《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案课后习题答案

《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案

UnitOne:ComputerandComputerScience

UnitOne/SectionA

LFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron

2.input;output

3.VLSI

4.workstations;mainframes

5.vacuum;transistors

6.instructions;software

7.digit;eight;byte

8.microminiaturization;chip

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.artificialintelligence人工智能

2.paper-tapereader纸带阅读器

3.opticalcomputer光计算机

4.neuralnetwork神经网络

5.instructionset指令集

6.parallelprocessing并行处理

7.differenceengine差分机

8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑元件

9.siliconsubstrate硅衬底

10.vacuumtube真空管

11.数据的存储与处理thestorageandhandlingofdata

12.超大规模集成电路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit

13.中央处理器centralprocessingunit

14.个人计算机personalcomputer

15.模拟计算机analoguecomputer

16.数字计算机digitalcomputer

17.通用计算机general-purposecomputer

18.处理器芯片processorchip

19.操作指令operatinginstructions

20.输入设备inputdevice

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,and

producesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.

Theycanalsobeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomiHiters、workstations,ormicrocomputers.

Allelse（forexample,theageofthemachine）beingequal,thiscaiegorizalionprovidessome

indicationofthecomputer'sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.

Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generation

computersofhistoricsignificcmce,suchasUNIVAC（通用自动计算机），introducedinthe

early1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearinginthe

early1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generation

computers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generation

computerssuchasmicroconwuters、whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scale

integrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generation

computersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproaches

tocomputing、includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操

作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创

建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、

使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存

储数据和执行运算的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有

限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物

理限制。还有一些限制与即使最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。

UnitOne/SectionB

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.experimentation

2.interfacing

3.interdisciplinary

4.microprocessor

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.artificialneuralnetwork人工神经网络

2.computerarchitecture计算机体系结构

3.robustcomputerprogram健壮的计算机程序

4.human-computerinterface人机接口

5.knowledgerepresentation知识表示

6.数值分析numericalanalysis

7.程序设计环境programmingenvironment

8.数据结构datastructure

9.存储和检索信息storeandretrieveinformation

10.虚拟现实virtualreality

UnitOne/SectionC

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.output

2.supercomputer

3.microcontroller

4.handheld;convergence

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.Webpage（万维）网页

2.touchscreen触摸屏，触屏

3.bladeserver刀片服务器

4.removablestoragedevice移动（式）存储设备

5.声卡soundcard

6.存储服务器storageserver

7.便携式媒体播放器portablemediaplayer

8.硬盘harddisk

UnitTwo:ComputerArchitecture

UnitTwo/SectionA

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.input;output;storage

2.BasicInput/OutputSystem

3.flatbed;hand-held

4.LCD-based

5.dot-matrix;inkjet

6.disk;memory

7.volatile

8.serial;parallel

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.functionkey功能键，操作键，函数键

2.voicerecognitionmodule语音识别模块

3.touch-sensitiveregion触敏区

4.addressbus地址总线

5.flatbedscanner平板扫描仪

6.dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机（针式打印机）

7.parallelconnection并行连接

8.cathoderaytube阴极射线管

9.videogame电子游戏

10.audiosignal音频信号

11.操作系统operatingsystem

12.液晶显示（器）LCD（liquidcrystaldisplay）

13.喷墨打印机inkjetprinter

14.数据总线databus

15.串行连接serialconnection

16.易失性存储器volatilememory

17.激光打印机laserprinter

18.磁盘驱动器diskdrive

19.基本输入/输出系统BIOS（BasicInput/OutputSystem）

20.视频显示器videodisplay

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiscread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,

whichusemagneticchargestorepresentIsandOs,opticaldiscsusereflectedlight.Ona

CD-ROMdisc,IsandOsarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpy（高低不平的）areas（called

“pits"）onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiscisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamof

lightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1

ora0.

LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa"read-only"disc.

Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhave

accessonlytothedataimprinted（压印）bythepublisher.

AsingleCD-ROMdisccanstore650megaOy/es（兆字节）ofdata.Thatisequivalentto

451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisc,thetimetoreirieveoraccess

theinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheir

accessrate.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

调制解调器是在模拟与数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，

这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就

是模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。

调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达

目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个

调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有

一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。

UnitTwo/SectionB

LFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.graphical

2.file;scheduler

3.virtual

4.slice

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.interrupthandler匚|」断处理程序

2.virtualmemory虚拟存储（器），虚存，虚拟内存

3.contextswitch上下文转换，语境转换

4.mainmemory主存（储器）

5.bitpattern位模式

6.外围设备peripheraldevice

7.进程表processtable

8.时间片timeslice

9.图形用户界面graphicaluserinterface

10.海量存储器massstorage

UnitTwo/SectionC

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.repository

2.central;sub-systems

3.network

4.layered或abstractmachine

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.codegenerator代码生成程序，代码发生器

2.abstractmachine抽象机

3.programeditor程序编辑程序，程序编辑器

4.configurationitem配置项

5.计算机辅助设计CAD(computer-aideddesign)

6.数据冗余dataredundancy

7.指挥与控制系统commandandcontrolsystem

8.视频压缩与解压缩videocompressionanddecompression

UnitThree:ComputerLanguageandProgramming

UnitThree/SectionA

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.artificial;instructions

2.low-level;high-level

3.machine

4.machine

5.functional;logic

6.statement

7.module

8.digital

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.storageregister存储寄存器

2.functionstatement函数语句

3.programstatement程序语句

4.object-orientedlanguage面向对象语言

5.assemblylanguage汇编语言

6.intermediatelanguage中间语言，中级语言

7.relationallanguage关系（型）语言

8.artificiallanguage人工语言

9.datadeclaration数据声明

10.StructuredQueryLanguage结构化查询语言

11.可执行程序executableprogram

12.程序模块programmodule

13.条件语句conditionalstatement

14.赋值语句assignmentstatement

15.逻辑语言logiclanguage

16.机器语言machinelanguage

17.函数式语言functionallanguage

18.程序设计语言programminglanguage

19.运行计算机程序runacomputerprogram

20.计算机程序员computerprogrammer

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthecomputer.Itlets

theprogrammerexpressdataDrocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardto

machine-specificdetails.

ThedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageofOsandIsledfirsttothe

developmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonics（助t己符）

forinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogram

knownasanassembler（汇编程序，汇编器）intothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.

Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaders（连接装入程序）combinepiecesof

assembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine'smainMemoryunit,wheretheyarethen

readyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingpiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceit

allowed“libraries”ofDrogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks—afirststeptoward

theincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobe

sufficientlyinconve市enithathigher-levellanguages（closertonaturallanguages）were

inventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedfor

compilers,programsthattranslatehiah・levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.As

programminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfidandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthat

createhigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecidicmspeedandstorageconsumptionbecamean

interestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

面向对象程序设计语言，如C++和Java,基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计

员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆的半径

一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类

继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套

程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代

码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得程序设计员的工作变得

比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。

UnitThree/SectionB

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.objects

2.platform-independent

3.multithreading

4.runtime

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.nativecode本机（代）码

2.headerfile头标文件；页眉文件

3.multithreadedprogram多线程程序

4.Java-enabledbrowser支持Java的浏览器

5.maliciouscode恶意代码

6.机器码machinecode

7,汇编码assemblycode

8.特洛伊木马程序Trojanhorse

9.软件包softwarepackage

10.类层次classhierarchy

UnitThree/SectionC

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.subscript;index

2.fixed

3.histogram

4.two-dimensional

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

barchart条形图

2frequencyarray频率数组

3graphicalrepresentation图形表示

4multidimensionalarray多维数组

5用户视图user，s)view

6下标形式subscriptform

7—^隹数名且one-dimensionalarray

8编程结构programmingconstruct

UnitFour:SoftwareDevelopment

UnitFour/SectionA

LFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.application;operating

2.assemblers

3.compiler

4.interpreter

5.debugger

6.loop

7.driver

8.JohnvonNeumann

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.inferenceengine推理机

2.systemcall系统调用

3.compiledlanguage编译执行的语言

4.parallelcomputing并行计算

5.patternmatching模式匹配

6.memorylocation存储单元

7.interpreterprogram解释程序

8.libraryroutine库程序，程序库例行程序

9.intermediateprogram中间程序，过渡程序

10.sourcefile源文件

11.解释执行的语言interpretedlanguage

12.设备驱动程序devicedriver

13.源程序sourceprogram

14.调试程序debuggingprogram

15.目标代码objectcode

16.应用程序applicationprogram

17.实用程序utilityprogram

18.逻辑程序logicprogram

19.墨盒inkcartridge

20.程序的存储与执行programstorageandexecution

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeinto

objectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglan父ua父es

thatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,butneeda

compilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoa/ow-/eoe/languagecalledmachinecode.

Compilerscollectandreorganize(compile)alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsource

codetoproduceobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameasorsimilartoacomputer's

machinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanrun

theprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesitstranslation.Iftheobjectcodeisnot

inmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchasassemblers、binders（联编程序），linkers,and

/oaders（加载程序）—finishthetranslation.

Mostcomputerlanguagesusedifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesof

computersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonal

computers（PC）andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduce

versionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,socompilersforalanguagemayvarybetween

manufacturers.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。较轻

微的错误，如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。

较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新

启动程序，结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。两种情况无论是哪一种，

程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险，

商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发现的较轻微错误

在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问

题或减轻其影响。

UnitFour/SectionB

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.entity

2.duration

3.data;process或process;data

4.implemented

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.checkbox复选框，选择框，校验框

2.structureddesign结构化设计

3.buildingblock积木块，构建模块，构件

4.databaseschema数据库模式

5.radiobutton单选(按)钮

6.系统建模技术systemmodelingtechnique

7.模型驱动开发model-drivendevelopment

8.数据流程图dataflowdiagram

9.下拉式菜单drop-downpull-down)menu

10.滚动条scrollbar

UnitFour/SectionC

LFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.heterogeneous

2.asynchronous

3.bridges

4.openness

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.procedurecall过程调用

2.faulttolerance容错

3.homogeneoussystem同构系统

4.autonomousagent自主主体

5.路山算法routingalgorithm

6.异构型环境heterogeneousenvironment

7.多址通信协议multicastprotocol

8.通信链路communication(s)link

UnitFive:SoftwareProcess

UnitFive/SectionA

Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.off-the-shelf

2.exclusive

3.cascade

4.requirements;integration

5.throwaway

6.immediate;stable

7.reuse-oriented;framework

8.software;compromises

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.systemspecification系统规格说明

2.unittesting单位（或单元、部件）测试

3.softwarelifecycle软件生命周期（或生存周期）

4.systemvalidationtesting系统验证测试

5.evolutionarydevelopmentprocess演化开发过程

6.linearmodel线性模型

7.programunit程序单元

8.throwawayprototype抛弃式原型

9.textformatting正文格式编排，文本格式化

10.systemevolution系统演变

11.系统设计范例systemdesignparadigm

12.需求分析与定义requirementsanalysisanddefinition

13.探索式编程方法exploratoryprogrammingapproach

14.系统文件编制systemdocumentation

15.瀑布模型waterfallmodel

16.系统集成systemintegration

17.商用现成软件commercialoff-the-shelf（或COTS）software

18.基于组件的软件工程component-basedsoftwareengineering（CBSE）

19.软件维护工具softwaremaintenancetool

20.软件复用softwarereuse

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Therearethreedifferenttypesofsoftwaremaintenance.Firstly,thereismaintenanceto

repairsoftwarefaults.Codingerrorsareusuallyrelativelycheaptocorrect;designerrorsare

moreexpensiveastheymayinvolverewritingseveralprogramcomponents.Requirements

errorsarethemostexpensivetorepairbecauseoftheextensivesystemredesignthatmaybe

♦eceswy.Secondly,thereismaintenancetoadaptthesoftwaretoadifferenioperating

environment.Thistypeofmaintenanceisrequiredwhensomeaspectofthesystem's

environmentsuchasthehardware,theplatformoperatingsystemorothersupportsoftware

changes.Theapplicationsystemmustbemodifiedtoadaptittocopewiththeseenvironmental

changes.Andthirdly,thereismaintenancetoaddtoormodifythesystem'sfunctionality.

Thisofmaintenanceisnecessarywhenthesystemrequirementschangeinresponseto

organizationalorbusinesschange.Thescaleofthechangesrequiredtotheso/hvareisoften

muchgreaterthanfortheothertypesofmaintenance.Inpractice、thereisn'taclear-cut

distinctionbetweenthesetypesofmaintenance.Whenyouadamthesystemtoanew

environment,youmayaddfunctionalitytotakeadvantageofnewenvironmentalfeatures.

Softwarefaultsareoftenexposedbecauseusersusethesysteminunanticipatedways.

Changingthesystemtoaccommodatetheirwayofworkingisthebestwaytofixthesefaults.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

软件过程比较复杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定

和判断。由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的尝试只取得了有限的成功。计算

机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。然而，至少是在未来几年内，不可能

实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能够接替参与软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设

计。

计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。不存在理

想的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。软件过程不断演变，以利用

组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。对于一些系统来说，需要的是一

个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能更为

有效。

UnitFive/SectionB

LFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.acceptance

2.code

3.automation;coverage

4.regression

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.blackboxtesting黑盒测试（法）

2.acceptancetesting验收测试

3.codeexecutionpath代码执行路径

4.testharness测试框架

5.equivalencepartitioning等价（类）划分

6.捕获/回放工具capture/playbacktool

7.视频分辨率videoresolution

8.白盒测试whiteboxtesting

9.测试脚本testscript

10.用例usecase

UnitFive/SectionC

LFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.problem

2.consequences

3.design

4.specific;general

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.procedurallanguage过程语言

2.commondesignstructure通用设计结构

3.classandobjectinteraction类与对象交互

4.designconstraint设计,约束

5.设计模式designpattern

6.可复用软件reusablesoftware

7.面向对象的系统object-orientedsystem

8.继承层次inheritancehierarchy

UnitSix:Database

UnitSix/SectionA

LFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.flat

2.data

3.application;administrators

4.conceptual

5.tables

6.fragmented;replicated

7.structured

8.entity-relationship;attributes

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.enduser最终用户，终端用户

2.atomicoperation原子操作

3.databaseadministrator数据库管理员

4.relationaldatabasemodel关系数据库模型

5.localdata本地数据

6.object-orienteddatabase面向对象数据库

7.databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)数据库管理系统

8.entity-relationshipmodel(ERM)实体关系模型

9.distributeddatabase分布式数据库

10.flatfile平面文件

11.二维表two-dimensionaltable

12.数据属性dataattribute

13.数据库对象databaseobject

14.存储设备storagedevice

15.数据类型datatype

16.数据插入与删除datainsertionanddeletion

17.层次数据库模型hierarchicaldatabasemodel

18.数据库体系结构databasearchitecture

19.关系数据库管理系统relationaldatabasemanagementsystem（RDBMS）

20.全局控制总线globalcontrolbus

IILFillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Adatabaseisanycollectionofdataorganizedforstorageinacomputermemoryand

designedforeasyaccessbyauthorizedusers.Thedatamaybeintheformoftext,numbers,or

encodedgraphics.SmalldatabaseswerefirstdevelopedorfundedbytheU.S.governmentfor

agencyorprofessionaluse.Inthe1960s,somedatabasesbecamecommerciallyavailable、but

theirusewasfunnelled（传送）throughafewso-calledresearchcentersthatcollected

informationinquiriesandhandledtheminbatches6比，Jit量）.Onlinedatabases—thatis,

databasesavailabletoanyonewhocouldlinkuptothembycomputer-firstappearedinthe

1970s.Sincetheirfirst,ewerimentalappearanceinthe1950s,databaseshavebecomeso

门cmithattheycanbefoundinalmostfieldofinformation.Government,military,

andindustrialdatabasesareoftenhighlyrestricted,andprofessionaldatabasesareusuallyof

limitedinterest.Awiderangeofcommercial,governmental,andnonprofitdatabasesare

availabletothegeneralpublic,however,andmaybeusedbyanyonewhoownsorhasaccess

totheeqiiiDmentthattheyrequire.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

在关系数据库中，表的行表示记录（关于不同项的信息集），列表示字段（一个记

录的特定属性）。在进行搜索时.，关系数据库将一个表中的一个字段的信息与另一个表

的一个相应字段的信息进行匹配，以生成将来自这两个表的所要求数据结合起来的另一

个表。例如，如果一个表包含EMPLOYEE-ID>LAST-NAME,FIRST-NAME和

HIRE-DATE字段，另一个表包含DEPT、EMPLOYEE-ID和SALARY字段，关系数据

库可匹配这两个表中的EMPLOYEE-ID字段，以找到特定的信息，如所有挣到一定薪水

的雇员的姓名或所有在某个日期之后受雇的雇员所属的部门。换言之，关系数据库使用

两个表中的匹配值，将一个表中的信息与另一个表中的信息联系起来。微型计算机数据

库产品一般是关系数据库。

UnitSix/SectionB

LFillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.commit

2.scheduler

3.shared;exclusive

4.wound-wait

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.nonvolatilestoragesystem非易失性存储系统

2.equipmentmalfunction设备故障

3.wound-waitprotocol受伤一等待协议

4.exclusivelock排它锁，互斥（型）锁

5.databaseintegrity数据库完整性

6.共享锁sharedlock

7.数据库实现databaseimplementation

8.级联回滚cascadingrollback

9.数据项dataitem

10.分时操作系统time-sharingoperatingsystem

UnitSix/SectionC

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.patterns;data

2.knowledge

3.centralized;distributed

4.wireless

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.dataset数据集

2.datawarehouse数据仓库

3.WebcommunityWeb社区，网络社区

4.sensornetwork传感器网络，传感网，感知网

5.数据挖掘datamining

6.社交网络socialnetwork

7.软件错误softwarebug

8.实时realtime

UnitSeven:ComputerNetworks

UnitSeven/SectionA

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.MAN

2.open;closed

3.bus

4.token

5.Ethernet

6.client/server

7.equals;temporary

8.network

ILTranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.fileserver文件服务器

2.carriersense载波检测，载波监听

3.protocolsuite协议组，协议集

4.peer-to-peermodel对等模型

5.bustopologynetwork总线拓扑网络

6.inter-machinecooperation机器间合作，计算机间合作

7.Ethernetprotocolcollection以太网协议集

8.proprietarynetwork专有网络

9.utilitypackage实用软件包，公用程序包

10.starnetwork星形网络

11.局域网localareanetwork(LAN)

12.令牌环tokenring

13.无线网络wirelessnetwork

14.封闭式网络closednetwork

15.环形拓扑结构ringtopology

16.客户机/服务器模型client/servermodel

17.网络应用程序network叩plication

18.进程间通信interprocesscommunication

19.打印服务器printserver

20.广域网wideareanetwork(WAN)

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Computerscancommunicatewithothercomputersthroughaseriesofconnectionsand

associatedhardwarecalledanetwork.Theadvantageofanetwo