2021-2022学年新教材高中英语UNIT1RELATIONSHIPSSECTIONⅠTOPICTALKLESSON1课时分层作业含解析北师大版选择性必修第一册

课时分层作业(一)Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Wedonotknowwhichbehaviouraltraits(特性)areinheritedandwhichacquired.2．Hehasalivelysenseofhumour(幽默感)andappearsnaturallyconfident.3．Iadmirehispassionate(酷爱的)beliefinwhatheisdoing.4．Experienceiswhatmatters－ageisofsecondary(次要的)importance.5．Wearegrateful(感激的)toyouforpermissiontoreproducethisarticle.6．Waterismadeupofatomsofhydrogen(氢)andoxygen.7．Itisworthwhile(值得做的)toconsiderthispointmoreclosely.8．Villagerssaythefencewouldrestrictpublicaccess(进入)tothehills.9．Angles(角)oflessthan90degreesarecalledacuteangles.10．Afterseveralhoursofaimlesssearchingtheyweregettinglowonfuel(燃料)．Ⅱ.阅读理解AAfamilyisnicetohave.Someofushavelotsofrelatives.Othershavejustoneortwo.Andsomeofusliveinadoptedfamilies.Whataboutwildanimals?Someareloners，butmanyspecieslivepermanentlyinfamilies，justaswedo.WhenIstudiedAfricanwilddogs，Isawthateachpackconsistsmainlyofgrownbrothersandtheirfatheranduncles.Usually，oneunrelatedfemaleliveswiththem.Ifadoggetslost，itmakesitsspecial“hog­call”，andtheothersanswer.Warthogsalsoliveinfamilies.Acommongroupwouldbeanoldmother，hergrowndaughters，andthesedaughters'growndaughterswiththeirbabies.Ifthesewarthogsbecomeseparated，theylookforoneanother.Butsomeotherplanteatersseemtohavealmostnofamilyties.Forexample，caribouliveinhugeherdsofhundredsoreventhousandsofanimals.Exceptforeachmotherandherbaby，theseanimalsdonotappeartorememberoneanother.Ifsomeofthemgetlost，theothersdonotseemtomissthem.Ananimalcanbeingreatdangerifithasnofamilytohelpfightoffpredators(捕食性动物)．Ioncesawaroostertrytodefendhischicksfromasnake.Hewaskilledbythesnake.Thewildebeest，whichlivesinaherd，isonitsownwhenpredatorsstrike.Thatisbecauseawildebeestherd，likeacaribouherd，isjustacrowdofunrelatedanimalsthatdonotknoworcareaboutoneanother.ManytimesIsawwildebeestmothersstandingalone，tryingtoprotecttheirbabiesfromwilddogs.Butintheend，eachmotherhadtofleeforherownlife.However，abigfamilyissometimesanuisance(麻烦事)．Thelittledik­dikisatinyantelopethatlivesinAfrica.Ithasadietofrareplantsandislimitedtoasmallhomerange.Thedik­dikwouldnotfindenoughtoeatifthereweretoomanyrelativesaround.Thefemaleleopard，too，livesaloneallherlife，exceptwhileshe'sraisingcubs(幼崽)．Sheusuallyhuntssmallanimals，whicharejustbigenoughtofeedherandhercubs，butnobodyelse.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一些野生动物的家庭关系情况。有些野生动物是独来独往的，但也有许多物种像人类一样，永久地以家庭为单位生活。1．WhatwouldanAfricanwilddogdoifitcouldn'tfinditswayhome?A．Itwouldletoutaspecialcall.B．Itwouldlistentothefather'scall.C．Itwouldleavesomemarksontheground.D．Itwouldfollowthefamily'suniquesmell.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ifadoggetslost，itmakesitsspecial‘hog­call’，andtheothersanswer.”可知，如果一只非洲野狗迷路了，它会发出特殊的嚎叫声，其他的狗会应声回答。故选A。]2．What'stypicalofawarthoggroup?A．Femalesformclosecircles.B．Theoldestoneisusuallytheleader.C．Youngonesareindependentoftheirparents.D．Familymembersfightoffpredatorsontheirown.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Acommongroupwouldbeanoldmother，hergrowndaughters，andthesedaughters'growndaughterswiththeirbabies.”可知，一个常见的群体是一位年迈的疣猪，她的成年女儿，以及这些女儿的成年女儿和她们的孩子。由此可知，疣猪群的典型特征是雌性之间关系亲密。故选A。]3．Whatusuallyhappensduringamotherwildebeest'sbabyprotectionfight?A．Herbabiesrunawayfromher.B．Predatorsarescaredaway.C．Shegetsherselfkilled.D．Hereffortsareinvain.D[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ManytimesIsawwildebeestmothersstandingalone，tryingtoprotecttheirbabiesfromwilddogs.Butintheend，eachmotherhadtofleeforherownlife.”可知，很多次，我看到角马妈妈独自站着，试图保护自己的孩子不受野狗的伤害。但最后，每个母亲都不得不为自己的生命而逃离。由此可推知，角马妈妈保护幼崽的努力最后往往是徒劳的。故选D。]4．Whichofthefollowingcandescribedik­diksandfemaleleopards?A．Theyareloners.B．Theyarebigeaters.C．Theyarepeace­lovers.D．Theydomuchfortheircubs.A[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thedik­dikwouldnotfindenoughtoeatifthereweretoomanyrelativesaround.(如果周围有太多的近亲，犬羚就找不到足够的食物。)”以及“Thefemaleleopard，too，livesaloneallherlife(母豹也是终生独居)”可知，犬羚和母豹都是独居者。故选A。]BDespitebeingusedby1.24billionpeopleeachyear，travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Onecitizen，however，istryingtochangethis，“YougetontheTubeandit'scompletelysilentandit'sweird，”saysJonathanDunne，whohasstartedaworldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadges(徽章)withthewords“Tubechat”lastmonth，encouragingpassengersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.“Ihandedout500badgesduringrushhourinacityof8million，expectingmostofthemtobethrownaway，butafterabout24hoursitcompletelysnowballed，”hesays.Dunneandhis“Tubechat”campaignhavesincebeenreportedbymediaacrosstheworld，seeingTVinterviewsinSweden，BrazilandtheUK，aswellascountlesswebsite，newspaperandmagazineappearances.AlthoughDunnesayshe'sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback，noteveryoneagreeswithhisidea.LondonerBrianWilsonrespondedwithacampaignofhisown，handingout500badgeswiththewords“Don'teventhinkaboutit”onthem.“IcanhardlystandtheideaofhavingtotalktostrangersontheTubeonmywaytowork，”hetoldtheBBC.MichaelRobinson，24，astudentfromLondon，agrees.“BeingontheTubeistheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Itdoesn'tneedtobespoiledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou，”hesays.“PeopleassumethatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers，whichIdon't，butit'sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento，”Dunnesays.SoifyoueverendupusingpublictransportintheWest，whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou？Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.【语篇解读】在伦敦人们坐地铁很孤独，因为大家都不说话。为了改变这一现状，一位名叫JonathanDunne的人发起一项运动，鼓励人们在乘坐地铁时互相聊天。这项运动获得了很多人的认可，当然也有反对的声音。5．HowdidDunneencourageLondonpassengerstotalkwitheachother?A．ByputtinguppostersontheTube.B．Byadvocatinghisideaonthemedia.C．Byofferingpassengersspecialbadges.D．Bystartingadialoguewithpassengers.C[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...saysJonathanDunne，whohasstartedaworldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadgeswiththewords‘Tubechat？’lastmonth，encouragingpassengersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.”可知，Dunne是通过发放徽章来鼓励乘地铁的人们互相交谈的。故选C项。]6．HowisDunne'scampaigngettingalong?A．Ithascaughtinternationalattention.B．Ithasbecomeaworldwidecampaign.C．Mostpassengershaverefusedtoacceptit.D．Wilsonhasmadegreateffortstopromoteit.A[推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，地铁聊天活动被许多国家的媒体报道，也就是引起了国际关注。故选A项。]7．AccordingtoMichaelRobinson，whatshouldTubepassengersdo?A．Handintheirfeedbackintime.B．Walkupandtalktostrangers.C．Stopusingpublictransport.D．Enjoythepeacequietly.D[细节理解题。根据第三段中MichaelRobinson说的话“BeingontheTubeistheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Itdoesn'tneedtobespoiledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou...”可知，他认为对于有些人来说，乘地铁时是他们上下班途中唯一可以得到的平静时刻，这片刻的宁静不能被聊天破坏。故选D项。]8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TubeChatorNotB．LonelyTravelinLondonTubeC．SilenceontheTubeD．TubePassengersWearingBadgesA[标题归纳题。通读全文，文章是围绕着Tubechat这一话题展开讨论的，这一话题引发了争议和分歧，因此A项最能概括文章的主旨。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五Whenyou'remeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime，you'reeagertomakeagoodimpression.Yourbodylanguagecanmakeagreatdifference.★ShakehandsfirmlyWeakhandshakescanmakeyouseemshyandanythingbutconfident.1．Youwon'timpressanyonebygivingthemapainfulhand.★2Standupstraight，butdon'ttightenup，oryoumaylooknervous.Makesuretocheckyourpostureandstraightenupasneeded.★Keepasuitableamountofeyecontact3．Notonlyareyoupayingattention，butyou'reinterestedaswell.Wheneverthereisanaturalpauseintheconversation，feelfreetocasuallyglanceatsomethingelse.Eyecontactisgood，butnonstopstaringcanbealittleunsettling!★NodandsmilewhenappropriateTrynoddingthreetimestoshowthatyou'rereallyabsorbingwhatheissaying.Whenitcomestosmiling，4！Ifyouturnupthecornersofyourmouthbutyoureyesremainneutral(无感情的)，youcouldleaveabadimpression.★LaughgenuinelyEvenifyou'reinaformalsetting，ifhehasclearlysaidsomethingthatwasintendedtoencouragealaugh，laugh!Showhimthatyouhaveasenseofhumor，andyou'relisteningtowhatheissaying.5，laughterisagreatwaytohelpyoulookcheerful.A．KeepyourposturerelaxedB．makesure