职称英语卫生类A级-8-真题-无答案

职称英语卫生类A级-8

(总分100,考试时间90分钟)

第1部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从

每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1.Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.

A.reluctantB.eager

C.pleasedD.angry

2.Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatall

times.

A.suggestedB.warned

C.statedD.described

3.Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.

A.denyB.investigate

C.stressD.create

4.Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

A.explainedB.invented

C.consideredD.accepted

5.IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyrequlateor

enlargeanoldone.

A.manageB.control

C.reviseD.outset

6.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

A.functionB.ability

C.powerD.volume

7.Aredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.

A.signB.substitute

C.proofD.target

8.Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry'shistory.

A.cleanB.perfect

C.realD.brief

9.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

A.heavyB.mild

C.kindD.wild

10.Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o'clock.

A.beganB.continued

C.endedD.resumed

11.Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness.

A.supportedB.excited

C.inspiredD.directed

12.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

A.tenselyB.nearly

C.carefullyD.closely

13.Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshipping

cargobywater.

A.graduallyB.suddenly

C.excessivelyD.exceptionally

14.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

A.makingB.taking

C.discussingD.expecting

15.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

A.wasteB.buy

C.useD.sell

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

UsingHIVVirustoCureCancer

Scientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV),oneof

mankind'smostfearedviruses,asacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseases

thatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody's

immune(免疫的)defenses,makingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients'bodies,

accordingtotheObserver.

AteamattheCalifornia-basedSalkInstitute,oneoftheworld'sleadingresearchcenterson

biologicalsciences,hascreatedaspecialnewbreedofHIVandhasstartednegotiationswiththe

U.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)tobeginclinicalgenetherapy(治疗)trialsthisyear.

Thefirsttrialsareexpectedtoinvolvepatientssufferingfromcancersthatcannotbecuredby

surgeryalthoughprojectleaderProfessorInderVermasaidtheHIVtechniquewouldhave"far

widerapplications".

Theplanremainsverylikelytocausecontroversysinceitinvolvesmakinguseofaviruswhich

hascausedmorethan22milliondeathsaroundtheworldinthepasttwodecades.Vermasaidthat

theideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposewas"shocking"butthefiercenatureofHIVhad

disappearedbyhavingallsixofthepotentiallydeadlygenesremoved.

Illnessessuchasvariouscancersarecausedwhenageneinapatient'sbodyfailstowork

properly.Inthepasttwoyears,breakthroughsingenetics(遗传学)haveledgenetherapy

scientiststotryandreplacethegenesthatdonotfunctionnormally.

Unfortunately,thebody'simmunedefenseshavebeenknowntoattackthemodifiedgenesand

makethemlosetheireffectsbeforetheycanstarttheirtaskandprogressinthefieldhasbeenheld

upbythelackofasuitablecarrier.

TheHIVvirushastheabilitytoescapefrom,andthendestroy,theimmunedefensecells

designedtoprotectourbodiesandthismakesitattractivetoscientistsasawayofsecretly

conveyingreplacementgenesintopatients'bodies.

16.FDAhasapprovedtheplanofusingHIVtocurecancerinhumans.

A.A．Right

B.B．Wrong

C.C．Notmentioned

17.TheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposehasbeenwidelyaccepted.

A.A．Right

B.B．Wrong

C.C．Notmentioned

18.HIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyifthedeadlygeneshavebeenremoved.

A.A．Right

B.B．Wrong

C.C．Notmentioned

19.TheHIVvirusisanexcellentwarriortofightthebody'simmunecells.

A.A．Right

B.B．Wrong

C.C．Notmentioned

20.Othercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinicalgenetherapytrialssoon.

A.A．Right

B.B．Wrong

C.C．Notmentioned

21.Itisthelackofmoneythathashelduptheprogressinusingreplacementgenestocurecancer.

A.A．Right

B.B．Wrong

C.C．Notmentioned

22.TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindevelopedcountries.

A.A．Right

B.B．Wrong

C.C．Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为

第3～6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个

正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

ExercisingYourMemory

1Agingdoesnotmeanadramaticdeclineinmemorypower,unlessyouhelpithappenbyletting

yourmindgo.

2That'snottosaythatmemorydoesn'tchangethroughoutlife.Researchersdividememoryinto

categoriesbasedonthelengthoftimewhenmemoriesarestored.Onesystemdividesitupas

short-term(lessthanoneminute;rememberingatelephonenumberwhileyoudial,forinstance),

long-term(overaperiodofyears)andverylong-termmemory(overalifetime).

3Short-termmemoryisn'tmastereduntilaboutage7,butafterthatyouneverloseit.Long-term

memory,however,involvesmoreeffortandskillandchangesmorethroughlife.It'snotuntilthe

earlyteens(十几岁)thatmostpeopledevelopamaturelong-termmemory.

4First,wemustgetinformationintoourheadsthroughlearning.Learningstrategiescanget

rusty(生锈)withoutconstantuse.Highschoolandcollegestudents,whoareforcedtorepeatedly

exercisetheirlongtermmemoryabilities(atleastlong-termenoughtogetthemthroughafinal

exam),usuallydowellonmemorytests.Thelongeryoustayinschool,themorechanceyouget

topolishyourlearningskills.It'snowonderthatmorehighlyeducatedpeoplehavemoreeffective

memoryskillsthroughoutlife.

5Althougholderpeopleingenerallearnsomewhatmoreslowlythantheydidwhenyounger,a

dramaticdifferenceexistsbetweenthosewhostayintellectuallyactivemreading,discussing,

takingclasses,thinking—andthosewhodonot.Givingthebrainadailyworkout(锻炼)isjust

asimportantasexercisingyourmuscles.Brainworkkeepsyourlearningstrategiesinshape,and

thishelpsyourmemorytofunctionatfullcapacity.

6Thenextpartofahealthylong-termmemoryisretention(记忆力),theabilitytostorewhat

youhavelearned.Memoryresearchersstilldonotknowwhethermemoriesarelost—whetherthey

stillexistinthebrainbutourmentalsearchingcannotturnthemup,orhavedisappearedentirely

asourbrainages.

7Thethirdnecessityformemoryisrecall,theabilitytobringtomindthememorieswehave

stored.Again,whileaginghaswidelydifferenteffectsontherecallabilitiesofdifferentpeople,

researchindicatesthattheolderweget,thelongerittakestorecallfacts.Butslowerrecallisstill

recall.Infact,agingdoesnotseemtohaveanyeffectonforgettingatall,whichtakesplaceatthe

samerateinyoungerandolderpeople.

23.Paragraph3______

24.Paragraph4______

25.Paragraph5______

26.Paragraph6______

27.Retentionrefersto______.

28.Therateofforgettingisthesame______.

29.Rememberingsomethingallyourlife______.

30.Exercisingyourbraineverydayisbeneficial______.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从

每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

第一篇

FirstAid

Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedical

treatmentisavailable.Itmaysavealifeorimprovecertainvitalsignsincludingpulse,

temperature,aclearairway(气道),andbreathing.Inminoremergencies,firstaidmaypreventa

victim'sconditionfromturningworseandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministered

asquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifference

**pleterecoveryandlossoflife.

First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim'sneedsandtheprovider'slevelofknowledgeandskill.

Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Improperly

movingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,canleadtopermanentspinal(脊柱的)injury

andparalysis(瘫痪).

Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesoffirstaidapplytoallemergencies.

Thefirststepistocal*lforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbe

reassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.

Next,assessthescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson'sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetails

oftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,andpreexistingconditionssuch

asdiabetes(糖尿病)orhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbecheckedforamedicalbracelet(手镯)

orcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthe

victimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.

Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhetherlife-threateningconditions

exist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim'sconditionisknownbytheacronym(首字母缩写语)

ABC,whichstandsfor:

A-Airway:isitopenandclear?

B-Breathing:isthepersonbreathing?Look,listen,andfeelforbreathing.

C-Circulation:isthereapulse?Isthepersonbleedingexternally?Checkskincolorand

temperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.

31.FirstaidmaybringaboutallthefollowingresultsEXCEPT

A.savingavictim'slife.

B.preventingavictim'sconditionfromgettingworse.

C.helpingapersonavoidsuddenillnessorinjury.

D.relievingavictimfrompain.

32.Beforeweadministerfirstaidtoavictim,itisveryimportantforus

A.torefertoallkindsofhandbooksonfirstaid.

B.tomakesurewhattodoandwhatnottodo.

C.toremovetheringorbracelethemaybewearing.

D.totakehimtoahospitalatonce.

33.Inadministeringfirstaidtoavictim,youshouldfirstofall

A.removehimfromtheaccidentscene,

B.turnhimover.

C.examinehimcarefully.

D.callforprofessionalmedicalhelp.

34.Youmayassessavictim'sconditionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

A.checkingwhetherthereisapulse.

B.looking,listeningandfeelingforbreathing.

C.examiningwhethertheairwayisopenandclear.

D.replacinghismedicalbraceletorcard.

35.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellthereader

A.somebasicfactsaboutfirstaid.

B.theimportanceofprotectingtheaccidentscene.

C.whatprofessionalmedicalhelpis.

D.whocanadministerfirstaid.

第二篇

StressatWorkandStillHealthy

Thetermcouldyetbecomethewordoftheyear:stressisoneveryone'slipsthesedaysand

everywhere.Notonlymanagers,officialsandteachers**plainingnowadays,housewives,children

andpensionersnowalsohavetheirownproblems.Theytoosacrificethemselvesforothers,feel

under-oroverworkedandquicklylosetheirinnerbalance.Irritation,tirednessandexhaustion

quicklyfollow.Butthatisonlythenegativeaspect.Stress,afterall,isalsolinkedtopositiveterms

suchasjoyoflife,tensionandvitality(活力).

"Firstly,stressishealthy,"saysWolfgangStehlingfromEItvelle.Thedoctorandmanagement

consultantsays:"Itoccurswhenthebodylosesitsinnerbalance,butthenstresshormonesare

producedtore-establishthebalance."Thusstressisnothingmorethanapositivereactionofthe

bodytopressure.Itisunavoidableaspartofournature:"Thereisnosuchthingasastress-free

life."

Butwhetherstressleadstotensionsinthemindortotensenessofthemusclesdependsonthe

duration(持续时间),itscauseorcausesandthesufferer'spersonalsituation.Peoplewhohave

troublesleepingorsufferfrombadmoodsorsimplythefluwillnotbeontopoftheworldand

willtakeeverylittlestrifeasnegativestress.Others,peoplewhofeelrefreshedateverynewturn,

arerelaxedandsuccessful,willviewadifficultroundofnegotiationsorcompetitionatworkmore

asapositivechallengethanacrosstobear.

Exercise,healthyeatingandrelaxationarethusthethreepillarsbywhichstresscanbe

conqueredalmosteverytime.Thesefactorsformaunit,explainsMaritaVoelker-Albert,

spokeswomanforthegovernment'sNutritionAdviceCenterinCologne.Itscampaign"GutDrauf"

(FeelingGood)istargetedatyoungpeople.Thegovernmentagency'sresearchsuggeststhatthree

outoffouradolescentsfeeltired,overtaxed(负担过重)andunderstress.Eatingdisorders

**plaintssuchasmigraines(偏头痛)andindigestion(消化不良),nervousnessandconcentration

problemshaveincreasedamong12-to16-year-olds.

Buteventhebestsolutionsdon'tworkiftheyarenotputintopractice,saysStehling.Anybody

whogoesjoggingregularly,practicesyoga(瑜伽功)andprescribesgoodliteratureasacurefor

negativestress,maywellendupundermorepressureashetriestofindthetimeforitall.

Sometimes,saystheconsultant,ithelpstotaketimeouttoreducestresslevelsoveraweekend.

36.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacorrectviewonstress?

A.Stresshasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.

B.Stressisonlyapositivereactionofthebodytopressure.

C.Stressisunavoidableaspartofournature.

D.Stressonlyleadstoseriousproblems.

37.Apersonwhohaslosthisinnerbalancemaysoonfeel

A.fitandhealthy.

B.under-oroverworked.

C.irritated,tiredandexhausted.

D.relaxedandhappy.

38.Whowilleasilytakeeverylittlestrifeasnegativestress?

A.Thosewhoareingoodmoods.

B.Thosewhosufferfromtheflu.

C.Thosewhoaresuccessful.

D.Thosewhofeelrefreshedateverynewturn.

39.Allthe**plaintsaresaidtohaveincreasedamongchildrenaged12to16EXCEPT

A.painfulheadache.

B.indigestion.

C.lossofmemory.

D.nervousnessandconcentrationproblems.

40.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossiblecurefornegativestress?

A.Readinggoodliterature.

B.Practicingyoga.

C.Workingovertime.

D.Havingahealthydiet.

第三篇

IstheNewsBelievable?

Unlessyouhavegonethroughtheexperienceyourself,orwatchedalovedone'sstruggle,you

reallyhavenoideajusthowdesperatecancercanmakeyou.Youpray,yourage,youbargainwith

God,butmostofallyouclutchatanyhope,nomatterhowremote,ofasecondchanceatlife.

Forafewexciteddayslastweek,however,itseemedasifthewholeworldwasacancerpatient

andthatallhumankindhadbeengrantedareprieve(痛苦减轻).Triggeredbyafront

medicalnewsstoryintheusuallyreservedNewYorkTimes,allanybodywastalkingabout—on

theradio,ontelevision,ontheInternet,inphonecallstofriendsandrelatives—wasthereport

thatacombinationoftwonewdrugscould,astheTimesputit,"curecancerintwoyears."

Inamatterofhourspatientshadjammedtheirdoctors'phonelinesbeggingforachancetotest

themiraclecancercure.Cancerscientistsracedtothephonestomakesureeveryoneknewabout

theirresearchtoo,generatinganewroundofheadlines.

Thetimecertainlyseemedripeforabreakthroughincancer.Onlylastmonthscientistsatthe

NationalCancerInstituteannouncedthattheywerehaltingaclinicaltrialofadrugcalled

tamoxifen(他莫昔芬)—andofferingittopatientsgettingtheplacebo(安慰剂)—becauseithad

provedsoeffectiveatpreventingbreastcancer(althoughitalsoseemedtoincreasetheriskof

uterine(子宫的)cancer).TwoweekslatercametheNewYorkTimes'reportthattwonewdrugs

canshrinktumorsofeveryvarietywithoutanysideeffectswhatsoever.

Itallseemedtoogoodtobetrue,andofcourseitwas.Therearenomiraclecancerdrugs,at

leastnotyet.Atthisstageallthedrugmanufacturercanofferissomeveryinterestingmolecules,

andtheonlycancerstheyhavecuredsofarhavebeeninmice.BYthemiddleoflastweek,even

theTVtalk-showhostswhotalkedmostaboutthenewshadlearnedwhateveryscientistalready

knew:thatcuringadiseaseinlabanimalsisnotthesameasdoingitinhumans."Thehistoryof

cancerresearchhasbeenahistoryofcuringcancerinthemouse,"Dr.RichardKlausner,headof

theNationalCancerInstitute,toldtheLosAngelesTimes."Wehavecuredmiceofcancerfor

decades—anditsimplydidn'tworkinpeople."

41.Accordingtothepassage,apersonsufferingfromcancerwill

A.giveupanyhope.

B.prayforthehealthofhislovedones.

C.gooutofhiswaytohelpothers.

D.seizeeverychanceofsurvival.

42.Theunprecedentedinterestinthecureofcancerwasarousedby

A.anationwidediscussionofthetopic.

B.anannouncementbytheNationalCancerInstitute.

C.areportintheNewYorkTimes.

D.amedicalnewsstoryintheLosAngelesTimes.

43.AccordingtotheNewYorkTimes'report,acombinationoftwonewdrugscould

A.reducethesizeofalltumors.

B.preventbreastcancer.

C.curevariousdiseases.

D.preventuterinecancer.

44.Inthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraph,"itwas"means

A."itwastrue."

B."itwastoogoodtobetrue."

C."itwasamiracledrug."

D."itwasgood."

45.Thehistoryofcancerresearchhasshownthat

A.miraclecancerdrugsoftenturnupunexpectedly,

B.themassmediacanworkwonders.

C.curingcancersinmiceismucheasierthaninhumans.

D.animalsandhumansaresimilarinbehaviour.

第5部分：补全对话

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5

组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

ANewMedicinetoTreatBothAIDSandHepatitisB

AmedicineapprovedlastmonthtotreatAIDS(艾滋病)alsoshowspromiseagainsthepatitisB

(乙型肝炎).

Thedrug,3TC,putsdownthehepatitisBvirusinpeoplewithchronicinfections,stoppingits

damagetotheliver,researchersreported.

AboutonemillionAmericansarethoughttobeinfectedwithhepatitisB,whichcanleadto

cirrhosis(肝硬化),liverfailureandlivercancerinasmallproportionofvictimsifleft

untreated.(46)

"It'sapreliminarystudy,butthisispromising.Itlookslikeithasthepotentialtomakea

significantimpactonhepatitisB,"saidDrJulesL.DienstagofMassachusettsGeneralHospital,

whodirectedthestudy.

Currently,theonlytreatmentforhepatitisBisinterferon(干扰素).Suchatreatmentcan

permanentlyeliminatethevirusinaboutone-thirdofpatients.(47)

Inthelateststudy,doctorsfoundthat3TCappearedtoknockouttheviruspermanentlyinabout

20%ofpatientswhengivenforthreemonths.(48)

Unlikeinterferon,3TCisgiveninpillformandcarriesfewsideeffects.Thedrugwasapproved

bytheFoodandDrugAdministrationinNovemberforuseagainstAIDS.

BoththehepatitisBvirusandtheAIDSvirusneedaproteintoreproduce.(49)Doctors

havetestedsimilarAIDSdrugsagainsthepatitisB.Butallexcept3TChaveturnedouttobe

ineffectiveortootoxic(有毒的).

DrJayHoofnagleoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaidanextstepwillbetocombine3TC

withinterferontoseeifthetwodrugstogetherimprovethechanceofcuringhepatitisB."Itlooks

extremelypromising,"hesaidof3TC.(50)

A．3TCisoneofagroupofdrugsthatblockproductionofthisprotein.

B．Interferonmustbeinjectedforfourtosixmonthsandoftenhasunpleasantsideeffects,

includingflu-likesymptoms,fatigueanddepression.

C．ThehospitalisamongthebiggestonesinAmerica.

D．Dienstagsaidhehopesthatwithlongertreatment,thisresponseratecanbedoubled.

E．"It'snottheanswer,butit'sastepintherightdirection."

F．Perhaps20%ofthesepatientshavelingering(迁延性的)infectionsthatwouldbenefitfrom

treatment.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

第6部分：完形填空

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从