Unit7+知识点讲解教案（含真题练习） 牛津译林版英语八年级下册

一、词汇1.especially/ɪˈspeʃəli/【原文】Ithelpsbuildabetterworldforeveryone,especiallychildrenallovertheworld.(P93)【含义】adv.________________特别强调进一步说明【例句】Ineverlikeoutdooractivities,especiallyinwinter.特别强调进一步说明对前面所述的事件进行_______________，并__________其中的某一项。【拓展】与specially的辨析只是为了…特地，专门Iboughtthecakespeciallyforyoutothanksforyourhelp.只是为了…特地，专门adv.________________强调目的的唯一性，“__________________”【练一练】Thismathsproblemis______________(特别)cation/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/【原文】Itprovidesbasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas.(P93)【含义】n.__________【例句】Moreandmorestudentsgoabroadforfurthereducationnow.furthereducation__________【拓展】Ecationaladj.__________educatev.__________【练一练】1.Achildreceiveshisearly________________(educate)fromhisparents.2.WherecanIgetthiskindof_____________(education)CD?3.afford/əˈfɔːd/【原文】Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotohospital,sowehavetogotothem.(P94)affordtodosth.【含义】v.__________affordtodosth.【用法】__________________负担得起做某事【例句】affordsth.Myparentscan’tevenaffordanewfridge.affordsth._____________买的起某物【练一练】--Nancy,youaregoingtobuyaflathere,aren'tyou?--Yes,butIcan't_______anexpensiveone.A.spend B.pay. C.cost D.afford4.setup【原文】OxfamwassetupintheUKin1942.(P100)【含义】__________【例句】Wesetitupfordisabledchildren.setupsth.=set_____up 当sth.是__________词时，只能放中间【拓展】含up的词组pickup捡起，接 putup张贴，搭建 giveup放弃makeup编造 lookup查阅，查找 takeup占据【练一练】Wehave__someorganizationstohelpthepoorstudentsinthewesternareasofChina.A.takenup B.putup C.pickedup D.ud/praʊd/【原文】I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.(P95)beproudtodosth.【含义】adj._____________________beproudtodosth.【用法】____________________以做某事为豪【派生】adv._________【例句】beproudofsth./sb.①Youwillbeproudofme,Dad.beproudofsth./sb.____________________以…为豪beproudthat+从句②Allofusareproudthatourteamwinthefirstprize!beproudthat+从句____________________因…而自豪【拓展】betheprideof①Heisalwaystheprideofhisparents.betheprideof________n.自豪，骄傲 ________________是…的骄傲pride pride proudtake_____________in=be____________of以…为豪【练一练】Weareproud_________ourhistoryandcultureandweareproud_____beChinese.A.of;of B.to;to C.of;to D.to;of6.hold/həʊld/【原文】AcharityshowwasheldbytheStudents’Union.(P100)【含义】v.________【屈折变化】hold—__________—__________【辨析】①Ourschoolsportsmeetingisheldtwiceayear.②Meetingstakeplaceonceaweek.hold为___________动词，有被动语形式takeplace为___________动词词组，无被动形式【拓展1】holdvt.__________________；________①Don’tbeafraid.Iwillholdyourhand.holdvt._____________②Howmanypeoplecanyourschoolhallholdatpresent?holdvt._____________【拓展2】holdon(电话用语)别挂断，等一下【练一练】Thecharityshow___(举办)inourcitytoraisemoneyforthepoorchildrenlastyear.7.develop/dɪˈveləp/【原文】Modernmedicineisdevelopingquicklyandnowmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured.(P95)【含义】v.__________【例句】①Thegovernmentistryingbesttodevelopeducationtheseyears.developsth.________②Weshoulddevelopahabitofdoingexerciseregularly.developahabitof________③Asadevelopingcountry,thedevelopmentofChinareallyamazestheworld,especiallythedevelopedcountries._______________adj.发展中的_______________adj.发达的_______________n.发展【练一练】1.Asthestory______,thesecretofthecastleisdiscovered(发现)littlebylittle.A.develops B.happens C.begins D.ends2.Chinaisa______countrywhiletheUSAisa______country.A.developing;developing B.developed;developedC.developing;developed D.developed;developing8.prevent/prɪˈvent/【原文】Italsoworkstopreventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases,likeAIDS,amongyoungpeople.(P93)【含义】v.__________【例句】Nothingcanpreventhimfromworkinghard.=Nothingcanstophimfromworkinghard.=Nothingcankeephimfromworkinghard.preventsb.(from)doingsth.=stopsb.(from)doingsth.=keepsb.fromdoingsth.keep结构中的from不可省略用于被动结构时，三种结构中的from都不可省略【练一练】Parentsshouldpreventtheirchildren_____crazyaboutcomputergames.A.tobe B.frombeing C.been D.forbeing9.spread/spred/【原文】Italsoworkstopreventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases,likeAIDS,amongyoungpeople.(P93)【含义】n.[U]_______________【例句】WemusttakeactiontostopthespreadofCOVID-19.thespreadofsth.thespreadofsth.【拓展】Thecloudsspreadandnearlycoveredthesky.spreadv.扩散【屈折变化】spread--_________--_________【练一练】我们应该传播知识来阻止人们倾倒垃圾到河流中。Knowledge__________________________________________________________10.carryon【原文】Butmoremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork.(P95)carryonwithsth.【含义】_______carryonwithsth.【用法】_________________继续某事【例句】carryondoingsth.carryondoingsth.goon___________________继续做某事goon【同义词组】carryon=_________________【练一练】Thekingtooknonoticeofthenoiseinthecrowdand__________withtheparade.A.carryon B.carryout C.carriedon D.carriedout11.percent【原文】About80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedorcured.(P94)【含义】_____________=_______【例句】Morethan70percentoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.percent无_______形式引导的短语做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后_______的单复数【练一练】Seventy-fivepercent______theteachers______womenteachersinourschool.A.of;are B.of;is C.from;are D.in;is二、词组辨析第一组includeincluding includedThirtypassengerswerehurt,includingfivechildren.Thirtypassengerswerehurt,fivechildrenincluded.Hiswritingsincludepoetryandnovels.include动词，“包括，包含”，

做谓语，侧重被包含的是整体的一部分。including介词，“包括…在内”，位于包含内容之前，其前用逗号隔开，不能做谓语included过去分词形式的形容词，“包括…在内”，位于所修饰词之后第二组mostmostlyalmostMostofthetreesinthisareawerecutdownlastyear. most作代词Pennyhasmadethemostmistakesintheexam. most作形容词Mostpeoplearewillingtogiveseatstotheold. most作形容词Ienjoypopularsongsmost. most作副词Shealwaysgoeshiking,mostlyonSundays. mostly作副词Almostnobodybelieveshiswords. almost作副词most作名词时意思是“大部分，大多数”，作形容词时意思是“大部分的，多数的；最多的”，作副词时意思是“最；非常，极其；最多；几乎”。mostly只作副词，表示主要地，大部分地，修饰动词或介词词组为主。almost作副词，几乎，接近全部【练一练】_______ofthepeopleintheNorthliveonwheat.Theylive_______onwheat.A.Mostly;mostB.Most;mostlyC.Mostly;almost D.Most;almost三、重点句型1.Weonlyhave5kilometersleft.(P92)【句型】______________【例句】--Thereislittlesugarleft.Wouldyouliketobuysomeforme?--I’dliketo,butIhavenomoneyleft.havesomethingleft/therebe….left有…剩下【练一练】他花光了所有零花钱，现在一分钱也不剩了。Hespendsallofhispocketmoneyandhe_______________________now.2.IcouldnotsleepatallthatnightbecauseIwassoexcited.(P103)【句型】not…atall【含义】一点儿也不，根本不【拓展】--Thankssomuchforyourhelp.--Notatall.Notatall意为不客气，不用谢。相当于Youarewelcome.【练一练】我的朋友根本不会讲话，因为他是一只小狗。Myfriend___________________________becauseheisapuppy.四、语法知识点被动语态的定义&基本结构定义：主动语态：主语是动作的执行者，宾语是动作的承受者，主谓为主动关系。被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者常由by引出，主谓为被动关系。被动语态的结构：主语+be+动词过去分词动作的执行者 动作的执行者 动作的承受者TheyplantTheyplant alotoftreesinthepark.主语主语 谓语 宾语 其他被动语态AlotoftreesAlotoftreesareplantedbytheminthepark.动作的执行者be+动词过去分词动作的承受者动作的执行者be+动词过去分词动作的承受者被动语态的用法：不知道动作的发出者是谁/没必要指出动作的发出者/更强调动作的承受者Thecomputersinthelibrarywerestolenlastnight.Thebridgewasbuiltin1983.“谁做动作不知道，说出谁做没必要，动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到”Luciawaschosentobethenewchairpersonbythem.“谁做动作不知道，说出谁做没必要，动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到”被动语态的结构肯定句:TheboywaslookedafterbyMrJames10yearsago.主语+be+动词过去分词+by+执行者+其他否定句:Theboywasn’tlookedafterbyMrJames10yearsago.主语+be+not+动词过去分词+by+执行者+其他一般疑问句:WastheboylookedafterbyMrJames10yearsago?be动词+主语+动词过去分词+by+执行者+其他？特殊疑问句WhenwastheboylookedafterbyMrJames?特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+动词过去分词+by+执行者?总结:被动语态的构成：肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+by+执行者+其他否定句：主语+be+not+过去分词+by+执行者+其他一般疑问句：be+主语+动词过去分词+by+执行者+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+过去分词+by+执行者+其他【练一练】连词成句Thesweetsongissungbyher.1.issung;thesweetsong;by;her.Thesweetsongissungbyher.__________________________________________________________________Manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdriverslastyear.2.werecaused;manyaccidents;lastyear;by;carelessdrivers.Manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdriverslastyear._________________________________________________________________Aneworganizationwassetuptohelpthepoorbymybrother.3.mybrother;aneworganization;tohelpthepoor;by;wassetup.Aneworganizationwassetuptohelpthepoorbymybrother.__________________________________________________________________被动语态与时态I被动语态与一般现在时:Footballisplayedbymanypeopleintheworld.ThemodelplanesarenotmadebyMr.Wu.主语+am/is/are(not)done+by+动作执行者+其他被动语态与一般过去时ManyblindpeoplewerehelpedbyORBISdoctors.Thesportsmeetingwasn’theldbyourschoolbecauseoftherain.主语+was/were(not)done+by+动作执行者+其他【练一练】1.I_______littletimetogetreadyforthetest,soIwasn’tconfidentatthattime.A.gave B.didn’tgive C.wasgiven D.wasn’tgiven2.Chineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It_____inmanyschoolsinforeigncountries.A.teaches B.isteaching C.istaught D.hastaught3.English_______inmanycountries,buttheChinese_______theirownlanguage.A.speaks;spoken B.isspoken;isspokenC.isspoken;speak D.isspoken;speaks4.Itisimpolitetosaynothingwhenyou______(ask)toanswertheteacher'squestion.5.Ididn’tgofishingwithhimuntilmyhomework__________(do).主动语态与被动语态的转换(1)主动语态变被动语态(一般情况)主语(主动语态)谓语宾语其他Hemendedthe

bikeyesterday.主语(被动语态)谓语by+原主语其他Thebikewasmendedbyhimyesterday口诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。(2)含宾语补足语的主动语态变被动语态主语(主动语态)谓语宾语宾补Wekeptthe

roomclean.主语(被动语态)谓语主补by+

原主语Theroomwaskeptcleanbyus(3)含双宾语的主动语态变被动语态主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Jackboughtus

some

flowers直宾变主语谓语(原)间宾by+原主语Some

flowerswereboughtforusbyJack.间宾变主语谓语

by+原主语We

wereboughtsomeflowersbyJack.总结：①主动语态含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，二者都可以在被动语态中做主语。②直接宾语做主语时需根据固定搭配补充介词for或to并注意其位置。(4)谓语部分含动词词组的主动语态变被动语态主语谓语宾语其他Tracytakes

care

ofthe

babywith

patience.The

babyistakencareofby

Tracywith

patience.由动介或动副短语构成的动词词组，在变为被动时应视作一个整体，不可拆分。动词词组例：laughat;operateon;handin;makeuseof;giveup;putoff;workout等。【练一练】1.InChina,theold_______.A.aretakengoodcareof B.aretakengoodcare C.istakengoodcareof D.istakengoodcare2.Who________thisbook________?A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.do;written D.was;writtenin3.Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.(改为被动句2种)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Thepolicefoundhimhidinginthebush.(改为被动句)________________________________________________________被动语态的特殊说明I(1)省to不定式：主动语态不带to，被动语态还原toIheardsomeonecomeupthestairs.→Someonew