实验室污水处理英文版

/LaborａｔorｙWasteｗａｔerdispｏｓal(Read748tiｍes)Ｈereｔhechemｉcaluｓｅｄineveｒyteｓtpｅrfｏrｍed.

1.

ChｌorｉdeｃｏｎtentｏfcｅmeｎｔﻫConc．Nｉtｒｉcaciｄ

dilutｅNitriｃaciｄ(1+2）＆（１+1０0）ﻫsilvernｉtrate(８．494g/L)

AmmniumThｉocyantｅ(3.8ｇ/Ｌ

Ａmmoｎiumironsulphａte—saｔuｒateｄsｏｌuｔionﻫﻫ２．InsoｌubleresｉdｕeﻫConc.Ｈyｄrochlｏｒiｃaｃｉｄ&(1+19)

ｓodiuｍcaｒbonate（５０g／L0

3.sulｐｈateｃｏntｅｎt

concHCｌ&（１+19）ﻫNaoh（1+16）ﻫＢariumchloｒide(10０g/L)ﻫ4。SiｌicaﻫAmmoniumchloｒｉｄe(0。5gaddｔｏ２50mlwａteｒﻫＨＣl

Sulｐｕriｃaｃid

hydrofluricacidﻫsｕlpurｉcａｎdｈydｒoflｏuricareaddeｄtｏtｈeprecｉpiateinacrucibleaｎｄthenｉｇnｉｔed(ｓoitｓｎoｔaddedｔowaｓtewaｔeｒ)ﻫfｉｌtratesoｌnｉsｋeptforｔotaloxidｅdeterｍinａtｉon

4。tｏtａｌoxidesﻫmetｈyｒed（2g/linethanｏl)

concnｉｔｒicaciｄﻫａｍmoｎiasoln（1：１）ﻫammonｉumnitratｅsｏｌｎ（２％)ﻫfiｌtｒａtesoｌｕｔｉoｎiskｅptｆorｃａｌciｕｍｏxｉdedｅｔermiｎatiolciumoxiｄe

DiｌuteＡmｍnia(1:４）

diluteＨCl(1:４）

ａmmｎiｕmOｘalate(1ｇ/L）ﻫＯxalicaｃiｄ

fｉltrateｓｏlutiｏniｓrｅsｅrvｅdfｏｒMａgnesiａdetｅｒｍiｎatiｏnﻫ６．Maｇnesiatesｔﻫcｏncnitric

ｄilｕteＨＣlﻫDiammniｕmhydrogenphospｈate(saturated）ﻫconcamｍｏnia

dｉｌute(25ml/L）＆（1：3)

aｍmoｎiumｎitrate（2g/L)ﻫ7。Ｆｅrrｉcoxｉｄｅｄｅterｍｉnatioｎﻫstａnｎoｕschloｒideｓolｎ－5gaｄdeｄｔo10mlＨClaｎddiｌutｅｔo１00ｍlﻫbariumdｉphenｙlamｏineｓulpｈｏnａｔｅ—0。3gin100mlｗaterﻫpｏtaｓｓiumdichromate-2。457g／Lﻫstａuｒaｔeｄsolnｏfｍｅrcuｒicchloride

Mｏstｌythetestisｃarriedｏｕtbyｈｅatｉng/boｉlinｇ，washｉｎgwｉtｈacｉd，ｆilteｒｉｎg。pｒecipiatebuｒnａtfurｎａce10０0Ｃｔhenweigh．

ﻫＴheｆiｌtｒateisdiposedｉｒｅctlyinｔothesｉnktｈeｎatthｅdraiｎageａndevenｔuaｌｌytothesea．．pHnoｒmaｌlyisａcidic.bｕtweneuｔｒaliseitwithｄilｕteaｍｍonｉｕmhydroxide。

Ｉｓｔｈisｓｕfficientenough?

IboughtaplastiｃｗateｒtａnksoIcaｎｃｏlleｃtallthefiltrateｓandfluｓhitｌargeｖoluｍeofwａｔerbeforｅIdｉsｐoseittotｈedraｉnage

Thefiｌtrateｓａfteｒｅaｃhtesｔislessthaｎ4ｌiterｓ.Pｌeaｓnｙouplｅaseｓｕggｅsｔwhatｉstｈebｅsｔwayａndeaｓieｓtwayｔotreaｔｔhisｓmllａmoｕｎtofｗasｔewaterｉntｈeｌａb．THEＰＲOCESSTｈeＦacｕｌtyofSｃｉencｅthroughtheirreｓearchactiｖｉtｉeｓandｔheirＡｗarｄProgramsｐｒoducｅasignｉficａｎtquantityofcｈemiｃalwasｔeｗateｒ。Pｒiorｔoｔheadoptｉonoftｈeiｒcleａnｅrpｒｏdｕctｉｏniｎitｉatiｖe，ｔｈechemicalwastewａteｒwａsｃollｅcteｄ,treaｔeｄａnｄｄisposedofｂｙａwastecontraｃｔseｒvｉce.Gｉｖenｔhesｉgｎificａntqｕaｎｔitiesofwastewaterproduced,ｔhiｓopｔｉｏｎforcolｌｅctiｏｎaｎddispｏsalprｏvedtobeeｘtremelycoｓｔly．Directｄischａrｇetｏsewerprovideｓtheｍosｔｅconoｍiｃａllyviabｌeｏpｔionｆorthelabｏratoｒywastewaｔeroｆanaccepｔａbleｏfstandard.DespiｔetheＦacｕltyｏｆＳcienｃｅ抯ｗastｅwateｒuｎdergoｉngmｉnｉmalpre－ｔreatmenｔｗitｈinthelaｂoｒatoriespｒioｒtodｉｓpoｓａliｔdidｎoｔaｔtaｉnｔheａｃcｅｐtaｂlepHｓtａｎdardfｏrdiｒectdischargｅｔotｈeＰoｗerａｎdWaterAｕthｏrｉｔy（PＡWＡ)ｓewer。Forwaｓtｅwａtereffluenttｏbedischaｒgeｄdirectlｙtoｔheｓewｅr,thepHｓhouldgenｅｒalｌynｏｔbｅｌoｗｅrthａn6．5andnoｔhighertｈan１1.ＴheacidaｎdalkaliwasｔeｓtreaｍsthａｔdonｏｔｏccuｒwｉthinthiｓｒangehaveｔhｅpoｔenｔialｔoseriｏｕsｌyafｆeｃtthepHvａlueｏftherecｅivinｇwateriｆtheyａｒｅdischaｒgｅdｄirｅctlｙｗithｏｕｔａcceｐｔableprｅ－treａtｍent.Ｔhｅａｃidwastｅwatｅrrｅactsｗiththealkａlｉnityｏｆｔhｅrｅｃeｉｖingwateｒｂy：Ca(HCO3)2+2HCl＝CａCｌ2＋２H２O＋2CO2Alｋａｌisreａcｔwiｔhｆreｅｃarbonｄioxｉdedissolvedinｔhereceｉｖingwaｔerandincreaｓeiｔsalkａｌinityby：２NaＯH+ＣO２=Nａ2CO3+H2OIfｔheFaｃuｌtyｏfＳciｅnｃeｈaｄdｉscｈarｇeｄtheiｒｗastewaterdiｒeｃtlytoｓewｅｒanｄｈadnoｔadｊusｔedｔｈｅｒeactionofthepH,theｎthefoｌlowｉngprobleｍswouldhavｅoccurred：1。Bｉｏcoensｉｓasboｔｈanｉmalandplaｎtorgaｎｉｓmsperishｉｎeｘｃｅssiveｌyacｉdａndeｘceｓsｉvｅlyalkalｉnｅmedia。2．ＤamagetoＰAWAseｗｅｒｌinesandplantsｔructuresfrｏmuｎtreaｔｅｄefflueｎｔthaｔwouldｃorrodｅboｔhｃｏncreteaｎｄmｅtals．３．Alkaliｓhaｖｅthepｏtｅnｔialtoｃａuseserｉｏuｓdｉffiｃulｔiｅsｉnｔｈeopeｒationofｔheｒeｃeiviｎｇtｒeaｔｍenｔpｌaｎt。Sealantｓusｅdinｃonduｉｔｓmaybeaｔtaｃkedbyaｌkalis，ｃausｉｎｇleakagｅaｎddamageinthenetｗorkaｓｗｅlｌascａusｉｎgprecipitatｉonｏfvaｒiｏusdepｏsitｓandhencechokingｏfthepiｐeｓ.４。Iｎcrｅａsｅddemaｎdｆｏrｅxcessiｖeｃhemicａlsnｅcesｓａｒyforｃoａgulatioｎｗｈenemployeｄasａtreatｍenｔmethod;5.Ｉnsuffiｃientprｏvｉsionfｏroptiｍｕmbaｃterialactｉviｔyinthebiologicａltreatmeｎtofwaｓtes;6．ProducｔionｏfnｏxiｏusodｏｕｒｓwhicｈmayemitｔedａｔloworhighｐHvalｕeｓ；7。ＤａmagetｏtｈerｅｃeｉvingDａrwiｎｗａteｒｓａｎdeｎｖironｓｄueｔothedetrｉmentalｅffｅｃtsoｆtｈeLaborａtoｒｙｗastewａter.Cｏｎsciousｏｆthｅpossiｂｌｅdetｒｉmentaｌiｍpactsoｆｔhｅuntｒeaｔedwasｔewａteranｄtheiｎcreasingcｏｓｔoｆｅmployiｎｇawａstecｏntractｓervice,theＦacuｌｔyofＳcｉeｎceiｄeｎtifiedｔｈenｅｅdｔｏiｎstａlltheirowｎtrｅatmｅnｔｓystemwhｉchcｏulｄbeutilｉsｅd