UNIT4SectionⅡ教学知识细解码Word版含解析

1．powern．权利，能力→powerfuladj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的2．realadj.真实的；实际存在的；真的；真正的；确实的→realityn．真实；现实→realizevt.实现；意识3．sureadj.确信；确知；肯定；有把握；一定，必定→ensurevt.确保，保证4．delivervi.&vt.递送；传送→deliveryn．递送；传送5．arguev．争论；争吵；争辩；论证→argumentn．论点；论据6．concentratevi.专注，专心；集中注意力→concentrationn．专心；专注；集中7．rewardn．奖赏，回报vt.奖赏；给予回报；酬谢→rewardingadj.有益的；有意义的WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)subscribevi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.(签署)文件；捐助(教材P12)tosubscribetonewspapersandmagazines订阅报纸和杂志[例1]Whatnewspapersandmagazinesdoyousubscribeto?你订了什么报纸和杂志？[例2]I'vepersonallyneversubscribedtotheviewthateithersexissuperiortotheother.我个人从来都不同意性别有优劣之分的观点。[造句]我订阅《新科学家》主要是为了了解科学的最新进展。MymainreasonforsubscribingtoNewScientististokeepinformedofadvancesinscience.[知识拓展]subscriber(杂志等)订购者，订阅者；(手机、电话等)用户；捐助者，资助者subscribeto 同意，赞成；订购subscribesth.to 捐助subscribefor 认购(书籍等)[即学即练]①IsubscribedtoaWomen'sWeeklymagazine.②Thesubscriber(subscribe)youdialedispoweredoff.③Hesubscribes10，000yuantothecharityeveryyear.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)accountn．账目；账户；说明；理由；计算；报道vi.&vt.认为；说明；总计有(教材P13)...setupanaccount．……建立一个账户。[例1]Ipaidthechequeintomysavingsaccount.我把支票存入我的储蓄账户。[例2]Somebanksmakeitdifficulttoopenanaccount.一些银行把开户弄得很麻烦。[造句]他详细描述了那个灾难性的夜晚所发生的事。Hegaveadetailedaccountofwhathadhappenedonthefatefulnight.[知识拓展](1)accountfor解释；说明；占……(比例)(2)onaccountof由于；因为onnoaccount 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)(3)oaccount/consideration＝takeaccountof...考虑……[即学即练]①Howdoyouaccountforalltheaccidentsinseries?②Onnoaccountshouldyouleavethebabyaloneinthehouse.③Weshouldtakeeverythingintoaccountwhenwearethinkinganddoing.[名师点津]表示“决不”的短语还有：innocase，bynomeans，atnotime，innoway，undernocircumstances等。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)harmvt.&n．伤害，损害(教材P14)DoyouthinktheInternethelpsorharmsfriendships?你认为因特网对友谊有帮助还是有害？[例1]Theaccidentcouldhavebeenmuchworse；luckilynoharmwasdone.这次事故本来可能糟糕得多；所幸没有造成任何的伤害。[例2]Ican'tsayIlikeMarkverymuch，butIdon'twishhimanyharm.我不能说我很喜欢马克，但我并不愿他受到任何的伤害。[造句]我如果伤到你我很抱歉，但是我就是这个脾气。I'mreallysorryifIharmedyou，butIhavesuchatemper.[知识拓展](1)do/causeharmto对……造成伤害dosb.harm＝doharmtosb.伤害某人；对某人有害meannoharm 无恶意Thereisnoharmindoingsth. 做某事无害处。(2)harmfuladj. 有害的beharmfulto... 对……有害[即学即练]①Ifyouwanttosolvetheproblemthisway，thereisnoharmincalling(call)him.②Workingonthecomputertoomuchdoesharmtoyoureyes.＝Workingonthecomputertoomuchharmsyoureyes.＝Workingonthecomputertoomuchisharmful(harm)toyoureyes.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)argumentn．论点；论据；辩论；争吵(教材P14)Underlinethegeneralideaandthetopicsentenceofeachargument．在其每个论点的中心思想和主题句下画线。[例1]Aftersomeheatedargumentadecisionwasfinallytaken.激烈辩论以后终于作出了决定。[例2]Thisargumentsoundsreasonable，butactuallyit'sincorrect.这种论调貌似有道理，但实际上是错误的。[造句]但这个论证是关于未来的。Butthisargumentisaboutthefuture.[知识拓展](1)beyondargument无需争论haveanargumentwith...over/about就……和……争论getintoanargumentwith... 和……争论(2)arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争论某事arguefor/againststh.为支持/反对某事而辩论argueo/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事[即学即练]①Theyarguedfortherighttostrike.②It'snousearguingaboutthequestionwithhimforhewon'tchangehisopinion.③Thespeakerarguedthatmoreforeignersshouldbeadmittedtothecountry.④Theyarguedhimintocycling(cycle)insteadofdrivingthere.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)replacev．取代，代替；接替；把……放回原位(教材P15)...imagesreallycannotreplaceareal­lifesmileorhug.虚拟形象真的无法取代现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。[例1]Teacherswillneverbereplacedbycomputersintheclassroom.课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。[例2]Hewillbedifficulttoreplacewhenheleaves.他离开后，他的位置很难有人接替。[造句]你觉得谁会代替她参加这场演出？Whodoyousupposewillreplaceherontheshow?[知识拓展]replacesb./sth.代替某人/某物replaceAwith/byB 用B替换/代替Areplacementn. [U]代替；替换[C]替换的人/物taketheplaceof＝replace取代[即学即练]①Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherlesscompetitiveevents.②Thefactoryreplacesthelabourworkbymachines.③Nobodycantaketheplaceofyoutodothework.[小片段填空]Shedidn't①replacethecupafterusingit，anditfelltothegroundandwasbroken，whichmadeherverydisappointed.Herhusbandsuggested②replacingit③withaplasticonesothatitwouldn'tbesoeasytobreak，butshesaidnothingcould④replace/taketheplaceofthiscupasitwasmadeover1，000yearsago.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)concentratevi.专注，专心；集中注意力(教材P15)...communicatingthroughascreenmakesitmoredifficultforchildrentoconcentrateorshowkindnesstoothers.……通过屏幕进行交流，让孩子们更难集中精力或对他人表示友好。[例1]Ican'tconcentratewithallthatnoisegoingon.吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法集中精神。[例2]Idecidedtoconcentrateallmyeffortsonfindingsomewheretolive.我决定集中精力找个住的地方。[造句]假如你不更加专心地工作，你将被解雇。Ifyoudon'tconcentratemoreonyourwork，you'llbedismissed.[知识拓展](1)concentrateon(doing)sth.专心(做)某事concentrateone'sattention/effort/thoughtson/upon...集中注意力/努力/思想于……(2)concentrationn. 专心；专注[即学即练]①Theywillconcentrateonteaching(teach)thestudentsreadingandwriting.②Hetriedtoconcentratehisattentiononhischemicalexperiment.③Iknewthatconcentration(concentrate)wasthefirstrequirementforlearning.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)rewardingadj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的(教材P15)...thoughweknowthatthenumberof“likes”orfollowerscannotcomparetohavinglong­termandrewardingfriendships.……尽管我们知道“赞”或追随者的数量无法与拥有长期而有益的友谊相比。[例1]Itisaveryrewardingexperiencetoworkthisoutoneself.独自解决这个问题是一次受益匪浅的经历。[例2]Theirfindingssuggestthatothers'opinions，whensharedwithyourown，arerewarding.他们的发现表明，与你分享他人观点就是一种回报。[造句]我真的要说这次旅行对我很有帮助。Imustsayit'sbeenaveryrewardingtrip.[知识拓展]rewardn．奖赏，回报v. 奖赏，酬谢，报答asarewardfor 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏give/offerarewardtosb.forsth. 因为某事而给某人报酬inrewardof为酬谢……；作为对……的奖励inreward＝inreturn作为回报/报答rewardsb.with...forsth.为某事而以……报答某人[即学即练]①Hewasgivenamedalasarewardforhisservice.②Hiseffortwasrewardedwithremarkablesuccess.③Shegotnothinginrewardforherkindness.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点8)contentn．内容vt.使满意，使满足adj.满意的，满足的(教材P15)Inaddition，alotofthecontentpostedonsocialmediaisshallowortrivial.此外，在社交媒体上发布的很多内容都是浅薄或琐碎的。[例1]Shehadn'treadtheletterandsowasunawareofitscontents.她没有看过那封信，所以对其内容一无所知。[例2]Myapologyseemedtocontenthim.我的道歉好像使他感到满意。[造句]我满足于从山下观赏山峰。Iamcontenttoadmirethemountainsfrombelow．[知识拓展]becontenttodosth.＝bewilling/readytodosth.乐意做某事；满足于做某事becontentwithsth.＝besatisfied/pleasedwithsth.对某事满意/满足contentoneselfwithsth.满足于……；对……感到满意[即学即练]①Thatrichmanistiredofcitylife，soheiscontenttolive(live)inthecountry.②Tobehonest，I'mverycontentwithmylifeatpresent.③Weshouldnevercontentourselves(us)withbookknowledgeonly.[图形助记]eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点9)focusv．集中；聚焦n．中心点；焦点(教材P15)Inmyopinion，friendsshouldfocusmoreonface­to­facecommunication，andlessononlinecommunication.在我看来，朋友们应该更多地关注面对面的交流，更少地关注在线交流。[例1]Thediscussionfocusedonthreemainproblems.讨论集中在三个主要问题上。[例2]Itwasthemainfocusofattentionatthemeeting.这是会议上关注的主要焦点。[造句]孩子们是她生活的重心。Herchildrenarethemainfocusofherlife.[知识拓展]focus...on/upon...把……集中于……ofocus使……成为焦点infocus 对准焦点；清晰outoffocus 没对准焦点；不清晰[即学即练]①Theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstplace.②Thechildren'sfacesarebadlyoutoffocusinthephotograph.③Theprogrammewasintendedtofocusattentiononglobaleconomy.[图形助记]知识要点10delivervt.递送；发表；向……交出，拯救；接生(教材P101)...yourorderwasdeliveredlastweek.……你的订单是上周递送的。[例1]Wepromisetodeliverwithin48hours.我们承诺在48小时内送到。[例2]Sheisduetodeliveralectureongeneticengineering.她将发表一个关于基因工程的演讲。[造句]加拿大计划向索马里南部地区运送更多的食品。TheCanadiansplantodelivermorefoodtosouthernSomalia.[知识拓展](1)deliversth.(tosb.)投递/传送某物(给某人)deliversb./sth.overtosb. 把……移交给某人delivergoods/newspapers 送货/报纸deliveraspeech 发表演说bedeliveredofababy＝givebirthtoababy生孩子(2)deliveryn. 递送，发言，接生[图形助记][即学即练]①Hedelivered(deliver)oneofthemostwonderfulspeechesinhistoryforthepresidentialelection.②Today，overthirtycompaniesregularlydonatefoodandothergoodstothecauseandthevolunteershelptodeliverthemtothehomeless.③Toherjoy，shewasdelivered(deliver)ofahealthyboy.④Thankyouverymuchforyourquickdelivery(deliver)andsupport.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点11)favourn．恩惠；善意的行为；赞同；支持；偏袒；偏爱(教材P101)Canyoudomeafavourandfindoutwhat'sgoingon?你能帮我个忙看看发生了什么事吗？[例1]Iwouldneveraskforanyfavourfromher.我再也不会请她帮任何忙了。[例2]Thanksforhelpingmeout.I'llreturnthefavoursometime.多谢你帮了我个大忙。总有一天我会报答你的。[造句]近来这个节目已不受观众欢迎。Theprogrammehaslostfavourwithviewersrecently.[知识拓展]infavourof支持；赞同；有利于……dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.帮某人的忙asksb.forafavour＝askafavourofsb.请求某人帮忙insb.'sfavour 对某人有利，有助于某人[即学即练]①CanIaskyouforafavour?②Domeafavourtoturnofftheradio.③Iwouldn'tbeinfavourofincometaxcuts.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)强调句(教材P15)Itistheseskillsthatenableustodeveloplifelongfriendships.正是这些技能使我们能够发展终生的友谊。句式分析：本句是一个强调句，强调主语theseskills。[例1]Itwasthemanagerthat/whoaskedhissecretarytokeephiminformedoftheprogress.是经理让他的秘书通知他进展情况。[例2]Itiscoffeethattheyalwaysdrinkintheafternoon.他们经常在下午喝的是咖啡。[造句]是在体育馆他经常和他的同学周末打篮球。Itisinthegymthatheoftenplaysbasketballwithhisclassmatesonweekends.[知识拓展]强调句型是用来对句中某一成分加以强调的，其一般句型为“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”。需要注意的几点是：(1)强调句和其他句型最明显的区别是：强调句的判断标志是去掉itis/was和that/who，适当调整后仍然是个完整的句子。(2)此句型不可强调谓语动词，如要强调谓语动词，可在动词前加do，does或did。(3)not...until...的强调句式是：Itis/wasnotuntil...that＋其他成分。(4)该句型可以强调because引导的原因状语从句，但不能强调由as，since等引导的原因状语从句。(5)如果强调的是主语或宾语且是指人时，则可用who或that；如果被强调的部分是其他成分时，须用that。[即学即练]①ItwasyesterdaythatwehadanEnglishexamination.②Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguidethatthemountainclimberwasrescued.③ItwasnotuntilIcameherethatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)make复合结构(教材P15)Secondly，theInternetcanmakepeopleself­centred...其次，互联网会使人们变得以自我为中心……句式分析：本句中makepeopleself­centred是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构；本句用形容词作宾补。[例1]Thenewsmadehimveryhappy.这消息使得他非常高兴。[例2]TheInternetmakesourlifeeasyandconvenient.因特网使我们的生活更加轻松方便。[造句]那可怕的气味使人们恶心。Theterriblesmellmakespeoplesick.[知识拓展]在“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中除了形容词可以作宾语补足语外，不定式、过去分词、介词短语、名词或名词短语都可以作宾语补足语。[即学即练]①Hetriestomakehisideasknown(know)．②Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry，todayhewasmadetocry(cry)byhislittlesister.教材高考1....setupanaccount.(2019·天津卷)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccountshouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.2.DoyouthinktheInternethelpsorharmsfriendships？(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.3.Underlinethegeneralideaandthetopicsentenceforeachargument.(2019·天津卷)Ithoughtanythingabstractlefttoomuchroomforargument.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard(hear)．2．Althoughhavingdone(do)hisbestinmathsthesedays，hestillgotnogoodmarks.3．ItwasTomthat/whoIfounditdifficulttogetalongwith.4．It'sthesortofworkthatcallsforahighlevelofconcentration(concentrate)．5．Theyhaveyettofindanexcellentapplicant(apply)．6．Everyeyeattheconferencewasfocusedonthechairman.7．Whatdoyouwanttoreplaceitwith?8．Iftheywintheargument(argue)，thenextquestionwillbehowtospendit.9．Theshopkeeperdeliveredsomegoodstomethismorning.10．Itisharmful(harm)toourhealthaswehardlyhaveanytimetogoinforsports.Ⅱ.短语填空inaddition；beconcernedwith；focuson；incontact；giveabriefresponse；compareto；onthebasisof1．Statementshouldbemadeonthebasisoff