系统功能语法视角下唐诗《送友人》及其英译对比分析论文论文

华中科技大学硕士学位论文AbstractHalliday’sSystemicFunctionalGrammarhasexperiencedarapiddevelopmentsinceitwasfirstintroducedintoChinain1970s.Nowadays,therehasappearedatendencyofanalyzingandevaluatingtranslationsunderthistheoreticalframework.ThisthesisisanattempttostudythetranslationoftheclassicalChinesepoemSongYouRenfromtheperspectiveofSystemicFunctionalGrammar.TotestifythefeasibilityofSystemicFunctionalGrammarappliedinappreciatingthepoem’stranslations,thisthesisexplorestherealizationofthreemeta-functionsofthepoemaswellasitstentranslatedversions.Tobespecific,theoriginalpoemanditstenEnglishversionsareconsideredastextsandthispaperprobesintotheirrealizationofthethreemeta-functionsintermsoftransitivity,logicalrelations,moodstructure,thematicstructureandcohesionofthetexts,andgivesadescriptivecriticismofthesetexts.ThethesisfindsouttosomeextentthetheoreticalframeworkofSystemicFunctionalGrammarworkswellwiththeanalysesofthetranslations.Intherealizationofideationalfunction,mosttranslatorssticktothemainstreamoftheprocesstypesaswellaslogicalrelations,showingthattheymanagetorepresentsimilarexperiencesdepictedintheoriginalpoem.Stillsomeshiftsexistandexplanationsaregiveninthepaper.Comparedtotherealizationofideationalfunction,moreshiftsexistintranslationsinrealizinginterpersonalandtextualfunctionsduetodifferentcharacteristicsofChineseandEnglish.Byapplyingtheframeworkofthreemeta-functionsinSystemicFunctionalGrammar,itispossibletoofferasystematicappreciationoftheoriginalpoemanditstranslationsfromamorecomprehensiveandscientificperspective.SystemicFunctionalGrammarnotonlyprovidesanewanglefortranslationstudiesofclassicalChinesepoems,butalsohelpstoguidepoetrytranslationpractice.Still,limitationsofapplyingthisapproachtopoetrytranslationalsoexistandtheyarelistedinthelastpartinthispaper.KeyWords:SystemicFunctionalGrammar

SongYouRen

Englishtranslationscomparativeanalysis

threemeta-functionsI独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出奉献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承当。学位论文作者签名：日期：

年

月

日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保存、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保存并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权华中科技大学可以将本学位论文的全部或局部内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。保密?，

在

年解密后适用本授权书。本论文属于不保密?。〔请在以上方框内打“v〞〕学位论文作者签名：

指导教师签名：日期：

年

月

日

日期：

年

月

日华中科技大学硕士学位论文IntroductionPoetry,thehighestformofliterarytext,hasonceoccupiedacentralplaceinliteraturecircle(Wang,2005).Giventheimportantroleofpoetryplayingintheformationofculture,thereisalonghistoryofpoetrytranslationaroundtheworld.Nevertheless,duetothedistinctfeaturesofpoetrylikesound,formsandimages,poetrytranslationhaslongbeenquestionedbysomescholarsandregardedasthemostchallengingtranslationtask.Thoughtheseuniquefeaturesofpoetrylaytremendousobstaclesonitstranslation,stillagreatnumberoftranslatorsaswellaspoetshavemadeunremittingeffortsonit(Ren&Yu,2006).Numerousresearcheshavebeenconductedonpoetrytranslationbytranslatorsandlinguisticscholarshomeandabroad.AndreLefeveresuggestssevenstrategiesforpoetrytranslationandlaterproposesfiveprinciplesthatareusedtoregulatetranslationprocessofpoetrytranslators(Leech,2001).EzraPound,thewell-knownpoetaswellastranslatorinAmerica,formulatedhisopinionsaboutpoetrytranslationthroughrichtranslatingpractice.Histheorystressesemphasisonprecisetransferenceofmeaningsfromtheoriginaltothetranslatedversionincludingindividualwordsandevenfragmentedimages(Li,2005).InChina,scholarsfocusmoreonrenderingoftheaestheticeffectsandthespiritoftheoriginalpoem.Here,severaltheoriesarelisted:Yanfu’s“Faithfulness,Expressiveness,Elegance〞,FuLei’s“SpiritResemblance〞,QianZhongshu’s“Sublimation〞,XuYuanchong’s“ThreeBeauties〞Principle,etc(Xu,2000).Affectedbythesetheories,mostofresearchesonpoetrytranslationinChinaarecarriedoutbyanalyzingandcomparingimages,rhetoricaldevices,rhyming,etc.Recently,scholarsintranslationfieldhavegraduallyattemptedtoapplytheachievementsinotherfieldssuchasliteraturecriticismandappliedlinguisticstotranslationcriticism(Yang,2005).Forexample,WangZaiyu(2021)madeanattempttodrawthereceptiontheoryinliteraturecriticismtoanalyzeEnglishtranslationsofLiBai’spoems.Asfortheapplicationofachievementsinappliedlinguistics,Halliday’sSystemicFunctionalGrammar(hereafterSFG)isprevalentlyappliedintotranslationstudies(Zhang,2005).OnceintroducedintoChinain1977,SFGhasexperiencedarapidandhealthy1华中科技大学硕士学位论文development.Itisafunctionalgrammarpushedinthedirectionofsemantics,whichaccordswiththe“meaning-oriented〞characteristicofChineselinguistics(Si,2007).Actually,in1947HallidaycametoChinaandlearnedChineseinBeijingUniversityasanapprenticeofProfessorLuoChangpeiandlaterProfessorWangLi,whoareboththeexpertsofChineselinguisticsandChinesetraditionandculture(Halliday,1976).Hislinguisticideas,moreorless,wereinfluencedbythesetwoChinesescholars.Accordingly,ithelpstoexplainwhyChinesescholarsconsideredSFGeasytounderstandandtosomeextentfeasibletoChinese(Huang,2000,p.15).Inviewofthiscloselink,somescholarssuchasHuangGuowen(2002,2006)inZhongshanUniversityevenmakeanattempttoanalyzethetranslationofclassicalChinesepoetryunderthetheoreticalframeworkofSFG,whichcastsabrand-newwayonscientificstudyofpoetrytranslation.ClassicalChinesepoetrycreation,asweallknow,isfamousfortheprocessofcudgelingthepoets’brainsforaproperword,namely“LianZi〞(炼字)inChinese.OneprominentexampledescribingthisproductionprocessisanincidencefromJiaDao(贾岛)，apoetoftheTangDynasty.InhispoemLiNingYouJu(?李凝幽居?),hemadeseveralmodificationstothecharacter“推〞(“push〞)intheline“僧敲〔推〕月下门〞，andfinallychosetheword“敲〞(“knock〞)whichgivesprominencetothesoundinaquietnight.Thisincidencewaslatercitedasanexampleofdescribingthesubtleselectionofwordsinpoetrycreation,namelyTuiQiao(“推敲〞)whichreferstotheprocessofchoosingthebestwordforexpressingthemeanings.Similareffortscanbefoundintheline“春风又绿〔到/入/过〕江南岸〞inWangAnshi’s(王安石)poem(Jin,2021,p.2).Asamatteroffact,thechoiceofwordsmadeinclassicalChinesepoetryiscompatiblewiththegistofSFGwhichassertsthatitisatheoryofmeaningofchoice.Apartfromthis,classicalChinesepoetryplayedaveryimportantpartinancientsociallife.PeoplewrotepoemstoexpresstheirfeelingsaboutNature,life,love,ambitionsandthedeparture,etc(Jin,2001,p.86).Inthisway,poetrycanbesaidtofunctionindailysociallife,whichalsoconformstothepropositioninSFG,thatis,thefunctionsoflanguageascommunicationcanberealizedinthespeakers’linguisticchoices.Asaresult,ledbyProfessorHuangGuowen,severalmorescholarsattemptedtoapplySFGtoclassicalChinesepoetrytranslationtotestifythefeasibilityofSFGinthis2华中科技大学硕士学位论文field.However,fewofthemofferedasystematicallydescriptiveanalysisofthetranslationsofclassicalChinesepoems.Forthisreason,theauthorofthethesishaschosenanotedfarewellpoemSongYouRenfromLiBaianditstenEnglishtranslationsasthecorpusdataforthepresentstudy.Thereasonsforthischoicearelistedinthefollowingpart.ThroughadetailedcomparativeanalysisoftheChinesepoemSongYouRenwithitstenEnglishversionsintheframeworkofthethreemeta-functionsinSFG,thisthesistriestoprobetheshiftsaswellasthereasonsformakingtheshiftsindifferentEnglishversions,whichcouldinturntestifytheapplicabilityofSFGinpoetrytranslationaswellasinsertnewideasandscientificapproachesintotranslationstudiesespeciallyinthestudiesofpoetrytranslation.Thethesisconsistsoffiveparts.Theintroductionpartgivesabriefintroductiontothestudiesonpoetrytranslation,thedevelopmentofSystemicFunctionalGrammarandthecloselinkbetweenthem.Andthesignificanceofthestudyisalsopresented.Inthepartofliteraturereview,theapplicationsofSFGtotranslationstudiesandthepreviousstudiesontranslationsofthepoemSongYouRenareintroduced.Andthetheoreticalframeworkofthethesisispresentedindetailforthefollowinganalyses.Latertheauthorintroducesthepurpose,theresearchquestions,thesubjectsandtheinstrumentsofthethesisinthethirdpart,thatis,methodology.Thefourthpartistheresultsanddiscussion.Inthispart,thethesisgivesaspecificcomparativeanalysisofthepoemanditstentranslations.Attheendoftheanalysistheauthorgivesasummaryofthefindings.Thelastpartisconclusion.Inthispart,theauthoranswerstheresearchquestionsinmajorfindingsandillustratestheimplicationsandthelimitationsoftheresearch.3华中科技大学硕士学位论文1

LiteratureReview1.1AnoverviewofapplicationofSystemicFunctionalGrammartotranslationstudies1.1.1AnoverviewofSystemicFunctionalGrammarInfluencedbyJ.R.Firth,arepresentativeofLondonschool,HallidayexploredhisowntheoriesandresearchapproachesofthelanguagebyacceptingFirth’sopinionsontheimportanceofmeaning,thenatureoflanguage,therolesofthecontextinlanguageuse,andthekeypointofresearchonlanguage(Firth,1951).Later,byabsorbingmanyviewpointsfromotherdisciplinesandscholars,Hallidayperfectedhislinguistictheory.Tillnow,Halliday’slinguistictheoryhasdevelopedfornearly50years.Duringthisperiod,itexperiencedtwostages:scaleandcategorygrammar,andSystemicFunctionalGrammar(Eggins,1994).Theformerwasformedearlyin1960s,whenhisCategoriesoftheTheoryofGrammarwaspublished.Laterin1966,Hallidaydevelopedtheconceptof“system〞andreplaced“thescaleandcategorygrammar〞withsystemicgrammar.From1967,Hallidaynoticedtheimportanceoffunctionsoflanguageandcorrelatedthemwithsystemicgrammarandin1968hefirstlyproposedthefourfunctionsofthelanguage,thatis,experientialfunction,logicalfunction,discoursalfunctionandinterpersonalfunction.Yetin1970herevisedthesefourfunctionsintoonlythree,thatis,ideationalFunction,theinterpersonalfunctionandthetextualfunction(Halliday,1970).Thesethreefunctionswerelabeledasthemeta-functionsoflanguage,andtheysymbolizedtheformationofSystemicFunctionalGrammar.SystemicFunctionalGrammarcanbeconsideredtoanalyzethelanguagefromtwoperspectives:oneissystemicgrammar;theotherisfunctionalgrammar(Thompson,2000).Insystemicgrammar,Hallidayinvolvestheideathatalanguageiscomposedofasetofsystems,eachofwhichoffersthespeakerorwriterachoiceofwaysofexpressingmeanings.Infunctionalgrammar,thesesystemsarecorrelatedwiththeirspecificfunctionsandthreemeta-functionsareproposed.Thesetwoaspectsarecloselyinterrelatedandtheycannotbeseparatedfromeachother(Halliday,2000).4华中科技大学硕士学位论文SystemicFunctionalGrammarhasnowbecomeoneofthemostinfluentiallinguistictheoriesinthetwentiethcentury,anditexertsgreatinfluenceonvariousdisciplinesrelatedtolanguage(Hu,2005,p.296).Translationstudiesisoneofthesedisciplines.1.1.2AnoverviewofapplicationsofSFGtotranslationstudiesAsamatteroffact,theearliertheoreticalversionofSFG,scaleandcategorygrammar,originatedideasinHalliday’searlyresearchontherelationshipbetweenlinguisticsandmachinetranslation(Thompson,2000).Onthebasisofthescaleandcategorygrammar,in1964Hallidayalsoexploredhowcomparisonandtranslationarecorrelatedwitheachotherinlanguageteachingandputforwardamodeloftranslation(Bell,1991).AllthesefactshaveshowntousthatitispossibletoapplySFGtotranslationstudies.ThisthesisistostudythetranslationsofthepoemSongYouRenfromtheperspectiveofSFG.So,hereisamusttohaveareviewoverthepreviousstudiesconcerningtranslationandSFGconductedbyscholarsathomeandabroadsothatwecouldlearnsomethingusefulfromthem.ApplicationofSFGtotranslationstudiesabroadSinceSFGhaslongbeenconsideredoneofprevalentlinguistictheoriesdrawninnumerousapplications,severalforeignscholarslikeCatford,Baker,Hatim&MasonandHousehavedoneresearchesoftranslationbyexertingthistheory.Let’shavealookattheirtranslationstudiesbasedonSFG.Catford(1965)canberegardedtobethefirstscholartoapplyHalliday’stheoryof“scaleandcategorygrammar〞totranslationstudies.Earlyin1965,hemadeanattempttoinvestigateproblemsintranslationstudiesusingthenotionofrankscale,categoryandlevelproposedbyHalliday.ThemostimportantcontributionCatfordhasmadeisthatheappliesfunctionalapproachwhichpaysmuchmoreattentiontothecommunicativecharacteristicsoflanguageintohistranslationresearch.ThoughhismodelisquestionedbyMunday(2001,p.61)inthatthismodelisalmostbasedontheanalysisofidealizedexamplesandhisstudyismainlyconductedonthesentenceleveldisregardingthewholetext,hisstudiesstillcastlinguisticinsightsonthefollowingresearchesintranslationstudies.AnothermodelexertingconsiderableinfluencesontranslationstudiesisMona5华中科技大学硕士学位论文Baker’stranslationanalysesoftextwhichareconductedatpragmaticlevel.InsteadofresortingtoHalliday’searlierideasasCatforddoes,MonaBaker’sresearchesaremainlyonthebasisofhiscurrenttheory.ByusingthetermsofSystemicFunctionalGrammar,Baker(1992)probesintotheproblemsoftranslationattextuallevelwiththepurposeofprovidingtranslatorssomeconstructivesuggestions.Sheclaimsthatthemodelofthematicanalysisconcernedwithinformationflow(whichisproposedbySFG)ismainlyEnglish-oriented.Andshepointsoutthattranslatorsshouldpaymuchattentiontothemakednessofthethematicstructure,whichcouldhelpthemgreatlyindecidingwhichformshouldbechosen:themarkedformortheunmarkedform(Baker,1992,p.129).HerresearchhasgreatlyinspiredtranslationstudiesinChina.Hatim&Mason(1990,1997)havealsomaderemarkablecontributionstotheapplicationofSFGtotranslationstudies.Bothscholarsprobeintotheshiftsandtheircausesofthetransitivitysystem,moodsystembetweentheoriginaltextandtheEnglishtranslationstotesttherealizationsoftheideationalandtheinterpersonalmeta-functions.Thislinguistic-orientedapproachoffersanewangletoanalyzenewstexts,whichhelpstogeneratecriticalnewsdiscourseanalysisbasedonSFG.Furthermore,thisapproachalsoinspiresmanyscholarsinChinatoanalyzetranslationofliteraturetextsincludingpoetrytranslations.House(1997)constructsamodeloftranslationqualityassessmentunderthetheoreticalframeworkofSFG,whichlaterilluminatedtheChinesescholarSiXianzhuwhoconstructsasimilarmodel.Housecontendsthatintranslationstudiesboththeoriginaltexts(thesourcetext)andtranslatedversions(thetargettext)shouldbestressedandanalyzedasindependenttexts.Bycomparingthedifferencesbetweentheoriginaltextandthetranslations,sheoutlinesamodeltoassessthequalityofthetranslationsandstressesemphasison“mismatches〞or“errors〞.ThiscomparativeapproachofstudyingtheoriginaltextanditstranslationsalsoshedslightonresearchesinChina.Influencedbytheearlierresearchesoftheseforeignscholars,manyChinesescholarshavealsoattemptedtoapplySFGtotranslationstudies.ApplicationofSFGtotranslationstudiesathomeZhangMeifang(2001)appliesthediscourseanalysisinstylisticsbyanalyzingthegenreandregisterproposedbySFGandmakesacomprehensiveanalysisoftheequivalencesandshiftsinthetranslations.Herresearchaimstoinsertinsightsinto6华中科技大学硕士学位论文teachingpracticeoftranslation,especiallyinpracticeoftranslatingEnglishtoChinese.Sheholdstheviewthatthetranslatorsshouldconsidertwocontextswheninterpretingatext.Thesetwocontextsare:thecontextofsituationandthecontextofculture.Theformeronereferstothespecificcircumstancesoftheinteraction,whilethelatteristhewholebackgroundinwhichthelanguagedevelops(Nida,2001).YangXueyan(2003a)bringsinthenotionof“text〞proposedinSystemicFunctionalGrammarandanalyzesthedifferencesbetweentheoriginalandthetranslationatdifferentlevels.Inherresearch,shesuggeststhatanexcellenttranslationshouldbeinterpretedtocorrespondtotheoriginaloneat“text〞,“genre〞and“register〞thesethreelevels.She(2003b)alsousesSFGtomakeacontrastiveanalysisofthetransferenceofthepunctuationmarksinthepracticeoftranslatingEnglishintoChinesewiththepurposeofguidingteachingpracticeoftranslation.SheconcludesseveraldistinctivegrammaticalfeaturesbetweenEnglishandChineseatsentencelevel.SheclaimsthattranslatorsshouldgetagoodgriponthefunctionsofthepunctuationmarksindifferentstructuresandgraspavailablefunctionalwaysofsubstitutingthemwhentranslatingEnglishintoChinese.SiXianzhuconstructsamodelbasedonHalliday’sSFGandHouse’smodelofqualityassessmentoftranslations.He(2004)regardstranslationstudiesasanindependentdisciplineandsuggeststhatitshoulddrawresearchfruitsfromotherrelatedfieldsespeciallyfromthefieldoflinguistics.InspiredbyHouse,he(2005)reviseshisownmodelinwhichthelinguisticanalysisandculturalanalysisareintegrated.Totestthefeasibilityofthemodel,healsoapplieshismodeltotheevaluationoftwoEnglishversionsofthefamousnovelKongYiji(?孔乙己?)writtenbyLuXun.HuWei(2021)alsoappliesSiXianzhu’smodelintotheevaluationofChinesetranslationsofByron’spoemOnThisWayICompleteMyThirty-sixthYear.Herevisesthemodelsothatitcouldmatchdistinctfeaturesofpoetry.Basedonthisrevisedmodel,heanalyzestransitivity,moodstructureandthematicstructureintheoriginalpoemanditsChineseversions.HealsoinvestigatesthedeviationsoftheEnglishversionsatthreelevelsofthemeta-functionsandmakesaspecificevaluationonthem.XuJun(2004)makesaanalysisoftranslationsofTheScholars(?儒林外史?)translatedbyYangXianyiattextuallevelproposedbySystemicFunctionalGrammar.Inhisresearch,hestressestheimportanceofthecontextwhenmakingacomparative7华中科技大学硕士学位论文analysisbetweentheoriginalChinesenovelandtheEnglishtranslatedtext.HuangGuowencanbeconsideredthefirstscholartomakeanattempttoapplythreemeta-functionsinSFGtoassessmentofclassicalChinesepoetrytranslation.Headoptsthedescriptivecriticismindiscourseanalysiswhenanalyzingpoetrytranslationundertheframeworkofthreemeta-functionsinSFG.Forexample,he(2002)makesadetailedanalysisofthetransitivity,logic-semanticrelationsandthematicstructuresinthepoem?清明?(QingMing)byDuMu(杜牧)anditsEnglishtranslationsfromtheperspectiveofexperientialandinterpersonalmeta-functions.He(2006)evenpublishesseveralmonographstomakefurtherstudiesonthissubject.HisideaofapplyingSFGapproachtoanalyzethetranslationofclassicalChinesepoetryshedsbrightlightonclassicalChinesepoetrytranslationstudies.Influencedbyhim,severalmorescholarslikeLiFagen(2006),ChaiXiujuan(2021)andYinXifang(2007)madesimilarattemptstotestifythisapproach.Insummary,asanimportanttheoryinthefieldoflinguistics,Halliday’sSFGcanbeappliedtotranslationstudies.ButisitapplicabletotheappreciationofallclassicalChinesepoems?Totestifythis,thisthesisintendstoanalyzethefamouspoemSongYouRencreatedbyLiBaianditstenEnglishversionsundertheframeworkofSFG.1.2PreviousstudiesonthetranslationofthepoemSongYouRen1.2.1AbriefintroductiontothepoemSongYouRenanditsEnglishversionsIntheTangDynasty,themostprosperousperiodofpoetrycreationinChina,considerableamountofpoemswerewrittenbyfamouspoetssuchasLiBai(李白),WangWei(王维),MengHaoran(孟浩然),DuFu(杜甫),BaiJuyi(白居易),etc.Thesebeautifulpoems,representingthetypicallifestylesofahistoricalera,areconsideredasgreatculturalheritageofmodernChina.Amongthesepoets,themostinfluentialoneintheTangDynastyshallbeLiBai(李白),whoisalsorenownedasPoetImmortal(诗仙).HisfarewellpoemofSongYouRen(?送友人?)isatypicalrhymedonecontainingrichimages,thenotedfeatureoffarewellpoems(Yang,1997,p.132).ManypoetsandtranslatorshomeandabroadinterpretthispoemandtheauthorofthisthesiscolletsitstenEnglishversions,whichprovidessufficientcorpusdatafortheanalysis.that’swhy8华中科技大学硕士学位论文thisthesisselectsSongYouRentomakethecomparativeanalysis.Accordingtosomescholars(Chen,2021,p.7),thepoemiscreatedintheautumnofA.D.732whenLiBai’sbosomfriendCuiZongzhi(崔宗之)hadforNanyangofHenanprovince.Thispoemformsavividpictureoffarewellbyinterweavingthebeautifulnaturalsceneswiththetwofriends’deepemotions.Inthepoem,LiBaiusessceneryimageslikefloatingcloudsandtheredsettingsunandevencomparesthesadneighsofthepartinghorseswithsorrowsofthepartingfriends,expressingimplicitlybuteffectivelyhisunwillingnesstosaygoodbyetohisfriend(Xie,2021,p.11).Attractedbythecharmofthispoem,manyscholarsandtranslatorshomeandabroadtriedtotranslatethisbeautifulpoemintoEnglish(Shao,2004).ThecollectedtenEnglishversionsaretranslatedrespectivelybyEzzraPound,Giles,Fletcher,AmyLowell,Obata,Bynner,XuYuanchong,QiuKean,GaoJianandSunDayu(1997).EzzraPoundisafamousAmericanpoetinfluencedbyRussianFormalismandChineseclassicalpoetry,andheisalsotherepresentativeofAmericanImagistSchool.Hetranslatedthispoeminhisearlyyears(around28),basedonthenotesofEarnestFenollosa’stranslationsofclassicalChinesepoems.AmyLowellisalsoanAmericanImagistpoetandshepublishedhertranslationofSongYouRenin1921.ComparedwithPound,shewasmoreconcernedwiththeimplicitandprofoundsentimentsinthepoem.BynnerisanotherpresentativeofAmericanImagistpoets.HetranslatedChineseclassicalpoemswiththehelpofJiangKanghu(江亢虎)andthetranslationsincludingthatofSongYouRenwereallcollectedinTheJadeMountainpublishedin1929.GilesandFletcherareallBritishconsularofficerssharingaprofoundrelationshipwithChina(GilesisasinologistandFletcherwasappointedtheprofessorofShandongUniversityafterhisretirement),andtheyalsomadeattemptstotranslateSongYouRen.ObataisJapaneseandhewasthefirstonetopublishtheEnglishversionsofLibai’spoems.HistranslationsarelaterhighlyspokenofbyLvShuxiang(Qiu,1991).TheotherfourareallChinesewhoarededicatedtoclassicalChinesepoetrytranslation.1.2.2PreviousstudiesonthetranslationofthepoemSongYouRenEarlyin1991,QiuKeanhasalreadymadesomecommentsontranslationsofthepoemSongYouRen.HechoosesnearlyeightEnglishversionsofthispoemandmakesaspecificanalysisofthemandthengiveshisownrevisedtranslationbasedonthe9华中科技大学硕士学位论文criticismoftheformereighttranslations.WeiYanzeng(2006)discussesthreeEnglishtranslationsofthepoemSongYouRenfromtheperspectiveofdifferenttranslationstrategiesusedbythetranslator.ChenWanmin(2021)creativelyusesskopostheoryinanalyzingTangpoetryandthepoemSongYouRenischosenasacasestudy.Inhispaper,heproposes“threepurposes〞forclassicalChinesepoetrytranslation:thepurposeofinter-culturalcommunications,thepurposeofaestheticandthepurposeofloyalty.ThisisacreativeattempttostudyChinesepoetryresortingtoafunctionalapproach.WangZaiyu(2021)alsomakesasystematicanalysisoftranslationsofLiBai’spoemsfromtheperspectiveofreceptiontheorywhichshiftsthefocusfromthetexttothereadersandthetranslationofthepoemSongYouRenisalsoincludedinhisdiscussion.SomescholarslikeJingAndian(2005)eventriestoapplySFGtotheanalysisofEnglishtranslationsofthispoem,buthisanalysisismainlybasedonthematicstructureofthepoem.AndthecorpusdataforhisresearchisjusttwooftheEnglishversionswhichareapparentlyinadequateforthestudy.Fromabove,wecanseethattheresearchesoftranslationofthepoemarestillmainlyconductedundertheframeworkofaestheticsandtheirevaluationsarebasedonsomekindofsubjectivethoughtsofthescholars.ThoughrecentlysomestudiesareconductedbyapplyingSFGtopoetrytranslation,fewofthemmakesystematicanalysisonthetranslations.Mostofthemjusttouchtheanalysisofoneaspectofthethreemeta-functionsandtheirstudiesarefarfrombeingcomplete.ThepresentstudywillconductacomparativeanalysisofthepoemSongYouRenanditstenEnglishversionsfromrealizationofthethreemeta-functionsofSFG.Bydoingso,betterappreciationoftheoriginalpoemaswellastheEnglishversionscanbeachieved,andsomesuggestionsbasedontheanalysescanbegiventotranslationpracticeofclassicalChinesepoetry.1.3TheoreticalframeworkofthepresentstudyForpurposesofanalysis,thethreemeta-functionsandtheirkeygrammaticalsystemswillbeintroducedinthispart.10华中科技大学硕士学位论文1.3.1Threemeta-functionsInSFG,Hallidaysummarizesthreemeta-functions:theideationalmeta-function,theinterpersonalmeta-functionandthetextualmeta-function.WiththeIdeationalfunction,wecouldorganize,expressandunderstandwhatweperceivetheoutsideworldandourinnerworld(Hu,2002,p.75).Twosub-functionsareinvolvedintheIdeationalfunction:theexperientialfunctionandthelogicalfunction.Theexperientialfunctionenableshumanbeingstotalkaboutwhathappenstothem,inthemandaroundthem.Inotherwords,differentexpressionsarechosenbydifferentpeopletodescribetheirexperiences.Whilelogicalfunctionistoexpresslogicalrelationshipsbetweentwooramongmoreclauses.Thesecondmeta-functionistheinterpersonalfunction.Itenablesustoexchangemeaningswithothers,orinother