2022-2023年湖北省宜昌市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022-2023年湖北省宜昌市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Mostpeople,includingthosewhoareagainstcloningresearch,owetheirlivesto______.

2.

InsuchepisodesastheRedBaron,theshowhasbeenheavilyrelyingon______.

3.IfAmericansaren'tcompetitiveinscience,theycannotsurvivetheseverecompetitionbetweendevelopedcountries.

4.WhyMenandWomenCan'tCommunicate

—byDeborahTannen

Amanandawomanwereseatedinacarthathadbeencirclingthesameareaforahalfhour.Thewomanwassaying,"Whydon'twejustasksomeone?"Themanwassaying,notforthefirsttime,"I'msureit'saroundheresomewhere.I'lljusttrythisstreet."

Whyaresomanymenreluctanttoaskdirections?Whyaren'twomen?Andwhycan'twomenunderstandwhymendon'twanttoask?Theexplanation,forthisandforcountlessminorandmajorfrustrationsthatwomenandmenencounterwhentheytalktoeachother,liesinthedifferentwaysthattheyuselanguage—differencesthatbeginwithhowgirlsandboysuselanguageaschildren,growingupindifferentworlds.

Anthropologists,sociologistsandpsychologistshavefoundthatlittlegirlsplayinsmallgroupsorinpairs;theyhaveabestfriend,withwhomtheyspendalotoftimetalking.It'sthetellingofsecretsthatmakesthembestfriends.Theylearntouselanguagetonegotiateintimacy—tomakeconnectionsandfeelclosetoeachother.

Boys,ontheotherhand,tendtoplaycompetitivegamesinlargergroups,whicharehierarchical.High-statusboysgiveorders,andlow-statusboysarepushedaround.Soboyslearntouselanguagetopreserveindependenceandnegotiatetheirstatus,tryingtoholdcenterstage,challengeandresistchallenges,displayknowledgeandverbalskill.

Thesedivergent(有分歧的)assumptionsaboutthepurposeoflanguagepersistintoadulthood,wheretheylieinwaitbehindcross-genderconversations,readytoleapoutandcausepuzzlementorgrief.Inthecaseofaskingfordirections,thesameinterchangeisexperienceddifferentlybywomenandmen.Fromawoman'sperspective,youaskforhelp,yougetit,andyougettowhereyou'regoing.Afleetingconnectionismadewithastranger,whichisfundamentallypleasant.Butamanisawarethatbyadmittingignoranceandaskingforinformation,hepositionshimselfone-downtosomeoneelse.Farfrompleasant,thisishumiliating.Soitmakessenseforhimtopreservehisindependenceandself-esteematthecostofalittleextratraveltime.

Hereisanotherscenefromthedramaofthedifferencesinmen'sandwomen'swaysoftalking.Awomanandamanreturnhomefromwork.Shetellseverythingthathappenedduringtheday:whatshedid,whomshemet,whattheysaid,whatthatmadeherthink.Thensheturnstohimandasks,"Howwasyourday?"Hesays,"Sameoldratrace."Shefeelslockedout:"Youdon'ttellmeanything."Heprotests,"Nothinghappenedatwork."Theyhavedifferentassumptionsaboutwhat's"anything"totell.Toher,tellinglife'sdailyeventsandimpressionsmeansshe'snotaloneintheworld.Suchtalkistheessenceofintimacy—evidencethatsheandherpartnerarebestfriends.Sinceheneverspenttimetalkinginthiswaywithhisfriends,bestorotherwise,hedoesn'texpectit,doesn'tknowhowtodoit,anddoesn'tmissitwhenitisn'tthere.

Another'sourceofmutualfrustrationisthedifferenceinwomen'sandmen'sassumptionsabout"troublestalk."Shebeginstotalkaboutaproblem;heoffersasolution;shedismissesit,withpique(赌气).Hefeelsfrustrated:"Shecomplains,butshedoesn'twanttodoanythingtosolveherproblems."Indeed,whatshewantstodoaboutitistalk.Sheisfrustratedbecausehissolutioncutsshortthediscussion,andimpliessheshouldn'tbewastingtimetalkingaboutit.

Thefemalesearchforconnectionandthemaleconcernwithhierarchyisevidenthere,too.Whenawomantellsanotherwomanaboutaproblem,herfriendtypicallyexplorestheproblem("Andth

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Naturalgasburnssocleanlythattheownersofthenatural-gasvehicleshave______.

6.

Someoftheimportantcustomerswereboredbylatedeliveryofthewatches.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Intheextremelyhotanddryenvironment,creaturesareimaginedtohave______tominimizelossofwaterandconserveit.

8.

Wecantellwhethersomeonesuffersfromdepressionornotby______.

9.

Adepressedpersonmightfeelhopeless,helplessandoverwhelmedifheisinclinedto______oflife.

10.

Inthisarticle,theauthorrelieschieflyon______tosupporthismainideas.

11.

ThetradingcompaniesusedonlyadvertisementstopersuadepeopleinallpartsoftheworldtogotoAmerica.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.Organicagriculturehasbecomeabigindustryasmoreandmorefarmersareswitchingtoit.

13.

TheauthormentionsthefactthatAndyhaschangedhercomputers5timesinthepast9yearswiththeintentiontoillustratethate-wasteisawide-spreadproblem.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Ajournalistsucceedsmoreeasilythanastockbroker.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Inthewest,theabstractthinkingoftheGreekculturecoexistswiththeearlyRoman-Latinelementofconcreteness.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.StudentsinHarvardareencouragedtousebulbsof18wattsapiece.

17.

Epiphytes,whichform.muchoftheunderstoryoftherainforest,getalltheirwaterandnutrientsfrom______.

18.

TheimportantadvantagetheAndeanteachershadwasthat______.

19.

AccordingtoEuropeanconcepts,aFrencharchitectdesignedamodemIndiancity,named______.

20.

Sofar,thereseemstobenosolutioninsightastohowthehydrogencanbestored.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：W:Iheardyou'removingtoanewapartmentsoon.

M:Yes,Ihaveto,althoughit'llbemoreexpensive.MypresentroommateplayshistaperecorderallnightlongandIcan'tsleep.

Q:Whydoesthemanwanttochangehislivingplace?

(14)

A.Hisroommate'staysawakeallnight.

B.Hewanttoplayhisrecorderatnight.

C.Thepresentoneistooexpensive.

D.Thepresentoneistooexpensive.

22.听力原文：TheclassiccaseinmedicalhistoryofatyphoidcarrieristhatofMaryMallon.DuringaNewYorktyphoidepidemicshewasfoundworkingasacookandthusveryreadilyspreadthediseasetoothers.Shepersistedinfindingemploymentasacookbothinprivateserviceandinvariousinstitutions.Sheevenchangedhernametoavoiddetection.Foreightyearsshecontinuedtocarryandspreadtyphoidwherevershewent.Finallyshewasmadetoliveinahospital.Thereherworkcouldberegulatedsothatshedidnotpassontyphoid.Shelivedinhospitalfortwenty-threeyears,untilherdeathin1938.Forthirty-oneyearsshehadbeenaknowncarrierofthediseasewithoutherselfsufferinganyilleffects.

(30)

A.Atyphoidcarrier.B.Acooker.C.Apatient.D.Amedico.

23.(29)

A.Bystudyingthesignsaroundthemwitheyesandbrains.

B.Bychangingtheweather.

C.Bycontrollingtheweather.

D.Bylisteningtoothers'advice.

24.

【B10】

25.(24)

A.Acoupleofdays.B.Fourdays.C.Sixmonths.D.Twoweeks.

26.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Centuriesago,duringtheMiddleAges,mostofthelandinEuropewasownedbymanydifferentkingsandqueens,princesandprincesses,lordsandladies.Theydidnotallgetalong.Theywerealwaysfighting.Theyallwantedtogetmoreland.Toprotectthemselves,theystartedbuildinghugehomesoutofstone.Theycalledtheirhomescastles.Acastlewasbuiltbehindastrongstonewall.Thewallwasfiveorsixfeetthickandtentotwentyfeethigh.Adeepditchcalledamoatwasdugaroundtheoutsideofthewall.Itwasoftenfilledwithwater,andtheonlywayanyonecouldenterthecastlewastocrossadrawbridge.Thedrawbridgecouldberaisedorloweredoverthemoatfrominsidethecastlewalls.Themwasalsoatunnelthatbeganinthecastleandendedatthemoat.Thiswasimportantincasethecastlewascaptured.Itallowedthekingandqueentoescape.Theycouldswimacrossthemoatandhideintheforest.Livinginacastlewasnotverycomfortable.Theroomswerecoldanddamp.Everyroomcouldhaveafireburninginagreatfireplace,butuntilthetwelfthcenturycastlesdidnothavechimneys.Thesmokefromtheirfireplaceshadtogooutthroughopendoorsandwindows.Mealsoftenhadtenortwelvecourses.Themeatmightbewildboarorbirdsthatwereboiledorroastedoveranopenfire.Allthefoodwashighlyseasoned.Peopleevenputpepperintheirdrinks!Thepeoplesatatalongtableandatewiththeirfingersandaknife,allpickingtheirfoodfromthesamebigdish.Theyhadnonapkins.Therefore,theyoftenwipedtheirhandsonpiecesofbread.Whentheirfingerswereclean,theythrewthebreadtotheirhuntingdogs.

(27)

A.Kingsandqueens,princesandprincesses,andlordsandladiesbuiltcastlesinordertogetmoreland.

B.Aroundtheoutsideofacastle,amoatwasdug,whichwasoftenfilledwithwater.

C.Acastlewasbuiltbehindathickandhighstonewall,whichwasstrongenoughtostandthepossibleattackofenemies.

D.Ifadrawbridgewaspulledup,therewasnowayforpeopletoenterthecastle.

27.(43)

28.(21)

A.Itwouldhaveabadeffectonthelocalpeople.

B.Thelocalpeopledonotwanttosellanyland.

C.Thegovernmentdoesn'tallowlandtobesold.

D.Thereisn'tenoughmoneyavailabletobuyland.

29.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M：Congratulations!Ijustheardaboutyouracceptanceintolawschool.Doyouthinkyouwouldjoinyourbrother'sfirmaftergraduation?

W：Notlikely.Heisataxlawyer,andIamgoingtomajorincriminallaw．

Q：Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(12)

A.Sheisn'tgoingtochangehermajor.

B.Sheplanstomajorintaxlaw.

C.Shestudiesinthesameschoolasherbrother.

D.Sheisn'tgoingtoworkinherbrother'sfirm.

30.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Aftershoppingformostoftheday,acouplereturntofindtheircarhasbeenstolen.Theyareshockedandveryupsetbecausetheyjustboughtitamonthago.Theygotothepolicestationtomakeafullreport.Then,apoliceofficerdrivesthembacktotheparkinglottoseeifanyevidencecanbefoundatthesceneofthecrime.Totheirsurprise,theearhasbeenreturned.

Thereisanenvelopestuckonthecarwithanoteofapologyandtwoticketstoaconcert.Thenotereads,"Iapologizefortakingyourcar,butmywifewashavingababyandIhadtouseyourcartorushhertothehospital.Pleaseforgivetheinconvenience.Herearetwoticketsfortonight'sconcert."

Thecouplefeelrelieved.Afterall,mosthumanbeingsarekind,theythink.Theyevenfeelgladthattheircarwasusedinsuchaway.Itmightperhapshavesavedtwolives,themother'sandthebaby's.Theygototheconcert,enjoythemusictotheirhearts'content,andreturnhomelate.Totheirastonishment,theyfindtheirhousehasbeenrobbed.Valuablegoodshavebeentaken.Thedownstairslivingroomisinamess.Eventhekitchenisnotspared.And,thereisanoteonthedoorreading,"Well,youstillhaveyourcar.Ihavetoputmynewly-bornkidthroughcollegesomehow,don'tI?"

(27)

A.Becausetheywanttofindthecarthere.

B.Becausetheywanttofindevidence.

C.Becausetheywanttocatchthethiefthere.

D.Becausetheywanttoknowffanyotherearsarestolen.

31.

【B9】

32.(31)

A.Travelinginit.

B.Studyingitslanguage.

C.Livinginit.

D.Alloftheabove.

33.(32)

A.Itwasnotreallyamagazine.

B.Itfeaturedavarietyofarticlesandstories.

C.Itwaspraisedbyreadersofpoetry.

D.Itwasunpopularwithpoliticians.

34.

【B2】

35.(45)

36.(34)

A.About700millionlight-yearsfromSun.

B.About700millionlight-yearsfromEarth.

C.About700millionlight-yearsfromtheblackhole.

D.About700millionlight-yearsfromagalaxy.

37.听力原文：M:Therewasanewquizshowontelevisionlastnight,butwewerejustsittingdowntodinnerwhenitcameon.

W:Iwatcheditanditwasgreat!Thefirstfourcontestantswononlysmallprizes,butthefifthleftwithanewluxurycar.

Q:Whethappenedlastnight?

(13)

A.Fourcontestantsfailedtowinprizes.

B.Themanmissedtheshow.

C.Thewomanateduringtheshow.

D.Fivecontestantswoncars.

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Wecanexperiencestressanytimewefeelwedon'thave【B1】______.Itcancomefromafeelingthatwecan'tdoanythingabout.Basically,itisthebody'swayofshowingworryor【B2】______.

Stressisnotjustcausedbyourmentalor【B3】______condition,itisalso【B4】______byhowtiredweare,whetherwehavea【B5】______dietwithenoughvitaminsandminerals,whetherwegetenoughphysicalexercise,andwhetherwecan【B6】______.

Ifwefeelstressed,thereareseveralthingsthatwecando.First,weneedtolearnhowtorelaxandbreatheslowlyand【B7】______.

Wecanalsotakesometimeoutofourworried,busy【B8】______tonoticethesmallthingsinlife.Smelltheair,lookattheflowers,noticethesmalldesignsintheleavesonatree--【B9】______Weneedtotakecareofourbodies.【B10】______.

Finally,weneedtofindwhatiscausingthestressinourlives.Oncewehavefoundit,weneedtobegintochangethatpartofourlives.【B11】______.

【B1】

39.(36)

A.HewasamanfullofresponsibilityforGermancitizens.

B.Hewasamanwithlittlecouragetofacethethreatofwar.

C.Hewasaneccentricmanwholoveshotweather.

D.Hewasamanofmanytalentswithasenseofidealism.

40.

【B4】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Inthelastsentenceofthepassage"itsprivatepartner"refersto______.

A.theUNOfficeforProjectsServices

B.theUniversityofPennsylvania

C.GlobalTechnologyOrganization

D.theUNMillenniumSummit

42.

GeorgesValensi'spatentlasteduntil1971because______.

A.nobodywouldofferandrewardforhispatentpriortothattime

B.hispatentcouldnotbeputtouseforanunusuallylongtime

C.thecolorTVreceiverwasnotavailableuntilthattime

D.therewerenotenoughTVstationstoprovidecolorprogrammes

43.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thus,amostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime.

Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweather.mapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twicea'monthitissuesa30-day"outlook"whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelswhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,fronts,andstorms.

Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.Butthelimitationsofmodificationhavepreventedmeteorologicalresultsexceptintheseedingofsuper-cooled,upslopemountainouswindswhichhaveproducedadditionalorographic(山岳形态的)precipitation(山岳雨)onthewindwardsideofmountainranges.Nevertheless,theyhaveprovidedaclearerunderstandingofthefundamentalsofweatherelements.

AllthefollowingcharacteristicsofweathermapsarementionedinthispassageEXCEPT______.

A.barometricpressureB.frontsC.thermalchangesD.windspeed

44.Humansontheearthhavehadanover-inflatedviewofhowfartheplanet'satmosphereextendsintospace.Itturnsoutthattheionosphere(电离层),thelayerofelectricallychargedparticlesthatcomprisestheouteratmosphere,isthinnerthanexpected-andcooler.

Understandingtheshapeandsizeoftheionosphereisanimportantfirststepinfiguringouthowparticularlydenseregionswithinitmaydistortradio,radarandnavigationsignals.Suchdistortionscanmakecommunicationsandsatellite-basedsystemslessreliable.

"Inordertopredicthowseverethosedistortionswillbe,it'snecessarytoknowhowbigthosestructuresintheionosphereareandwheretheyexist,"RoderickHellis,withtheSpacesciencesCenterattheUniversityofTexasinDallas,toldDiscoveryNews.

HellisandhiscolleagueshavebeenusingasuiteofNASAinstrumentscalledCINDI,whichflyontheU.S.AirForceCommunication/NavigationOutageForecastSystem(C/NOFS)satellitebetween250milesand530milesaroundtheplanet'sequator.

TheresearchersneverexpectedtoencountertheedgeofEarth'sionosphereatthosealtitudes,butthatisexactlywhathappenedduringthesummerof2008,atimewhenthesolaractivitywasunusuallyweak.

"Itwasarealcombinationoflowsolaractivityandthesatellite'srange,"Hellissaid."Wedidn'texpecttobeabletolookatthetopoftheionosphereinallplaces."Computermodelsbasedonpreviousresearchhadpredictedtheionospheretobeabout370milesaboveEarthatnightandabout620milesupduringtheday--thevariationduetotemperatureandotherfactors.

Instead,theCINDIteamdiscoveredthatthetransitionbetweentheionosphereandspacewasabout250milesaboveEarthatnightandabout500milesupduringtheday.

Theionosphereisprimarilycausedbyextremeultravioletenergyfromthesun.

"It'spowerfulenoughthatthosephotons(光子)canionize(使……电离)atomsinEarth'supperatmosphere,"saidDavidHathaway,asolarphysicistatNASA'sMarshallSpaceFlightCenterinHuntsville,Ala."Whenyouhaveageomagneticdisturbanceorasolarflaregoingoff,youcangetanionospherethatisuneven,whichcancauseproblemswithradiosignalsandGPSsatellitesignals,whichhavetopassthrough."

ThefindingswerepresentedattheannualAmericanGeophysicalUnionconferenceinSanFranciscolastmonth.

CINDIisanacronymforCoupledIonNeutralDynamicsInvestigation.ThedeviceworksbyseparatelymeasuringionizedandneutralparticlesataltitudeswheretheAirForcesatelliteflies.Asimilardeviceisonanotherpolar-orbitingAirForcespacecraft.

TheresearchershopetokeepusingCINDIassolaractivitypicksupinthesun'snew11-yearcycle.Thenextsolarmaximumisexpectedinlate2011or2012.

Wehavealwayshadamisconceptionabout______.

A.howfarawaytheupperedgeoftheionosphereis

B.howmanyparticlescomprisetheionosphere

C.howlongtheionospherehasbeenexisting

D.howtheionosphereextendsintospace

45.

Inthepast,publicworkswasdecidedby______.

46.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Onlyfewmencanparticipateincombatactivities.

B.Onlyfewwomencanparticipateincombatactivities.

C.Thereareafewmodernwarswhichcanbedonebymen.

D.Therearefewmodernwarswhichcannotbedonebywomen.

47.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothe"gloomyforecast"?

A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Indifferent.D.Notmentioned.

48.

Accordingtothepassage,______.

A.moreandmorewomenareinfectedbyHIVvirus

B.womenhavemorechancesofbeinginfectedbyHIVvirus

C.theaimofthestudyinthispassageistounderstandhowthevirusworks

D.manymedicalstudiesdidn'tansweranyquestions

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingterrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestpersonsbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroadmonster,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora"BeKindtoOtherDrivers"campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerance,whichissonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverswhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwheneverandwherevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagethatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoretake-and-giveonthepartofallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

Accordingtothepassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby______.

50.Accordingtothepassage,creditcardsarebigbusinessbecausecreditcardcompaniesmakeabigprofitfromboth______.

51.

【C9】

52.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Followingrepeateddelays,onNovember19ththeIMFfinallyapproveda＄2.1billionloantoIcelandaimedatrevivingthecountry'seconomy"afterthecollapseofitsbankingsysteminOctobertriggeredacrisisofinvestorconfidenceandasharpdeclineinthevalueoftheKrona.TheIMFloanisintheform.ofatwo-yearstand-byagreement,withIcelandabletodrawabout＄825millionimmediatelyandtheremainderineightinstallmentseachofaround＄155million,subjecttoquarterlyreviews.

NegotiationsovertheIMFbailout(救援行动)hadbeenongoingforanumberofweeks,heldupnotsomuchbytheneedforthegovernmenttomeetrequisitepolicyconditionsasbyanincreasinglybitterdisputeconcerningtheIcelandicstate'sobligationstoreimburse(偿还)depositors--mostlyintheUK,NetherlandsandGermany--holdingsavingsaccountswithIcesave,theonlinearmofoneofthebankruptIcelandiclenders,Landsbanki.Previouslythegovernmenthadthreatenedonlytoreimbursedomesticdepositors.

BeforetheIMFloancouldbeagreed,Icelandhadtocommittoguaranteeingtoeachdepositortheminimumpaymentof20,887,asstipulatedunderEuropeanEconomicArea(EEA)legislationthatallowedIcelandicbankstooperateintheEU.Precisedetailsofhowalltherefundswillbemadearestilltobefinalized,althoughitwasstressedthattoday'sIMFloanwillnotbeusedtorepaydepositors.TheUKhasloaned＄3.3billiontoIcelandtocovertheestimated300,000BritishdepositorsinIcesave.Inajointstatement,theBritish,DutchandGermangovernmentsindicatedthatthecountrieswillallworktogether"toconcludeagreementsonpre-financingthatenablesIcelandtomeetitsobligationstowarddepositorsshortly."

AswellasreachinganagreementonIcesave,theIMFhadalsowantedconfirmationofadditionalbindingsupportfromIceland'sNordicneighbors.Finland,Sweden,NorwayandDenmarkhaveagreedtolendacombined＄2.5billion,withPolandofferingafurther＄200millionandeve