2022-2023年江苏省苏州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

2022-2023年江苏省苏州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

VulnerabilitiesofBluetoothlike"bluejacking"are______inthedevelopmentoftechnology.

2.

ANewZealandsaddlebacklearnsthelanguageofanothersaddlebackinorderto______.

A.shareinformationaboutfoodwithit

B.beatitinthecompetitionforaspouse

C.usethedialecttocontroltheterritoryitjustmovesinto

D.showthatithastheabilitytoacquiredifferentdialects

3.

Accordingtothepassage,thesuggestionsinTheOrganizedExecutiveare_______.

4.

ThispassagetellsthebreakthroughofHIVvaccineleavesus______.

5.

TheEnglishareeasytogetalongwith.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Scientistshaveexertedgreateffortstosearchotherplanetsforanylifeforms.

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7.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoafterajobloss?

A.Arguewiththeemployeraboutthereasonforthelayoff.

B.Remaineven-temperedandavoidradicalbehaviors.

C.Makeafaircommentontheirjobperformance.

D.Sendthecompanye-mailstoaskforcompensation.

8.

Consumersareencouragedtobuylow-fatmilkratherthan______.

9.HowATMsWork?

You'reshortoncash,soyouwalkovertotheautomatedtellermachine(ATM),insertyourcardintothecardreader,respondtothepromptsonthescreen,andwithinaminuteyouwalkawaywithyourmoneyandareceipt.HaveyoueverwonderedabouttheprocessthatmakesyourbankfundsavailabletoyouatanATMontheothersideofthecountry?

ATMCardvs.CheckCard

Asanalternativetowritingchecksandusingacreditcard,mostmajorbankshaveteamedupwithmajorcredit-cardcompaniestoissuecheckcards.

CheckcardsaredifferentfromstraightATMcardsinacoupleofways.First,checkcardsarealsoknownasdebitcardsbecauseofhowtheywork--insteadofgettingcreditforyourpurchaseandreceivingamonthlybill,likeyoudowithacreditcard,acheck/debitcarddeductsmoneyfromyourcheckingorsavingsaccount.

Also,whileyoucanonlyuseyourATMcardattheATMmachine(andsomegrocerystores),youcanuseacheckcardatmostretailersthatacceptcreditcards.

Thereareexceptions.Somehotelsandrentalcarservicesonlyacceptcreditcardsbecauseit'seasier,cheaper,andlessofarisktothemthancheckcards.Thosethatdoacceptcheckcardsoftenputacertainamountofmoneyinyourbankaccount"onhold"(unavailabletoyou)-usuallythecostoftheroomorrentalincludingtaxesandotherfees,plusapercentageofthetotalorafeetocoverpossibledamages.Whenyoucheckoutofthehotelorturninyourrentalcar,thedifferencebetweenthe"hold"amountandwhatyou'reactuallybilled.isreleasedbackintoyouraccount:Thisissomethingtoconsiderwhenusingyourdebitcardtoreserveahotelroomorrentacar.

TheWayATMsWork

AnATMissimplyadataterminalwithtwoinputandfouroutputdevices.Likeanyotherdataterminal,theATMhastoconnectto,andcommunicatethrough,ahostprocessor.ThehostprocessorisanalogoustoanInternetserviceprovider(ISP)inthatitisthegatewaythroughwhichallthevariousATMnetworksbecomeavailabletothecardholder(thepersonwantingthecash).

Mosthostprocessorscansupporteitherleased-lineordial-upmachines.Leased-linemachinesconnectdirectlytothehostprocessorthroughafour-wire,point-to-point,dedicatedtelephoneline.Dial-upATMsconnecttothehostprocessorthroughanormalphonelineusingamodemandatoll-freenumber,orthroughanInternetserviceproviderusingalocalaccessnumberdialedbymodem.

Leased-lineATMsarepreferredforveryhigh-volumelocationsbecauseoftheirthru-putcapability,anddial-upATMsarepreferredforretailmerchantlocationswherecostisagreaterfactorthanthru-put.Theinitialcostforadial-upmachineislessthanhalfthatforaleased-linemachine.Themonthlyoperatingcostsfordial-upareonlyafractionofthecostsforleased-line.

Thehostprocessormaybeownedbyabankorfinancialinstitution,oritmaybeownedbyanindependentserviceprovider.Bank-ownedprocessorsnormallysupportonlybank-ownedmachines,whereastheindependentprocessorssupportmerchant-ownedmachines.

SensingBills

Thecash-dispensingmechanismhasanelectriceyethatcountseachbillasitexitsthedispenser.Thebillcountandalloftheinformationpertainingtoaparticulartransactionisrecordedinajournal.Thejournalinformationisprintedoutperiodicallyandahardcopyismaintainedbythemachineownerfortwoyears.Wheneveracardholderhasadisputeaboutatransaction,heorshecanaskforajournalprintoutshowingthetransaction,andthencontactthehostprocessor.Ifnooneisavailabletoprovidethejournalprintout,thecardholderneedstonotifythebankorinstitutionthatissuedthecardandfilloutaform.thatwillbefaxedtothehostprocessor.Itisthehostproc

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10.HowtoTakeaJobInterview

Tosucceedincampusjobinterviews,youhavetoknowwherethatrecruiteriscomingfrom.Thesimpleansweristhatheiscomingfromcorporateheadquarters.

Thatmaysoundobvious,butitisasignificantpointthattoomanystudentsdonotconsider.TherecruiterisnotafreespiritashefliesfromBerkeleytoNewHaven,fromChapelHilltoBoulder.He'sonaninvisibleleashtotheoffice,andifheisworthhissalary,heismentallyincorporateheadquartersallthetimehe'sontheroad.

Ifyoucanfixthatinyourmind--thatwhenyouwalkintothatbare-walledcubicleintheplacementcenteryouarewalkingintoabranchofficeofSears,BendixorGeneralMotors--youcanavoidalotoflittlemistakesandmaybesomebigones.

If,forexample,youassumethatbecausetheinterviewisoncampustherecruiterexpectsyoutolookandactlikeastudent,you'reinforashock.Astudentissomebodywhodrinksbeer,wearsbluejeansandthrowsaFrisbee.NorecruiterhasjobsforstudentFrisbeewhizzes.

AcoolspringdayinlateMarch,SamDavis,agoodrecruiterwhohasbeenonthecollegecircuitforyears,isonmycampustalkingtocandidates.Hecomesouttothewaitingareatomeetthestudentwhosignedupforan11o'clockinterview.I'mstandinginthedoorwayofmyofficetakinginthescene.

Samcallsthecandidate:"SidneyStudent."TheresitsSidney.He'sata45degreeangle,hisfeetareintheaisle,andhe'salmostlyingdown.He'swearingwell-polishedbrownshoes,atastefulpairofbrownpants,alightbrownshirt,andagoodlookingtie.Unfortunately,hetopsoffthiswell-coordinatedoutfitwithhisJoe'sTavernClassASoftballChampionshipjacket,whichhasabigwovenemblemovertheheart.

Ifthatisn'tbadenough,inhislefthandisacigaretteandinhisrighthandisahalf-eatenapple.

WhenSamcallshisname,thekidiscaughtoffguard.Heditchedthecigaretteinanashtray,strugglestohisfeet,andtransferstheapplefromtherighttothelefthand.Applejuiceiseverywhere,soSidwipeshishandontheseatofhispantsandshakeshandswithSam.

Sam,whobynowisclosetohavingastroke,givesmethatwhat-do-I-have-herelookandhastheyoungmanfollowhimintotheinterviewroom.

Thesituationdeterioratesevenfurther--intopureLaurelandHardy.Thekidisstuckwiththehalf-eatenapple,doesn'tknowwhattodowithit,andobviouslyissufferingsomediscomfort.Hecarriestheappleintotheinterviewroomwithhimandplacesitintheashtrayonthedesk--rightontopofSam'sfreshlylitcigarette.

Theinterviewlastsfiveminutes...

Letusmoveinforacloserlookathowthecampusrecruiteroperates.

Let'ssayyouhavea10o'clockappointmentwiththerecruiterfromtheXYZCorporation.Therecruitergetsridofthecandidateinfrontofyouatabout5minutesto10,jotsdownafewnotesaboutwhatheisgoingtodowithhimorher,thenpicksupyourresumeordatasheet(whichyouhavesubmittedinadvance)...

Althoughtherecruiterisstillintheinterviewroomandyouarestillinthelobby,yourinterviewisunderway.You'reon.Therecruiterwilllookoveryoursheetprettycarefullybeforehegoesouttocallyou.Hedevelopsamentalpictureofyou.

Hethinks,"I'mgoingtoenjoytalkingwiththiskid,"or"Thisone'sgoingtobeaturkey."Therecruiterhasalreadybeguntomakeadecisionaboutyou.

Hisfirstimpressionofyou,fromreadingthesheet,couldcomefromyourgradepoint.Itcouldcomefrommisspelledwords.Itcouldcomefrompoorerasuresorfromthefactthatnecessaryinformationismissing.Bythetimetherecruiterhasfinishedreadingyoursheet,you'vealreadyhitthe

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11.Ifyouhaveanyconcernaboutanewdrugoritssideeffects,youcanaskyourdoctororpharmacistquestions,orcallthedrugcompanyfor______.

12.

Whethertheemploymentofwomenhasledtogreateregalitarianismis______.

13.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?

A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.

14.

Tobuildyouraudience,you'dbettercatchtheopportunitiestobeacquaintedwithpeopleandtrytocatchtheirattentiononyou.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Sincetaughenedglasscanreplaceshuttersindowntownstores,itprovidesthestorewith______.

16.

InordertoargueagainstDr.Suddendorf,somecomparativepsychologistshavebeenconductingexperimentstoproveanimalscan______.

17.TaughenedGlass:theSolutiontoRetailOwners'SecurityConcerns

Taughenedglass,whichisalsocalledBastieglassbecauseofthenameoftheinventor,isakindofglassthatisfinelytemperedorannealed,byapeculiarmethodofsuddencoolingbyplungingwhilehotintooil,meltedwax,orparaffine.

Thedevelopmentandacceptanceoftaughenedglasshasundergoneseveralstages.Yetthebenefitsofthisparticularkindofglassstillremainunknowntoalargegroupofpeople.

DuPonthasdoneagreatjobofworkingwitharchitectsandthearchitecturalglassindustrytounderstand,developandpromotetheuseoftaughenedglass(safetyglass)worldwide.Withintheretailenvironmentinparticular,architectsinallcontinentsareusingtaughenedglassforadiverserangeofapplications--notonlyforeconomicandfunctionalreasonsbutalsoforthepureaestheticdelightofusingthematerial.

Yetsadly,thegeneralpublicinNorthAmericaisstilltoooftenignorantofthebenefitstaughenedglasscanbring--notonlyinshopsbutalsoinofficesandhomes.Thematerialisstillalltoooftenperceivedasvaguely"moreexpensive"anditswiderangeofbenefitsremainslargelyunknown.Sharingthebenefitswithbuildingowners-fromthebusinesscommunitytohomeowners--hastobeournextmajorchallenge.

NationalGateandGlassCorp.suppliesstorefrontglasstoretailersthroughoutNorthAmerica,fromnationwidechainstosingleoutletowners.Howeverlargeorsmall,ourcustomershavesimilarconcernswhenitcomestothestorefrontglasstheyusewithregardtocost,appearance/aesthetics,securityandservice.

Thegoodnewsisthatin99.9percentofcases,wefindthattheinstallationof6mm+6mmtaughenedglasswithaninterlayerof0.76mmButacite(r)PVBinterlayersolvesalloftheseconcernswithease!Taughenedglassisanidealsolutionformodemretailersintermsofsamedayinstallation,securityprevention,protectionfromtheUVraysthatcausethedegradationofstoredisplaysandfurnishingsandtheeliminationofboardingfollowingdamagetothestorefront.

TimeIsMoney.

Everyoneintheretailconstructionvaluechain,fromownerstoforemen,areconcernedwithcosts.Weareabletoaddressthisfirstconcernprettyquickly.IntheUSA,taughenedglasscostsalmostexactlythesameastemperedglasstopurchaseandinstallpersquaremeter.InAustraliaandEurope,itcanbesignificantlycheaperthantemperedglass!Inthecaseofbreakage,thecostbenefitsoftaughenedglasscanbeseenveryclearly;asstoreowners,managersandlosspreventiondepartmentsknow,timeismoney!Unliketemperedglass,taughenedglassallowsstorestostayopeninthecaseofbreakagesincecrackedorbrokenglassstaysintheframe.Smallerlocationsthatareboardedupwithplywoodcanleavecustomerswiththeimpressionthattheyareclosed--andnobodycanaffordthat.It'scriticallyimportantthateveryoneknowsthatyouare

BetterLookingstorefronts

Thesecondmajorconcernisaesthetics.Manyofourretailcustomerslocatedindowntownareasautomaticallyassumethatshutterswillhavetobeinstalledtoensureadequatesecurityafterstoreopeninghours.Itisalwaysapleasureformetoseethereliefoncustomers'faceswhenItellthemaboutthesecuritybenefitsoftaughenedglassandhowthematerialeliminatestheneedforshutters,allowingmuchbetterlookingstorefronts.

ARealBoosttotheBottomLine

Athirdconcernissecurity.Thelosspreventionofficersofmajorretailersunderstandperhapsbetterthananyoneelsetheextenttowhichbreak-insandvandalismnegativelyaffectthebottomline.Myretailcustomerstellmethattheaveragecostofabreak,inisUS＄30,000.Thisnotonlyincludesstole

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18.

Itisdifficulttopredictthestrongregionalvariationsinthepatternsof______.

19.

Thedifferencebetweenaroomofone'sownandearlyconditioningtosharedspacehasanimportanteffectontheEnglishman's______.

20.

OneoftheresultsofthefrugalcultureinWal-Martisthat______.

A.storemanagersonlyhavetoworkhalf-day

B.employeesdon'tgethealthinsurance

C.hourlyworkersworkovertimewithpay

D.theheadquartersbuildingismodernized

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：W:Soyouareuptosometennisthisafternoonorwhat?

M:Well,totellyouthetruth,I'mnotfeelingsohottoday.

W:Comeon.Howlonghasitbeensinceweplayed?

M:Acoupleofdays.

W:Acoupleofdays?Comeon.It'sbeenmorethanacoupleofdays.

M:Yeah.Iguessyou'reright.It'sbeenalmostaweek.

W:It'sbeenexactlyaweek.Andweusedtoplayatleastthreetimesthisweek.

M:Iknow.Playingrightafterclasswassomethingtolookforwardto.

W:Yeah.Anditwasrightbeforedinner.Sowebuiltupourappetite.

M:I'vejustbeenverybusy.Iguess.Andmystomachisbotheringmetoday.

W:ButyoulookOKtome.

M:Well,IwasuplatewithSteveinthelibraryworkingonaproject.Wegottodoitbytomorrow.We'vebeenworkingonitallweekend.AndIwasdrinkingalotofcoffee.Iguess,Ijustdranktoomuch.

W:Listen.Itookthatclasslastsemester.AndIcouldmeetyouinthelibrarylatertonightandhelpyouwithitifyouwant.Andthenyouhavetimetoplaytennisthisafternoon.

M:Yeah.Iguessmystomachdoesn'thurtthatbad.AndIcouldcertainlyuseyourhelp.Butit'salso...

W:Istheresomethingelsebotheringyou?

M:Well,tobehonest,I'mgettingtired.

W:OK,don'tworry.Youmaytakesometimetorest.Wewillmeetfortennissometimelater.

(20)

A.Whattheman'splansarefortonight.

B.Whythemandoesnotwanttoplaytennis.

C.Whytheydonothavetimetoplaytennisafterclasstoday.

D.Whattimetheycanmeetinthelibrary.

22.(29)

A.Therightsofprivatebusinessownersshouldbeprotected.

B.Thegovernmentshouldn'tinterfereinprivatebusiness.

C.Politiciansshouldsupportindustrialgrowth.

D.Competitionamongcompaniesshouldberestricted.

23.【B11】

24.听力原文：M:ThoseweresuchfunnystoriesTomtoldlastnight.Hewaslikeatotallydifferentguy.

W:Yeah,really.Heisnormallysoserious.Whatdoyouthinkbroughtallthatoutofhim?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(16)

A.Thestoriesprobablyweren'ttrue.

B.Tomusuallydoesn'ttellfunnystories.

C.She'ssurprisedTomwassoseriouslastnight.

D.ShewantstoknowwhereTomheardthestories.

25.(21)

A.Someinterestingcommercials.

B.Someperfectlookingwomancomplainedaboutthetribulations.

C.Somestupidsitcom.

D.Somewomanwentcrazyandkilledherhusband.

26.(22)

A.Terrible.B.Shocking.C.unforgettable.D.Cherished.

27.(25)

A.Expensiveandnotsatisfying.

B.Excellentanddelicious.

C.Cheapandnutritious.

D.Old-fashioned.

28.【B5】

29.听力原文：M:Let'shaveafestivalatthebeginningoftheschoolyeartoraisesomemoneyfortheclub.

W:That'sagoodidea.Ibelieveitwillgettheballrolling.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(17)

A.Allthestudentswouldlikeaformalball.

B.Raisingthemoneywillbehard.

C.Thefestivalwillbegintheyearnicely.

D.Theclubneedssomesportsaswell.

30.(47)

31.(34)

A.ThespeculationsofThales.

B.Theforcesofelectricity,magnetism,landgravity.

C.Aristotle'snaturalscience.

D.Galileo'sdiscoveries.

32.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Adventuretravelisverypopulartodaywithpeopleofallages.Inadventuretravel,peopledooutdooractivitiesinfarawayplaces.Therearetwotypesofadventuretravel.Softadventuretravelincludesmildphysicalactivity,whichisfairlysafe.Fishing,hiking,birdwatching,andtrailridingareexamplesofsoftadventure.Hardadventuretravelincludesmoredifficultphysicalactivity.Itisalsomoredangerous.Youneedtoprepareandtrainyourbodyforahardadventure.Someexamplesofthiskindofadventuretravelarewhite-waterraftingandmountainclimbing.

Whyarepeopleinterestedinadventuretravelnow?Onereasonisanewinterestinnatureandoutdoors.Morepeoplewholiveincitiesnowoftendon'twanttospendtheirvacationsvisitingothercities,nomatterhowfamoustheyare.Peoplecanusuallyvisitcitiesandcommontouristsitesontheirown.Adventuretravelofferstheopportunityforexciting,newexperiences,allwiththehelpofexperiencedguides.

Communitiesallovertheworldaretakingadvantageofthenewinterestinadventuretravel.Smalltownsthathadnothingtooffertouristsbeforearenowpromotinghikingtours,rockclimbing,andcanoeridesdownrivers.There'sadventurewaitingforeveryone...somewhere.

(27)

A.It'squitenewadventuretravel.

B.It'sverydangerousadventuretravel.

C.It'squitesafeadventuretravel.

D.It'straditionaladventuretravel.

33.

【B11】

34.

【B4】

35.听力原文：M:Aren'tthereanydirectflights?

W:I'msorry.Yourbestbetwouldbeatninea.m.departureonUnitedflighttwelvearrivinginChicagoatelevena.m.,withfive-hourwaitforyourconnectingflighttoLosAngeles.

Q:WhattimewillthemanleaveChicago?

(17)

A.At9a.m.B.At11a.m.C.At2p.m.D.At4p.m.

36.(26)

A.TryingtoletMarkknowabouthisproblem.

B.HelpingMarkrelaxandbemorecomfortableinagroup.

C.WaitingfifteenminutesandthenleavingwithoutMark.

D.TellingMarktocomeearlierthantheplannedmeetingtime.

37.

【B8】

38.

【B3】

39.听力原文：W:Excuseme,Dr.Chandler,doyouhaveamoment?IwantWtalkaboutthetopicofmypaper.

M:Ofcourse,whatcanIdoforyou,Sienna?

W:Iwanttochangethetopicofmypaper.YouknowIwaswritingaboutApollo11,butnowIwanttowriteaboutsomethingelse.I'vejustfoundsomethingbetter.

M:I'msurprised.OnMonday,youwereshowingmeallthepicturesofthemoonlandingyou'dfoundontheInternet.IthoughtyouwoulddoagoodjobontheApollo11topic.

W:Well,yesterdaymyfriendintroducedmetoheruncle,whowasanastronautatNASAupuntilayearago.I'dliketowriteabouthimifthat'sokay.IbelievethatIcandobetterifIchangemytopic.

M:Yes,thatsoundslikeit'llbeafascinatingpaper.Makesureyouincludesomehistoricalfacts,though;thisgentleman'sjobmusthavebeenveryinteresting,butdon'tforgetthehistoricalcontextorbackground.

W:I'vegotsomebooksabouttheAmericanspaceprogram.I'llfinishreadingthemassoonaspossible.

M:Thatsoundslikeagoodstart.YoucouldtalkalittleabouttheEuropeanandRussianspaceprograms,too.

W:I'lldothat.I'llseeyounextweek,Dr.Chandler.Wecantalkaboutmyfurtherimprovement.I'llprepareforit.Thankyou,Dr.Chandler!

M:Bye,Sienna.Iamlookingforwardtoreadingyourpaper.

(20)

A.Shewantstotypeupabiographyaboutheruncle.

B.ShewouldliketofindaninterestingjobworkingatNASA.

C.Shewouldliketointroducehimtoarecentlyretiredastronaut.

D.ShewantstowriteamanwhoonceworkedintheU.S.spaceprogram.

40.听力原文：M:I'vejustfoundthemostusefuldeviceatthatnewoutdoorstore,awaterpurifier.

W:Awaterpurifier!Youwanttocarryevenmoreequipmentwithyouonourhikingtrips?

M:Ifitislightweightandsaveswork--yes!Andthisonefitsthatdescription.

W:Really?Ibetittakesupalotofroom.

M:Notatall.It'sastraw,muchliketheonesyouusetodrinkasodaoramilkshake.

W:Really?That'ssmall.

M:It'splasticandhasaseriesofmineralandchemicalfiltersthatstrainharmfulmicrobesfromwater.

W:Yes,buthowgoodajobcanitdofilteringthegermsoutofstagnantpondwater,orwaterfromlakesandstreams?

M:It'sfantastic.Itmakesthewaterentirelygerm-free.

W:Butwhataboutsaltorchemicalpollutants?Doesitcleanthemout?

M:No,itdoesn'tremovesaltandchemicals.Butthesearereallynotmajorconcernswhenwe'reouthikingandcamping.

W:Hm...Howlongwillastrawlast?

M:Forabout100gallons.Butdon'tworryaboutmeasuringthatlargeamountofwater.Thereisabuilt-insafetyfeature.Themineralandchemicalfiltersbecomecloggedlongbeforethelimitisreached,andthestrawthenstopsdrawingwater.

W:IthinkI'llgoandgetoneformycampingtripthisweekend.

(20)

A.Smallandlightweight.

B.Solidandheavy.

C.Bulkybutweightless.

D.Largebutnecessary.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Accordingtothepassage,neurotoxincancause______.

A.paralysisofitshost

B.redtide

C.respiratoryproblemsforseafoodeaters

D.deathofbivalveslikeclams,oysters,andmussels

42.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhat______.

A.environmentiscrucialforwildlife

B.tourbooksarenotalwaysareliablesourceofinformation

C.Londonisacityoffox

D.foxesarehighlyadaptabletoenvironment

43.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

BRITAIN'Suniversitiesareinanawfulspin.Topuniversitieswereoverwhelmedbythe24%ofA-levelapplicantswithindistinguishablestraightAsneweronesarebeatingthebywaysforbodies.

Curiously,bothimagesofeducation—theweepingwillowsofCambridgeandthefuturisticarchitectureofUEL—arecherishedbythegovernment.Ministerswanttoseehalfofallyoungpeopleinuniversitiesby2010(numbershavestalledat42%),withoutlettinggooftheworld-classqualityofitstopinstitutions.

Manyarguethatthetwogoalsareincompatiblewithoutspendingalotmoremoney.Researchersscrabbleforfunds,andstudentscomplainoflargeclassesandreducedteachingtime.Tohelpsolvetheproblem,thegovernmentagreedin2004toletuniversitiesincreasetuitionfees.

Thoughlow,thefeeshaveintroducedamarketintohighereducation.Universitiescanoffercut-pricetuition,althoughmosthavestuckclosetothe￡3,000.Otherincentivesaremorepopular.NewcomerstoSt.Mark&St.John,ahigher-educationcollegelinkedtoExeterUniversity,willreceivefreelaptops.

Asuniversitiesenterthethirdweekof"clearing",themarketinghasbecomeweirder.BradfordUniversityisluringstudentswiththechanceofwinninganMP3playerinaprizedraw.PlymouthUniversitystudentsvisitedCornishseasideresorts,temptingyoungholiday-makerswithsurfboardsandcinemavouchers.Theseofferssuggestthatsupplyhassurpasseddemand.

Notsothetopuniversitiesthatmakeupthe"Russellgroup",however.TheirranksincludethelikesofImperialCollegeLondonandBristolUniversityalongwithOxfordandCambridge.Swampedwithapplicants,onlyhalfofferanyplacesthroughclearing.Theyhaveadifferentproblem:theyneedmoneytocompeteforhighqualitystudentsandacademics,bothBritishandforeign,whocouldbetemptedoverseasbybetterheeledAmericanuniversitiesorfastimprovinginstitutionsindevelopingcountriessuchasIndia.

Higherfeesandexcesssupplyarecausingstudentstolookmorecriticallyatjustwhatdifferentuniversitieshavetooffer.Andthecriticalsituationcouldbecomemoreacute.Thenumberof18-year-oldsinBritainwilldroparound2010anddeclineoverthefollowingtenyears,accordingtogovernmentprojections.

BahramBekhradnia,thedirectoroftheHigherEducationPolicyInstitute,athinktank,saysthegovernmenthasn'tahopeofgetting50%ofyoungBritonsintohighereducationby2010.Andthedeclineofhome-grownstudentnumberswillhavea"differentialeffect"onuniversities,hereckons.Thoseatthebottomendwillhavetobecomeincreasingly"innovative"aboutwhomtheyadmitandsomemaynotsurvive.

TheCambridgeshadesevokedbyRupertBrookeweregentle,nostalgicones.Manyvicechancellorstodayarepursuedbyfarmorerevengefulmonstersofemptycampuses,desertedlaboratories,failedinstitutions.Markets,afterall,createwinners—andlosers.

Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Manytopuniversitiesstruggledtoenrollstraight-Astudents.

B.Britain'suniversitiesarerequiredtobecometheworld-classuniversities.

C.Britain'suniversitiesarefacinganunbalancedenrollment.

D.MostBritain'suniversitiesarefoundbythegovernment.

44.

TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare______.

A.identicalB.similarC.oppositeD.complementary

45.

Thechiefreasonwhymostemployeesarenotactiveinthecareerdevelopmentprogramisthat______.

46.

Accordingtothepassage,______.

A.modemeducationhasreachedtheidealconditionoftheequalstart.

B.compulsoryschoolingislegalobligationinallcivilizedcountriesnow.

C.thequickpaceofmodemsocietyharmsthedevelopmentofourchildren.

D.modemcollegesarefarmoredemocraticthantheirprimitivecounterparts.

47.

_______________________.

48.

Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthelastparagraphimply?

A.Theproposalwillnottakeeffectforitslimitation.

B.Thelatestproposalmaynotbeapprovedbythecou