2022届江西省萍乡市高三第一次质量检测英语试题（解析版）

萍乡市高三第一次模拟考试英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.HowwastheweatherlastSaturday?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.2.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Returntotheparty.B.Gohome.C.Attendameeting.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Sendingatext.B.Movingthefurniture.C.Paintingthewalls.4.Wherewillthespeakersmeetthisevening?A.Outsideabookstore.B.Inacafé.C.Inaconcerthall.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afilm.B.Asong.C.Anactor.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分、满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahospital.B.Athome.C.Inarestaurant.7.Whatdidthemanspeakerdotoday?A.Hewenttothedentist's.B.Hehadhiseyesexamined.C.Hemademedicalappointments.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdidthewomanthinkoftheprogramlastnight?A.Boring.B.So-so.C.Satisfying.9.Whatdoesthemanlikedoing?A.WatchingTV.B.Playingsports.C.Goingtothemovies.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthemandissatisfiedwithabouttheairport?A.Theservice.B.Theparkinglot.C.Thelocation.11.Howdoesthemanusuallygototheairport?A.Bycar.B.Bysubway.C.Bybus.12.Whatdocsthemansayaboutthecheck-in?A.Itisfast.B.Itisslow.C.Itisuncomfortable.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewoman'sproblem?A.Shecan'tconnecthercomputertothesystem.B.Shecan'trememberhercomputerpassword.C.Shecan'tusethesystemproperly.14.Whathasthewomandone?A.ShehastalkedwithITaboutherproblem.B.Shehassenthercomputertothefactory.C.ShehasmadeaphonecalltoIT.15.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Waitpatiently.B.Breakthemeeting.C.Makelongphonecalls.16.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?A.SheknewaboutthemeetingfromTom.B.ShehaswaitedforITforthreehours.C.Sheisunwillingtotroubleothers.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakermainlydiscussing?A.Thebenefitsofsellingonline.B.Thepotentialrisksofsellingonline.C.Thedosanddon'taboutsellingonline.18.Whatisthedisadvantageofthebigplatforms?A.Theydon'tofferinsurancetotheseller.B.Theychargeafeeforusingit.C.Theycan'tbeaccessedeasily.19.Whatshouldbeavoided?A.Sellingthingsofgreatvalueonline.B.Meetingthebuyerataprivateplace.C.Usingaseparatee-mailforsellingonline.20.Whywillthesellerbebannedfromthewebsite?A.Forprovidingfalsedescriptionsofproducts.B.Forsellingproductsatahighprice.C.Forofferingpersonalinformation.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANothingenergizesofficeworkersmorethancomplainingaboutmeetings.Anditseemssomeoftheworld'sgreatesttechsuccessesagree.Here'ssomeoftheiradvice.MarkZuckerberg:Adecisionoradiscussion?TheFacebookCEOreportedlyimprovedtheeffectivenessofmeetingsbyaskingmanagerstoexplainthepointofameeting:tomakeadecisionortohaveadiscussion."Ifthere'snopoint,thentherearenodecisions,"MicrosoftfounderBillGatesmightagree.Heissupposedtohavesaid,"Youhaveameetingtomakeadecision,nottodecideonthequestion."ElonMusk:Itisnotrudetoleave.ElonMuskoncesentoutanemailtostaffinwhichhemadesome"recommendations"."Walkoutofameetingordropoffacallassoonasitisobviousyouaren'taddingvalue,"hewenton."Itisnotrudetoleave;itisrudetomakesomeonestayandwastetheirtime."JeffBezos:The"two--pizzarule".TheAmazonfoundermeetsinvestorsforjustsixhoursayear,andtriestoavoidearlymorningmeetings.BusinessInsiderreportsthatMr.Bezosalsohasastrictpolicy:Neverhaveameetinginwhichyoucouldn'tfeedthewholegroupwithtwopizzas.Thebusinessmanbelievessmallgroupsarefarmoreefficientthanlargeones,andthe"two-pizzarule"helpshimpreventlargemeetings.SteveJobs:NoneedforPowerPoint.WalterIsaacson'sbiographyofSteveJobsshowsthecreativegeniusbehindtheiPhonemakinganattackonslideshowusers."Peoplewhoknowwhattheyaretalkingaboutdon'tneedPowerPoint,"hesaid."GenerallyPowerPointpresentationsareagreatdistraction(使人分心的事物),unlessit'sdataoragraph,"saidProfessorAndreSpicer."Longslidesmeannoinformationbeingconveyed."1.WhatdidMarkZuckerbergandBillGatesbothstress?A.Howtohaveameeting. B.Whentohaveameeting.C.Thepurposeofhavingameeting. D.Theimportanceofhavingameeting.2.Whywasthe"two-pizzarule"putforward?A.Toofferbetterservicesforameeting. B.Toreducethecostofameeting.C.Toencourageshortmeetings. D.Tolimitthesizeofameeting.3.Fromtheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph,AndreSpicer'sopiniononslidesis.A.lessismore B.themorethemerrierC.somethingisbetterthannothing D.apictureisworthathousandwords【1~3题答案】【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。没有什么比抱怨会议更能让办公室职员精力充沛了。世界上一些最成功的科技公司似乎也同意这一点。文章叙述了他们的一些建议。【1题详解】推理判断题。由MarkZuckerberg;Adecisionoradiscussion?部分中的“TheFacebookCEOreportedlyimprovedtheeffectivenessofmeetingsbyaskingmanagerstoexplainthepointofameeting”（据报道，这位Facebook首席执行官通过要求经理们解释会议要点，提高了会议的效率。）和BillGates所说的“Youhaveameetingtomakeadecision,nottodecideonthequestion.”（你要开会做决定，而不是对问题做决定。）可推断，这两个人都在强调“为什么要开会”，也就是开会的目的是什么。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。由JeffBezos:The“two-pizzarule”部分中的“Thebusinessmanbelievessmallgroupsarefarmoreefficientthanlargeones,andthe‘two-pizzarule’helpshimpreventlargemeetings.”（这位商人认为，小团队比大团队效率高得多，“两个披萨规则”(two-pizzarule)帮助他避免了大型会议。）可知，JeffBezos提出“两份披萨原则”的目的是限制会议的规模。故选D。【3题详解】句意猜测题。由最后一段中AndreSpicer所说的“GenerallyPowerPointpresentationsareagreatdistraction（使人分心的事物）”和“Longslidesmeannoinformationbeingconveyed.”（长幻灯片意味着没有信息被传达。）可推断，他认为很多时候PPT带来的是一种干扰，幻灯片越多，传递的信息越少，反之亦然。故选A。BFouTs'ong,aChinese-bornpianistknownforhissensitiveinterpretationsofChopin,DebussyandMozart.diedonMondayatahospitalinLondon,wherehehadlivedformanyyears.Hewas86.Aloverofclassicalmusicfromayoungage,Mr.Foubegantakingpianolessonswhenhewas7.Mr.Foumadehisfirststageappearancein1952.TheconcertcaughttheattentionofofficialsinBeijing,whoselectedhimtocompeteandtourinEasternEurope.Mr.FousoonmovedtoPoland,wherehestudiedattheWarsawConservatory(音乐学校)onascholarship.ToprepareforthefifthChopinCompetitioninWarsawin1955.hepracticedsodiligentlythathehurthisfingersandwasnearlycutfromthefirstroundofthecompetition.Mr.FouwasoneofthefirstChinesepianiststoachieveglobalprominencewhenhetookthethirdplaceintheInternationalChopinPianoCompetitioninWarsawin1955.HealsowonaspecialprizeforhisperformanceofChopin'smazurkas(马祖卜舞曲).Almostovernight,hebecameanationalhero.ToChina,Mr.Fou'srecognitioninawell-knowninternationalcompetitionwasproofthatthecountrycouldstandonitsownartisticallyintheWest.ChinesereportersflockedtointerviewMr.Fou,whilemanyotherssoughtouthisfather,FuLei,foradviceonchild-rearing.In1981,avolumeofletterswrittenbyhisfather,primarilytoMr.Fou,waspublishedinChina.Fullofadvice,encouragement,lifeteachingsandstrictpaternallove,thebookFuLei'sFamily,Lettersbecameabest-sellerinChina.BesidesinfluencingagenerationofChinese,Mr.Fu'swordsresonated(共鸣)longafterhisdeathwiththepersonforwhomtheywereintended."Myfatherhadasayingthat'Firstyoumustbeaperson,thenanartist,andthenamusician,andonlythencanyoubeapianist.'"Mr.Fouoncerecalledinaninterview."Evennow,Ibelieveinthisorder-thatitshouldbethiswayandthatIamthisway."4.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph2?A.FouTs'ongcompetedandtouredinBeijing.B.FouTs'ongfirstperformedonthestageat7.C.FouTs'ongmadegreateffortsforcompetitions.D.FouTs'ongstartedlearningmusicinEasternEurope.5.WhydoesFouTs'ong'sglobalrecognitionmeanalottoChina?A.ItearnsChineseartaplaceintheWest.B.ItpromotesthespreadofChineseculture.C.ItprovesChinesepeople'stalentformusic.D.ItenablesChinesearteducationtoberecognized.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph4referto?A.Mr.Fu'swords. B.YoungChinese.C.FouTs'ongandhisfamily. D.ReadersofFuLei'sFamilyLetters.7.WhichofthefollowingagreeswithFuLei'sideasinthelastparagraph?A.Pursuingartisalongandpainfulprocess.B.Itrequiresvariousqualitiestobeapianist.C.Everyoneshoulddevelopaninterestinart.D.Talentisofthegreatestimportanceforapianist.【4~7题答案】【答案】4.C5.A6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍中国出生的钢琴家傅聪。他以其对肖邦、德彪西和莫扎特的敏感诠释而闻名，他的国际知名度为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句话“ToprepareforthefifthChopinCompetitioninWarsawin1955,hepracticedsodiligentlythathehurthisfingersandwasnearlycutfromthefirstroundofthecompetition，”（为了准备1955年在华沙举行的第五届肖邦比赛，他刻苦练习，结果在第一轮比赛中伤了手指，差点被切伤。）可知，傅聪先生为了比赛付出了很多。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ToChina，Mr.Fou'srecognitioninawell-knowninternationalcompetitionwasproofthatthecountrycouldstandonitsownartisticallyintheWest.”（对中国来说，傅聪在著名的国际比赛中获得的认可证明了中国能够在西方艺术上自立门户。）可知，傅聪的国际知名度为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。故选A。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“BesidesinfluencingagenerationofChinese,Mr.Fu'swordsresonated（共鸣）longafterhisdeathwiththepersonforwhomtheywereintended.(此外，傅聪不仅影响了一代中国人，而且在他去世后很长一段时间里，他的遗言还能对听到这些话的人产生共鸣。)”可以看出，they指代上文提到的Mr.Fu'swords，说明除了影响了一代中国人外，傅聪先生的话在他去世后依然能够让听到这些话的人产生共鸣。由此推知，they这个词指的是hiswords。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Myfatherhadasayingthat'Firstyoumustbeaperson,thenanartist,andthenamusician,andonlythencanyoubeapianist.”可知，傅雷先生教儿子傅聪要先成为人，再成为艺术家，再成为音乐家，最后才能成为钢琴家。这表明，傅雷先生认为成为一名钢琴家，身上要具备很多的品质。故选B。CIt'snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalsocarryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedontheresearchthatfoundwildfiresmokeisfullofthousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms(微生物).Someofthesemicroorganisms,includingbacteriaandfungalspores(真菌抱子).areknowntocausedisease.Thenewresearchsuggeststhatwhenawildfireburnsplantsoranimalmatteranddisturbssoils,itexposesthousandsofspeciesofbacteriaandfungithatotherwisemightnoteasilybecomeairborne.Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplyafterfires.Scientistssaytheorganismsstickwithsmokeparticulates(颗粒物),allowingthemtotravelthousandsofmilesacrosscontinents.Dr.PeterChen,directoroftheDivisionofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicineatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,isinterestedinthetheorybutsomewhatskepticalthatthemicroorganismsinsmokewouldactuallycauseinfections.Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantnumbercouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition."Ialwaysthoughtitwastheparticulatesinsmokethatwerecausingtheseissues,"saysChen."ButwhenIreadthis,Istartedthinking,coulditbethemicroorganismsthatarealsoworseningexistingillnesses?"Whetherthemicroorganismsinsmokeactuallycauseinfectionsorsimplyworsenpotentialrespiratory(呼吸的)issues,thearticleraisesanewhealththreatthatis"certainlyalarming",saysKelseyJack,anassociateprofessorofenvironmentalanddevelopmenteconomics.Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewerprotectivemeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertainarea,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybikewillinhalemoresmokethanthosewhodrive.Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor-includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.8.WhatcanweknowaboutthemicroorganismsfromParagraph2?A.Somecouldreproduceafterfires.B.Theycouldbekilledbyhighheat.C.Theycouldpossiblytravelthroughairbythemselves.D.Somecouldcopythesmokeparticulates.9.HowdomostmicroorganismsaffectpeopleaccordingtoDr.PeterChen?A.Theywillcauselunginfection. B.Theymightworsenlungdiseases.C.Theywilldestroylivingenvironments. D.Theymightdamagerespiratorysystems.10.Whyarelower-incomepeoplesufferingmorethanothersaccordingtoKelseyJack?A.Theyliveinpoorareas. B.Theydrivetoandfromwork·C.Theyhavesufferedfromlungdisease. D.Theyareexposedtopollutedairmorefrequently.11.WhatdoesChenadvisepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A.Towaitfortheresultsofmoreresearches.B.Toignoretheairqualityandtoworkoutoutdoors.C.Tofollowprevioussuggestionsondealingwithpoorairquality.D.Toavoidusingfiltersandairconditioning.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病。发表在《科学》杂志上的这一理论基于一项研究，该研究发现野火烟雾中充满了数千种微生物。其中一些微生物会引起疾病。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplyafterfires.”（你可能认为大火的高温会杀死这些生物，但文章中提到的一项研究发现，一些细菌在火灾后甚至会繁殖。）可知，从第二段我们可以了解到有些微生物在火灾后还能再生。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantnumbercouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.”（陈教授说，许多细菌和真菌不会引起肺部感染，但有相当数量的细菌和真菌可能会使已有肺部疾病的人的症状恶化。）可知，陈彼得博士认为大多数微生物可能会加重肺部疾病。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewerprotectivemeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.”（这对低收入人群来说尤其如此，杰克说，因为保护手段较少的人往往更容易暴露在环境中。）可知，烟雾会传播疾病这件事对低收入的人群有更大的影响，是因为他们更多地直接接触环境。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor-includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.”（但在更多的研究完成之前，陈教授说，人们能做的最好的事情就是在空气质量差的时候遵循现有的建议——包括待在室内、关好门窗、使用高效空气过滤器和开空调。）可知，Dr.Chen在最后一段建议人们遵循现有的避开恶劣空气的建议。故选C。DOneoftheastronomy'smostwell-knowntelescopes-the305-metre-wideradiotelescopeatArecibo,PuertoRico-isclosingforever.Engineerscannotfindasafewaytorepairitaftertwocablessupportingthestructuresuddenlyandcatastrophicallybroke,oneinAugustandoneinearlyNovember.TheArecibotelescope,whichwasbuiltin1963,wastheworld'slargestradiotelescopefordecadesandhashistoricalandmodernimportanceinastronomy.Itwasthesitefromwhichastronomerssentaninterstellarradiomessagein1974,incaseanyextraterrestrialmighthearit,andwherethefirstknownextrasolarplanetwasdiscovered,in1992.Ithasalsodonegroundbreakingworkindetectingnear-Earthplanets,observingthepuzzlingcelestialblastsknownasfastradiobursts,andstudyingmanyotherphenomena.Thecablesthatbrokehelpedsupporta900-tonneplatformofscientificinstruments,whichhangsabovethemaintelescopedish.Thefirstcablebrokepanelsattheedgeofthedish,butthesecondtorehugegashesinacentralportionofit.Ifanymorecablesfail-whichcouldhappenatanytime-theentireplatformcouldcrashintothedishbelow.TheUSNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),whichownstheAreciboObservatory,isworkingonplanstosafelylowertheplatformdowninacontrolledfashion.NSF'sofficialsinsistthatthecablefailurescameasasurprise.Afterthefirst,engineeringteamsspottedahandfulofbrokenwiresonthesecondcable,whichwasmorecrucialtoholdingupthestructure,buttheydidnotseeitasamajorproblembecausetheweightitwascarryingwaswellwithinitsdesigncapacity.Someoftheobservatory'sscientificprojectsmaybeabletobetransferredtootherfacilities,saidRalphGaume,theNSF'sheadofastronomy.Andheexpectsscientiststosuggestwheretoshifttheirresearch.SciencedoescontinueatotherportionsoftheAreciboObservatory,whichincludesmorethanthe305-metre-dish.Theyincludetwolidarfacilitiesthatshootlasersintotheatmospheretostudyatmosphericphenomena.12.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thehistoryofbuildingthetelescope. B.Thekeyroleofthetelescopeinastronomy.C.Thebenefitoflearningastronomicalevents. D.Theprocessoflocatingnear-Earthplanets.13.AccordingtoParagraph3,weknowthat________.A.NSF'sofficialstriedtorepairtheplatformB.thesecondcablefailuredestroyedtheplatformC.thescientificinstrumentsbrokedownduetothecablesD.theplatformwouldnotbreakdownifnomorecablesshouldfail14.WhywereNSF'sofficialscarelessaboutthebrokenwiresonthesecondcable?A.Thecablewasnotveryold.B.Thewireswerespeciallydesigned.C.Theweightthecableboredidnotgobeyonditslimit.D.Thecablewasnotasimportantasthefirstone.15.Whatwillhappentotheongoingscientificprojectsattheobservatory?A.Allofthemwillbeshutdown. B.Someofthemwillbemovedtootherfacilities.C.Theywillbedistributedtodifferentscientists. D.Someofthemwillbeputoff.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。天文学中最著名的望远镜之一——位于波多黎各阿雷西博的305米宽的射电望远镜——将永远关闭。一根在8月，另一根在11月初，支撑这座建筑的两根钢索突然发生灾难性的断裂，工程师们找不到安全的修复方法。文章主要介绍了这一望远镜的一些背景知识以及人们对此的看法。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“TheArecibotelescope,whichwasbuiltin1963,wastheworld'slargestradiotelescopefordecadesandhashistoricalandmodernimportanceinastronomy.Itwasthesitefromwhichastronomerssentaninterstellarradiomessagein1974,incaseanyextraterrestrialmighthearit,andwherethefirstknownextrasolarplanetwasdiscovered,in1992.Ithasalsodonegroundbreakingworkindetectingnear-Earthplanets,observingthepuzzlingcelestialblastsknownasfastradiobursts,andstudyingmanyotherphenomena.(阿雷西博望远镜建于1963年，是几十年来世界上最大的射电望远镜，在天文学上具有历史和现代意义。1974年，天文学家就是在这里发送了一条星际无线电信息，以防任何天外来客听到。1992年，人们在这里发现了第一颗已知的太阳系外行星。它还在探测近地行星、观测被称为快速射电暴的令人困惑的天体爆炸以及研究许多其他现象方面做了开创性的工作)”可知，第二段主要讲了望远镜在天文学中的关键作用。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ifanymorecablesfail-whichcouldhappenatanytime-theentireplatformcouldcrashintothedishbelow.TheUSNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),whichownstheAreciboObservatory,isworkingonplanstosafelylowertheplatformdowninacontrolledfashion.(如果再有任何电缆断裂——这随时都有可能发生——整个平台可能会坠入下面的盘子。拥有阿雷西博天文台的美国国家科学基金会正在制定计划，以一种可控的方式安全降低平台)”可推知，如果没有更多的电缆发生故障，平台就不会崩溃。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Afterthefirst,engineeringteamsspottedahandfulofbrokenwiresonthesecondcable,whichwasmorecrucialtoholdingupthestructure,buttheydidnotseeitasamajorproblembecausetheweightitwascarryingwaswellwithinitsdesigncapacity.(在第一次断裂后，工程团队在第二根电缆上发现了几根断裂的电线，这对支撑结构来说更为关键，但他们不认为这是一个大问题，因为它所承载的重量完全在设计能力范围内)”可知，科学家们一开始并没有把第二根电缆线的断裂当做重大问题，是因为它所承载的重量还是在它的能力范围内的。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Someoftheobservatory'sscientificprojectsmaybeabletobetransferredtootherfacilities,saidRalphGaume,theNSF'sheadofastronomy.(美国国家科学基金会天文学主管RalphGaume说，该天文台的一些科学项目可能会被转移到其他设施)”可知，有些项目将被转移到其他的设备上。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatisleadership?Itsqualitiesaredifficulttodefine.____16____Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.____17____Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.Goodleadersprovideanswersaswellasdirections,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.____18____Leadersgetcommitmentfromothersbygivingitthemselves,bybuildinganenvironmentthatencouragescreativity,andbyoperatingwithhonestyandfairness.Goodleadersaren't"LoneRangers(游侠)"____19____Leadershipisthecatalyst(催化剂)fortransformingthosetalentsintoresults.Goodleadersareflexibleratherthanbossy(专制的).Theybelieveinunityratherthanyielding.Andtheystrivetoachieveagreementsoutofconflict,Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhavetohaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization,fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,desiresandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturned.____20____A.Buttheyarenotsodifficulttoidentify.B.Butherearesomebenefitstobesuccessfulleaders.C.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.D.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat'salreadythere.E.Goodleadersmaketherightthingshappenwhenthey'resupposedto.F.Goodleadersdon'tforceotherpeopletogoalongwiththem,butbringthemalong.G.Theyrecognizethatanorganization'sstrategiesforsuccessrequirethecombinedtalentsandeffortsofmanypeople.【16~20题答案】【答案】16.A17.D18.F19.G20.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍“成为好领导”的建议。【16题详解】根据上文提示“什么是领导力?它的特性很难定义。”承接上文，A项Buttheyarenotsodifficulttoidentify.（但它们并不难识别。）切题。该项中的notsodifficult与上文中的difficult通过but构成一种转折关系。故选A。【17题详解】根据上文提示“他们渴望承担责任、创新和开拓。”再根据下文提示“他们想前进，创造新的东西。”可知，本段讲述领导人的特点，承接上下文，D项Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat'salreadythere.（他们不满足于只关心已经存在的东西。）切题。该项中的notcontentwith与上文的“haveahungerto”和下文的“tocreatesomethingnew”相吻合。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文“Leadersgetcommitmentfromothersbygivingitthemselves,bybuildinganenvironmentthatencouragescreativity,andbyoperatingwithhonestyandfairness.”提示“领导者通过自己做出承诺，营造一种鼓励创造力的环境，并诚实公正地行事，来获得他人的承诺。”承接下文，F项Goodleadersdon'tforceotherpeopletogoalongwiththem,butbringthemalong.（好的领导者不会强迫别人和他们一起走，而是带领他们一起走。）切题。该项中的don'tforce和上文中提到的“通过自己承诺来获得别人的承诺”保持一致。故选F。【19题详解】根据下文“Leadershipisthecatalyst(催化剂)fortransformingthosetalentsintoresults.”提示“领导力是将人才转化为成果的催化剂。”承接下文，G项Theyrecognizethatanorganization'sstrategiesforsuccessrequirethecombinedtalentsandeffortsofmanypeople.（他们认识到一个组织的成功战略需要许多人的智慧和努力的结合。）切题。可知，好的领导不是“孤胆骑警”，领导起催化剂作用，把许多人的智慧和努力结合起来。故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization,fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,desiresandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturned.”提示“一个在组织中有尊重他人、尊重他们的工作、尊重他们的能力、愿望和需求的领导者，会发现尊重得到了回报。”可知，C项Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.（所有相关的人都会被激励一起工作。）切题。一个好领导，一个有成效的领导是尊重他人的。要得到他人的尊重必须先尊重他人。一个尊重各级员工，尊重他们的工作、能力、愿望与需要的领导会得到他人的尊重。故选C。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LastnightIwasdrivingfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg,adistanceofabouteightymiles.Itwaslate.SeveraltimesIgotstuck____21____aslow-movingtruckonanarrowroadwithasolidwhitelineonmyleft.andIwasclenching(紧握)myfistswith____22____.Atonepointalonganopenhighway,Icametoacrossroadswithatrafficlight.Iwasaloneontheroadbynow.butasI____23____thelight,itturnedredandIbraked.Ilookedleft,rightandbehind.Nothing.Notacar,no____24____ofheadlights,butthereIsat,waitingforthe____25____tochange,theonlyhumanbeingforatleastamileinanydirection.IstartedwonderingwhyIrefusedtorunthelight.Iwasnotafraidofbeing____26____,becausetherewa____27____nopolicemanaround,andtherecertainlywouldhavebeennodangerin____28____thecrossroads.Muchlaterthatnight,thequestionof____29____I'dwaitedcamebacktome.IthinkIwaitedbecauseit'spartofa_____30_____weallhavewitheachother.It'snotonlythelaw,butit'sanagreementwehave,andwetrusteachotherto_____31_____it.Trustisourfirstinclination(倾向).Wehavetomakeadeliberatedecisiontomistrustsomeoneortobe_____32_____.Thoseattitudesdon'tcomenaturallytous.Thewholeconstructionofoursociety_____33_____mutual(共同的)trust,notdistrust.Thiswholethingwehavegoingforuswould_____34_____ifwedidn'ttrusteachothermostoftime._____35_____,wedowhatwesaywe'lldo;weshowupwhenwesaywe'llshowup;andwepaywhenwesaywe'llpay.Wetrusteachotherinthesematters,andwhenwedon'tdowhatwe'vepromised,it'sthe_____36_____ofthenormal.Ithappensoftenthatwedon'tactingoodfaithandina_____37_____manner,butwestillconsideritunusual,andwe're_____38_____withthepeoplewhoviolate(违反)thetrustwehave_____39_____them.Iwassoproudofmyselffor_____40_____fortheredlightthatnight.21.A.before B.behind C.between D.beyond22.A.impatience B.regret C.curiosity D.respect23.A.approached B.passed C.overlooked D.appreciated24.A.spot B.symbol C.shadow D.suggestion25.A.truck B.crossroads C.light D.attitude26.A.attracted B.abandoned C.arrested D.attained27.A.naturally B.particularly C.normally D.obviously28.A.gettingthrough B.goingthrough C.pullingthrough D.breakingthrough29.A.whether B.why C.how D.when30.A.contract B.concern C.contrast D.contact31.A.release B.admire C.neglect D.honor32.A.subtle B.considerate C.careful D.suspicious33.A.workswith B.dreamsof C.dependson D.looksfor34.A.tearapart B.tellapart C.fallapart D.setapart35.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Instead36.A.destruction B.difference C.decrease D.distinction37.A.rude B.trustworthy C.polite D.respectful38.A.content B.honest C.obsessed D.angry39.A.with B.on C.in D.at40.A.stopping B.searching C.praying D.asking【21~40题答案】【答案】21.B22.A23.A24.D25.C26.C27.D28.B29.B30.A31.D32.D33.C34.C35.B36.A37.B38.D39.C40.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者没有闯红灯这件事，号召我们无论何时何地为了自己和他人的安全都要遵守交通规则。【21题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：有几次，我被堵在一辆缓慢行驶的卡车后面，在一条狭窄的道路上，我的左边是一条白线。我不耐烦地握紧了拳头。A.before在……之前；B.behind在……之后；C.between在两者之间；D.beyond超过。“我”被困在一辆缓慢移动的卡车后面。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几次，我被堵在一辆缓慢行驶的卡车后面，在一条狭窄的道路上，我的左边是一条白线。我不耐烦地握紧了拳头。A.impatience不耐烦；B.regret遗憾，后悔；C.curiosity好奇；D.respect尊重。“我”因为被困在卡车后面，不耐烦地握紧拳头。故选A。【23题详解】