrates,andarepoorcolonizersofdisturbedhabitats.Theytendtorespondtochangesinpopulationdensity(thenumberoforganismsperunitarea)throughchangesinbirthanddeathratesratherthanthroughdispersal.Asthepopulationapproachesthelimitofresources,birthratesdecline,andmortalityofyoungandadultsincreases.

CommunityInteractions

Majorinfluencesonpopulationgrowthinvolvevariouspopulationinteractionsthattiethecommunitytogether.Theseincludecompetition,bothwithinaspeciesandamongspecies;predation(掠夺行为),includingparasitism(寄生状态);andco-evolution,oradaptation.

1.Competition

Whenasharedresourceisinshortsupply,organismscompete,andthosethataremoresuccessfulsurvive.Withinsomeplantandanimalpopulations,allindividualsmaysharetheresourcesinsuchawaythatnoneobtainssufficientquantitiestosurviveasadultsortoreproduce.Amongotherplantandanimalpopulations,dominantindividualsclaimaccesstothescarceresourcesandothersareexcluded.Individualplantstendtoclaimandholdontoasiteuntiltheylosevigorordie.Thesepreventotherindividualsfromsurvivingbycontrollinglight,moisture,andnutrientsintheirimmediateareas.

Manyanimalshaveahighlydevelopedsocialorganizationthroughwhichresourcessuchasspace,food,andmatesareapportionedamongdominantmembersofthepopulation.Suchcompetitiveinteractionsmayinvolvesocialdominance,inwhichthedominantindividualsexcludesubdominantindividualsfromtheresource;ortheymayinvolveterritoriality,inwhichthedominantindividualsdividespaceintoexclusiveareas,whichtheydefend.Subdominantorexcludedindividualsareforcedtoliv

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B11】

22.

【B7】

23.【B4】

24.(25)

A.Housesalescompany.

B.Motorsalescompany.

C.Foodsalescompany.

D.Travelagency.

25.(24)

A.Informationonafter-salesservice.

B.Apictureofthenewestcomputers.

C.Alistofsoftwareandhardwareproducts.

D.InformationaboutUltimateComputers.

26.听力原文：M:HowareweevergoingtofinishthisprojectbyWednesday?

W:Well,we'lljusthavetorollupoursleevesandhopeforthebest.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(19)

A.Theyhavetofinishitquickly.

B.Theyhavetousewhattheyhave.

C.Theyhavetoworkhardanddotheirbest.

D.Theymustredotheprojectandhopeitimproves.

27.听力原文：M:DidyouseethesketchesthatJasondidofthelake?

W:HowhecancapturesomuchwithjustafewlinesismorethanIcanfigureout!

Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkofJason'ssketches?

(19)

A.Shepreferstheonesofhuntingscenes.

B.Shedislikesthosethatlackdetail.

C.Shecan'tunderstandwhattheyrepresent.

D.Sheadmiresthem.

28.听力原文：M:Thoughwedidn'twinthegame,weweresatisfiedwithourperformance.

W:Youdidagreatjob.Youalmostbeattheworld'schampions.It'sarealsurprisetomanypeople.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?

(17)

A.Theybothenjoyedwatchingthegame.

B.Peopleweresurprisedattheirwinningthegame.

C.Theybothfeltgoodabouttheresultsofthegame.

D.Themanthoughttheresultswerebeyondtheirexpectations.

29.

【B8】

30.听力原文：W:Doyouevergettiredofthesametopicsalwaysbeingdiscussedatcouncilmeetings?

M:DoI?YouknowsometimesIthinksomemembershavenothingbettertotalkabout.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmeanaboutthecouncilmembers?

(18)

A.Theyhaveanarrowrangeoftopicstodiscuss.

B.Theybringupthemostimportantissue.

C.Theyhaveinterestingtopicstodiscuss.

D.Theyhavelittleknowledge.

31.听力原文：M:What'sMr.PetersongoingtodowithhisoldhouseonLondonRoad,rentitorsellit?

W:Iheardheisthinkingofturningitintoarestaurant,whichisn'tabadidea,becauseit'sstillasolidbuilding.

Q:WhatwillMr.Petersondowithhisoldhouse?

(19)

A.Hemayconvertitanduseitasarestaurant.

B.Hemaypullitdownandbuildanewrestaurant.

C.Hemayrentitoutforuseasarestaurant.

D.Hemaysellittotheownerofarestaurant.

32.听力原文：M:Excuseme,madam.Wouldyoumindlettingmetakealookinyourbag?

W:Ibegyourpardon?

M:I'dliketolookintoyourbag,ifyoudon'tmind.

W:Whoareyoutoinsist?Iadviseyoutotakeoff,beforeIcallapoliceman.

M:Iamapoliceman,madam.Here'smyidentitycard.

W:What'?Oh...well...andjustwhatfightdoesthatgiveyoutogoaroundlookingintopeople'sbags?

M:Nonewhatsoever,unlessIhavereasontobelievethatthere'ssomethinginthebagsbelongingtosomeoneelse.

W:Whatdoyoumeanbelongingtosomeoneelse?

M:Well,perhaps,thingsthathaven'tbeenpaidfor?

W:Areyoutalkingaboutstolengoods?

M:Exactly,butifthecitizensarehonest,theywouldn'tmind,wouldthey?

W:Stoppingpeopleinthestreetanddemandingtoseewhatintheirbags!

M:I'msorry.I'mtryingtodomyjobaspolitelyaspossible.However,Imustinsistonseeingwhatyouhaveinyourbag.

W:Andwhat,precisely,doyouexpecttofindinthere'?

M:Thankyou,madam.

W:Notatall.

M:Mm.Sixteenlipsticks?

W:Yes,nothingunusualinthat.Iliketochangethecolorwithmymood.

M:Iseeyousmokealot.Fifteencigarettelighters!

W:Yes,Iamratheraheavysmoker.

M:NowareyougoingtocomealongquietlyoramIgoingtohavetocallforhelp?

W:Butthisisunfair!

(20)

A.Abusinessmaninastore.

B.Awanderinthestreet.

C.Amateurdetective.

D.Apolicemanwithplainclothes.

33.听力原文：W:Excuseme,Mr.Brown.Mr.Petersoniswaitingatthefrontdesk.

M:Well,leadhimtothemeetingroom.I'llmeethimthereintenminutes.Bytheway,willyoupleasefiletheselettersforme?

Q:Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(14)

A.Colleagues.

B.Customermanagerandclient.

C.Bossandsecretary.

D.Professorandstudent.

34.听力原文：W:Here'sthisweek'sschedule.OnMonday,there'stheboardmeeting.YourspeechattheLion'sClubonTuesday.Then,onWednesday,you'resupposedtoseethedentist.

M:I'mgladIdon'thavetotraveltothebusinessconferenceuntilnextweek.

Q:WhatwillthemandoonTuesday?

(19)

A.Hemustseethedentist.

B.Hemustgiveaspeech.

C.Hehasameetingtoattend.

D.Hemusttraveltoabusinessconference.

35.(29)

A.Itisalsousefultogetridofabadmood.

B.Itistoohardtodogoodtopeople'shealth.

C.Itmayboosttheheartrate.

D.Itishardlyeffectiveinalteringmood.

36.听力原文：Everycountrytendstoacceptitsownwayoflifeasbeingthenormaloneandtopraiseorcriticizeothersastheyaresimilartoordifferentfromit.Andunfortunately,ourpictureofthepeopleandthewayoflifeofothercountriesisoftenadistortedone.

Hereisagreatargumentinfavorofforeigntravelandlearningforeignlanguages.Itisonlybytravelingin,orlivingin.acountryandgettingtoknowitscitizensandtheirlanguage,thatonecanfindoutwhatacountryanditspeoplearereallylike.Andtheknowledgeonegainsthiswayfrequentlyturnsouttobedifferentfromthesecond-handinformationgatheredfromothersources.Howoftenwefindthattheforeignerswhomwethoughttobesuchdifferentpeoplefromourselvesarenotverydifferentafterall!Differencesbetweenpeoplesdo,ofcourseexistand,onehopes,willalwayscontinuetodoso.Theworldwillbeadullplaceindeedwhenallthedifferentnationalitiesbehaveexactlyalike,andsomepeoplemightsaythatwearerapidlyapproachingthisstateofaffairs.Withthemuchgreaterrapidityandeaseoftravel,theremightseemtobesometruthinthisatleastasfarasEuropeisconcerned,Howeverthismaybe,atleast,thegreatereaseoftraveltodayhasrevealedtomorepeoplethaneverbeforethattheEnglishmanorFrenchmanorGermanisnotsomedifferentkindofanimalfromthemselves.

(30)

A.Theywillfindoutwhatitspeoplelike.

B.Theywillargueinfavorofthiscountryandthelanguage.

C.Theywillknowthecountryanditspeoplebetter.

D.Theywilllikeitsinhabitantsandtheirlanguage.

37.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Theredcarpetmatchesthefurniturewell,doesn'tit?

M:ButIstillwishwe'dboughtthebrownone.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(12)

A.Theyhaveboughtthebrowncarpet.

B.Hedoesn'tliketheredcarpet.

C.Theyhavebrownfurniture.

D.Aredcarpetmatchesthebrownfurniture.

38.听力原文：W:Mr.Wilson,yousaidyousawthebuscrashintothetruck.Doyouknowwhatcausedtheaccident?

M:Isawaboyridinghisbicycleinthestreet.Thebusdrivertriedtoavoidhittinghim.Hemadeasuddenturnandlostcontrolofthebus.

Q:Whatcausedthebus-drivertolosecontrolofthebus?

(19)

A.Hemadeasuddenmm.

B.Hedrovethebusoverabicycle.

C.Hetriedtoavoidhittingthetruck.

D.Hewasdrivingtoofast.

39.(28)

A.Theyarefilledwithadvertisements.

B.Theyareinterruptedbyadvertisingmessages.

C.Theymustbeinterestingtohugegroupsofpeople.

D.Theycanbeinterestingonlytosmallgroupsofpeople.

40.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Attendingtheparty.

B.Visitingsomefriends.

C.Studyingforanexam.

D.Takinganexam.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

AllofthefollowingcanbeseenfromthepassagesascausesofterrorismEXCEPTthat______.

A.theyregardthemselvesasindependentpeople

B.theyfeelthatnowidelyrecognizedindependentgovernmentrepresentthem

C.theyarecitedbythosepeoplewithasovereignstategovernment

D.theydonothavemeanstoexercisepoliticalpower

42.

【C9】

43.TheJapanesestaffcomplainedtotheAmericanmanagerbecause______.

A.theAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem

B.thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient

C.moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreases

D.therewasamisunderstandingoftheword"fair"

44.Accordingtothepassage,the"hierarchical"theoryofgalaxyformationsuggeststhatbig,brightgalaxiesformedas______.

45.

InSouthAmerica,inthenext20years22millionhectaresoftropicalforestandsavannawillbedisplacedby______.

46.

Fromthepassagewecaninferthat______.

A.electronicmailwillsoonplaydominantroleintransmittingmessages

B.itwillbecomemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationera

C.peoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsorconferences

D.eventswillbereportedonthespotmainly

47.Robot.Itisawordthatseemsverymodem.Awordthatcreatesastrongmentalpicture.Apictureofsomethingthatlooksandactslikeahuman.Robotsarenothuman,ofcourse.Theyaremachines.

Thewordrobotmadrobotsthemselvesarelessthan100yearsold.Buthumanshavebeendreamingofrealandimaginarycopiesofthemselvesforthousandsofyears.Earlypeoplemadelittlehumanstatuesoutofclay.Andtheycutwoodandstonetolooklikehumans.

Whatisthefutureofrobots?Thegoalofscientistsistocreateatruehumanlikerobot.Someexpertshavedescribedthisrobotofthefutureasonethatcanactindependentlywiththephysicalworldthroughitsownsensesandactions.Humanshavetheabilitytosee,hear,speakandsolveproblems.Engineershavebuiltrobotsthathaveoneortwooftheseabilities.Butittakesanumberofbigexpensivecomputerstomaketherobotswork.

Thebiggestproblemincreatingahumanlikerobotiscopyinghumanintelligence.Thewaythehumanmindworksisalmostimpossibletocopy.Asimplecomputercansolvemathematicalproblemsfarbeyondtheabilityofeventhesmartesthumanmind.Butthehumanmindisbetterthanathousandsupercomputersatspeaking,hearingandproblemsolving.SevenAmericanandJapanesecompaniesareworkingtodevelopthesensesofsightandtouchforrobots.Thedevelopmentofthesesenseswillmakerobotsmuchmoreuseful.

However,themostimportanthumanability—themostdifficulttocopy—isproblemsolving.Anintelligentrobotmustbeabletochangethewayitactswhenitfacesanunexpectedsituation.Humansdoitallthetime.Computersmustdoitforrobots.Thismeanscomputersmusthaveahugebaseofinformationaboutmanythings.Theymustbeabletofindquicklytheneededinformationintheirsystems.Andtheymustmakechoicesabouthowtoact.Sofar,thisisbeyondtheabilityofcomputers.

Accordingtothepassage,howeverintelligentarobotmaybe,it______.

A.actsasanordinaryanimal

B.isnothingbutamachine

C.isviewedasamodernmyth

D.isregardedasahumanbeing

48.

Someeducatorsbegintoteachgirlsandboysseparatelybecause______.

A.someresearchessuggestthatboysandgirlsdonotstudyinthesameway

B.theyareinspiredbythesuccessofYoungWomen'sLeadershipSchool

C.researchesinsingle-sexclassprovethatitworksbetterforeducation

D.problemsincoeducationshowthatasingle-sexschoolmightbeabetterchoice

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmodemtimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheories