Herman Melville 作家及作品介绍

Puritanism(Calvinism),Transcendentalism,Symbolism,Individualism(Am.)TheRomanticPeriodHermanMelville(1819-1891)HermanMelville(1819-1891)1)Novelist2)Symbolism+allegory3)Moby-Dick(awhitewhale):Hisbestworkandmasterpiece;thefirstAmericanproseepic.（散文体史诗）Melville’smajorworks1)Earlyworks:Mardi;

Redburn;

WhiteJacket

Moby-Dick2)Lateworks:

Pierre;

BillyBuddMelville’sviewpoints1.ApartfromHawthorne,whoseblackvisionregardingtheevilofhumanbeingshadinsomewaychangedMelville’soutlookonlifeandwhoseallegoricalwayofexpositionhadaffectedhiswritingtechniques,ShakespeareantragicvisionandEmersionianTranscendentalismalsoproducedsomepositiveeffectofhiswriting.Melville’sviewpoints2.Intheearlyones,Melvilleismoreenthusiasticaboutsettingoutonaquestforthemeaningoftheuniverse,hencetheyaremoremetaphysical形而上学旳,超自然旳andthemaincharactersareardent剧烈旳andself-dramatizing自我中心旳“I”,defyingGod,asbestreflectedonMoby-Dick;whileinthelateworks,Melvillebecomesmorereconciledwiththeworldofman,inwhich,headmits,onemustlivebyrules.2023.429.MostofHermanMelville’snovelsarebasedonseavoyagesandseaadventures.Whichofthefollowingisnotthecase?

A.Typee.

B.Moby-Dick.

C.Omoo.

D.TheConfidence-Man

Moby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.AnalysisofMoby-Dick1.Thestory2.Theme:surfaceanddeepinterpretations3.Structure:acombinationofromanticismandrealism4.Symbolismandallegory5.Artisticfeatures:1)Languagestyle;2)writingstyle6.Theexcerpt1.Thestory

Thestorygoesroughlyasfollows.Theoutcastyouth

Ishmael,feelingdepressed,seeksescapebygoingouttoseaonthewhalingship,Pequod.ThecaptainisAhab,themanwithoneleg.Moby-Dick,thewhitewhale,hadshearedoff折断hislegonapreviousvoyage,andAhabresolvestohunthimtothekill.Hehangsadoubloon（古金币）onthemastasrewardforanyonewhosightsthewhalefirst.ThepequodmakesagoodcatchofwhalesbutAhabrefusestoturnbackuntilhehaskilledhisenemy.1.Thestory

Eventuallythewhaleappears,thePequodbeginsitsdoomedfightwithit.Onthefirstday,thewhaleoverturnsaboat;ontheseconditswampsanother.Ehenthethirddaycomes,Ahabandhiscrewmanagetoplunge使插入aharpoonintoit,butthewhalecarriesthePequodalongwithittoitsdoom.Allonboardthewhaleshipgetdrowned,exceptone,Ishmael,whosurvivestotellthetale.

2.Theme:

surfaceanddeepinterpretations

1)Surfaceinterpretation:Thestoryisnotcomplicated,dealingwithAhab,amanwithanoverwhelmingobsessiontokillthewhalewhichhascrippledhim,onboardhisshipPequod

inthechaseofthebigwhale.Thedramaticdescriptionofthehazardsofwhalingmakesthebookaveryexcitingseanarrativeandbuildsaliterarymonumenttoaneraofwhalingindustryinthenineteenthcentury.

2.Theme:

surfaceanddeepinterpretations

2)Deepinterpretation

ButMoby-Dickisnotmerely

awhaling

taleorseaadventure,consideringthatMelvilleisagreatsymbolist.Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.

3.Thestructure:

acombinationofromanticismandrealismItisamixtureoffantasy（幻想）andrealismbasedupontheSouthPacificwhalingindustry;itmightbereadasaninitiation（beginning）storyaboutIshmael,theoutcast,findinghimselfinarealworldofhardworkanddangerandanunrealworldofspeculation（思索）andmystery;

3.Thestructure:

acombinationofromanticismandrealismmoreover,itisafabulous寓言般旳dramatization戏剧化旳体现ofAhab’sobsesseddeterminationtorevengehimselfinthepursuitofoneparticularwhalewhohaspreviouslydestroyedhisboatandhumiliatedhimbyrippingoffoneofhislegs.4.Symbolismandallegory

LikeHawthorne,Melvilleisamasterofallegoryandsymbolism.Differentpeopleonboardtheshiparerepresentationsofdifferentideasanddifferentsocialandethnicgroups;Factsbecomesymbolsandincidentsacquireuniversalmeanings.1)thePequodisthemicrocosm

（微观世界）ofhumansociety.2)Thevoyagebecomesasearchfortruth.

4.Symbolismandallegory3)Thewhitewhalemeansmanythings:①ToMelville,itsymbolizesnature,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant恶性旳,andbeautifulaswell.②ToAhab,itrepresentsevil.Moby-Dickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.Ahabpursuedthewhalesoastopiercethewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisowndesire,hismadness.4.Symbolismandallegory③Totheauthor,thereaderandIshmael,thenarrator,MobyDickisamystery,amysteryofuniverse,inscrutable难以了解旳andambivalent矛盾旳,andthevoyageofthemindwillforeverremainasearch,notadiscovery,ofthetruth.

5.Artisticfeatures

1)Languagefeatures

Moby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.Itisdifficulttoreadbecausemuchofthetalkinthenovelissailorstalkandmuchofthelanguageispurposelyold-fashionedandElizabethan.

5.Artisticfeatures

2)Writingstyle(1)Symbolism

(2)Melville’sgiftsoflanguage,invention,psychologicalanalysis,speculativeagility思维旳敏捷

andnarrativepowerarefused溶为一体tomakeMoby-Dickaworldclassic.(3)TheskillfuluseofIshmaelbothasacharacterandnarratorgivesthenovelamoralmagnitude主要性.

5.Artisticfeatures

(4)Themanipulation操纵ofthewhalingchaptersforsomephilosophicalspeculation思索makesthenovelmorethansymbolic.(5)Differentlevelsoflanguageuseandstylesturnthewholebookintoasymphonywithallthemusicalinstrumentsgoingontoformamelody.

5.Artisticfeatures

(6)Melville’sknowledgeofepicandtragedy,thehighestliterarygenres,helpshimproduceagreatepic,withAhabatthecenterasatragichero,whoburnswithabalefulfire,becomingevilhimselfinhisthirsttodestroyevil(image).

Moby-Dick(6.Theexcerpt)

TheexcerptisfromthelastchapterofMoby-Dick,inwhichthegreatchaseofthewhitewhaleisendingandweareclosetotheconclusionofthebook.ThePequodhasfinallysightedMoby-Dick.

Theboatshavebeenloweredinchaseofthewhale,whichhasalreadydemolishedtwoofthem.ThoughAhabkillsthewhitewhale,yetallthehumanbeingsinvolved,exceptthenarrator,dieintheprocess.Attheendonlynature,symbolizedbythesea,remainsmovingbutunmoved.

CallmeIshmaelIshmael,theoutcast,findinghimselfinarealworldofhardworkanddangerandanunrealworldofspeculation（思索）andmystery;Melvillemanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughsymbolismandallegoryinhisnarratives.AhabItturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.InMoby—Dick,thewhitewhalesymbolizesnature

forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.

“Thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”meansthatman'sdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestruction2023.425.ForMelville,aswellasforthereaderand_______,thenarrator,MobyDickisstillamystery,anultimatemysteryoftheuniverse.A.AhabB.IshmaelC.StubbD.Starbuck1999.437.InMoby-DickafterthewhalingshipThePequadsinks,Melvillewrites:“…thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”Theauthormightimplythat___A.Nothingchangesinthe5,000yearsofhumanhistoryB.man’sdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestructionC.Natureisevilasitwas5,000yearsagoD.Naturehastheultimatecreativepower.2023.410.WhichofthefollowingwritingisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic?A.PierreB.MobyDick

C.TypeeD.BillyBudd2023.437.LikeNathanielHawthorne,（）alsomanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughsymbolismandallegoryinhisnarratives.A.MarkTwainB.HenryJamesC.R.W.EmersonD.HermanMelville2023.4

31．Thewhitewhale,MobyDick,symbolizes________forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.

A．society

B．nature

C．oceananimals

D．bothAandC2023.432．InMoby—Dick,thewhitewhalesymbolizes______________forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.A．nature

B．humansocietyC．whalingindustry

D．truth2023.427.“Thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”Inthequotedsentence,theauthormightimplythat______.A.nothingchangesinthe5000yearsofhumanhistoryB.man'sdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestructionC.natureisevilasitwas5000yearsagoD.naturehastheultimatecreativepower2023.430.Besidessymbolism,allthefollowingqualitiesEXCEPT______arefusedtomakeMelville'sMoby-Dickaworldclassic.A.narrativepowerB.psychologicalanalysisC.speculativeagility思维旳敏捷D.optimisticviewoflife2023.450.Retellinafewsentencesthestoryofthelastchapter(Ch,135)“TheChase－ThirdDay”ofMelville’snovelMoby-Dick.Discussthemeaningoftheendingofthestory.Answer

InthelastchapterofMoby-Dick,thegreatchaseofthewhitewhaleisendingandweareclosetotheconclusionofthebook.ThePequodhasfinallysightedMoby-Dick.Theboatshavebeenloweredinchaseofthewhale,whichhasalreadydemolishedtwoofthem.ThoughAhabkillsthewhitewhale,yetallt