系统解剖学四肢骨专家讲座

Bonesofupperlimb上肢骨Shouldgirdle

上肢带骨Clavicle

锁骨Scapula肩胛骨Bonesoffreeupperlimb

自由上肢骨Arm:humerus

肱骨ForearmRadius桡骨

Ulna尺骨

BonesofhandCarpalbones（carpus）腕骨Metacarpalbones掌骨Phalangesoffingers指骨系统解剖学四肢骨第1页★锁骨claviclePosition：anteriorandsuperiortothethoraxShape:

“S”shaped,

medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackwardSternalend

胸骨端

(medially)

Acromialend

肩峰端

(laterally)Superior

surface-smoothInferior

surface-roughsuperiorview(right)系统解剖学四肢骨第2页系统解剖学四肢骨第3页★肩胛骨scapulaPosition：posteriorandsuperiortothethoraxShapes:TwosurfacesAnteriorsurface:subscapularfossa

肩胛下窝Posteriorsurface:

spineofscapula

肩胛冈acromion肩峰supraspinousfossa

冈上窝infraspinousfossa

冈下窝Anteriorview(right)Posteriorview(right)系统解剖学四肢骨第4页ThreebordersSuperiorbordercoracoidprocess

喙突scapularnotch

肩胛切迹Medial(vertebral)border

脊柱缘Lateral(axillary)border

腋缘ThreeanglesSuperior:

oppositetothe2ndrib

Inferior:

oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalsspaceLateral:

glenoidcavity

关节盂supraglenoidtubercle

盂上结节infraglenoidtubercle

盂下结节系统解剖学四肢骨第5页系统解剖学四肢骨第6页★肱骨humerus上端Upperend:

肱骨头Headofhumerus解剖颈Anatomicalneck大结节Greatertubercle小结节Lessertubercle大结节嵴Crestofgreatertubercle小结节嵴Crestoflessertubercle结节间沟Intertuberculargroove外科颈Surgicalneck

（骨折好发部位）AnteriorviewPosteriorview（right）系统解剖学四肢骨第7页体shaftdeltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆(onlateralsurface)grooveforradialnerve桡神经沟

(onposteriorsurface）AnteriorviewPosteriorview（right）系统解剖学四肢骨第8页下端lowerend肱骨小头Capitulumofhumerus肱骨滑车Trochleaofhumerus外上髁Lateralepicondyle内上髁Medialepicondyle尺神经沟Sulcusforulnarnerve

（尺神经）鹰咀窝Olecranonfossa(posteriorly)冠突窝Coranoidfossa桡窝

Radialfossa

AnteriorviewPosteriorview（right）系统解剖学四肢骨第9页★尺骨ulna上端upperendOlecranon

鹰嘴

coronoidprocess

冠突

trochlearnotch

滑车切迹

radialnotch

桡切迹ulnartuberosity

尺骨粗隆

体shaft下端lowerendstyloidprocess

尺骨茎突headofulna

尺骨头Anteriorview(left)系统解剖学四肢骨第10页★桡骨radius上端upperendheadofradius

桡骨头neckofradius

桡骨颈radialtuberosity

桡骨粗隆articularcircumference

环状关节面体shaft--骨间嵴interosseousborder下端lowerendstyloidprocess桡骨茎突(laterally)ulnarnotch尺切迹(medially)carpalarticularsurface腕关节面(inferiorly)Anteriorview(left)系统解剖学四肢骨第11页Colles’fracture（科勒斯骨折）

系统解剖学四肢骨第12页手骨bonesofhand腕骨Carpalbones

8innumberandintworows

掌骨MetacarpalbonesNumberedonetofivefromthumbtolittlefinger（1-5）指骨Phalangesoffingers

Consistof14―twoforfirstdigit(thumb)andthreeforeachofotherfourdigitsAnteriorview（right）系统解剖学四肢骨第13页★腕骨Carpalbones

Proximalrow(lateraltomedial)

Scaphoidbone手舟骨Lunatebone月骨Triquetralbone三角骨

Pisiformbone豌豆骨Distalrow(lateraltomedial)

Trapeziumbone大多角骨Trapezoidbone小多角骨Capitatebone头状骨

Hamate

bone钩骨Anteriorview（right）舟月三角豆，大小头状钩系统解剖学四肢骨第14页Metacarpalbones掌骨(I-V)base(proximally)Shafthead(distally)Phalangesoffingers指骨base(proximally)Shafttrochleaofphalanx指骨滑车(distally)tuberosityofdistalphalanx

远节指骨粗隆Anteriorview（right）系统解剖学四肢骨第15页Bonesoflowerlimb下肢骨下肢带骨Pelvicgirdle:Hipbone髋骨自由下肢骨Bonesoffreelowerlimb:Femur股骨

Patella髌骨Tibia胫骨

Fibula腓骨FootTarsalbones（tarsus）跗骨Metatarsalbones跖骨Phalangesoftoes趾骨

系统解剖学四肢骨第16页★髋骨hipboneConsistingofthreefusedbonesIlium髂骨Ischium坐骨Pubis耻骨Acetabulum髋臼Formedbybodiesofilium,ischiumandpubisLunatesurface月状面Acetabularfossa髋臼窝Acetabularnotch髋臼切迹Obturatorforamen

闭孔Medial(right)Lateral(right)系统解剖学四肢骨第17页★髂骨Ilium髂骨体Bodyofilium

髂骨翼Alaofilium:Iliaccrest髂嵴Anteriorsuperioriliacspine髂前上棘

Anteriorinferioriliacspine髂前下棘Tubercleofiliaccrest髂结节Posteriorsuperioriliacspine髂后上棘Posteriorinferioriliacspine髂后下棘Iliacfossa髂窝Arcuateline弓状线Auricularsurface耳状面Iliactuberosity髂粗隆Glutealsurface臀面Medial(right)Lateral(right)系统解剖学四肢骨第18页★坐骨IschiumBodyofischium坐骨体Ischialspine坐骨棘Greatersciaticnotch坐骨大切迹Lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切迹Ramusofischium坐骨支ischialtuberosity坐骨结节Medial(right)Lateral(right)系统解剖学四肢骨第19页★耻骨Pubis耻骨体Bodyofpubis耻骨体Iliopubiceminence髂耻隆起Superiorramusofpubis耻骨上支pectenofpubis耻骨梳pubictubercle耻骨结节pubiccrest耻骨嵴symphysialsurface耻骨联合面Inferiorramusofpubis耻骨下支Medial(right)Lateral(right)系统解剖学四肢骨第20页★股骨femur上端upperend

Femoralhead股骨头Foveaoffemoralhead股骨头凹Neckoffemur股骨颈Greatertrochanter大转子Lessertrochanter小转子Intertrochantericline转子间线Intertrochantericcrest转子间嵴AnteriorviewPosteriorview（right）系统解剖学四肢骨第21页体shaftLineaaspera粗线(posterior)Glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆Pectinealline耻骨肌线

Poplitealsurface腘面AnteriorviewPosteriorview（right）系统解剖学四肢骨第22页下端lowerendLateralcondyle外侧髁Medialcondyle内侧髁Lateralepicondyle外上髁Medialepicondyle内上髁Adductortubercle收肌结节Intercondylarfossa髁间窝Patellarsurface髌面AnteriorviewPosteriorview（right）系统解剖学四肢骨第23页fractureofthefemoralneck系统解剖学四肢骨第24页髌骨patellaTriangularsesamoidboneBaseofpatella髌底Apexofpatella髌尖Articularsurface关节面anterior(right)posterior(right)系统解剖学四肢骨第25页★胫骨tibia上端upperendMedialcondyle内侧髁Lateralcondyles外侧髁Intercondylareminence髁间隆起Fibulararticularsurface腓关节面Tibialtuberosity胫骨粗隆

体shaftInterosseousborder骨间缘

Solealline比目鱼肌线下端lowerendMedialmalleolus内踝Fibularnotch腓切迹AnteriorviewPosteriorview（right）系统解剖学四肢骨第26页腓骨fibula上端upperendfibularhead腓骨头

Neckoffibula腓骨颈体shaftInterosseousborder骨间缘下端lowerendLateralmalleolus外踝posterior(right)系统解剖学四肢骨第27页足骨bonesoffootTarsalbones跗骨Consistof7shortbonesMetatarsalbones跖骨Consistof5elongatedbones,numberedonetofivemedialtolateralPhalangesoftoes趾骨Consi