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[模拟]考研英语翻译模拟163
多项填空
Goldhascaptivatedmansincethedawnofcivilization.Forcenturies
hebravedarcticcold,tropicheatandinhumanprivationstoseizegold
fromtheearth.Theyuseditforreligiousobjects,sculpture,jewelry
andasasymbolofwealth.(21)[Paradoxically,heoftenburiedit--for
useintheafterlife,asthekingsoremperorsdid,orforsafekeeping
againsttheuncertaintiesofthislife.]
Gold,slusterandrarity,whichimplieditsownerpossessed
greatpower,gaveitamusicalqualityfromthestart.Goldwasconsidered
divineinancientGreeceandwasusedtodecoratetemplesandasan
offeringtothegods.(22)[Despitetheirreverence,theancientswere
quicktorecognizegold,spracticalqualities,particularlyits
malleability,whichmadeitidealforjewelry.]EvenCleopatrausedgold
ornamentstoenhancehercharm.
(23)[However,ithasbeenasasymbolofwealth一ofnationsas
wellasindividuals一thatgoldhasplayeditsmostdramaticrole.]The
questforgoldchangedthecourseofhistory"—shiftingnations'borders
andopeningwilderness.
Thecry"Gold!”probablylaunchedmoreshipsthanahundred
HelensofTroy.HistorybookstellusColumbus'expeditionwasinspired
byhisscientificcuriosity.ButitwasalsobackedbyQueenIsabella,
whomayhavebeenmotivatedtodonateherjewelsbymorethanjustsympathy
forhiscauseordesireforatraderoutetotheEast.(24)[Whateverthe
originalmotivemighthavebeen,certainlyherroyalspousewasmovedby
morethanscientifictriumphin1500whenhewrotetohismeninSouth
America:^Getgold,“hecommanded,^humanelyifpossible,butatallhazards
getgold."]
Theinherentvalueofgold,perhapsenhancedbyitsmystique,
madeitamediumofexchangeinmanypartsoftheworld.Paymentswere
madeingoldhundredsofyearsbefore550B.C.,whenthefirstknown
goldcoinswerecast.KingCroesusofLydia(westernTurkey),whose
legendarywealthinspiredthephrase“richasCroesus”,isgenerally
creditedwiththatminting.(25)[However,goldplayedarelativelyminor
monetaryroleuntilthegreat19thgoldrushesinCalifornia,Alaska,
CanadaandSouthAfricaproducedsufficientquantitiestomakewide-scale
monetaryusepractical.]
Theartistic,industrialandornamentalusesofgoldhave
changedlittlesinceancienttimes,butitsmonetaryusehasbeen
transformed.Goldcoins,doubleeaglesandsovereigncan'tmeet
industrialsocieties,needforconvenientandefficientmoney.Modern
i
nationsusepapercurrency,base-metalcoins,andcheckbookbalancesto
meettheneedsoftheirfast-pacedeconomies.
Vocabulary
brave[v.]勇敢地从事和面对privation
[v.]穷困,缺乏
malleability[n.]延展性,柔韧性spouse[n.]配
偶
mystique[n.]神秘性minting
[n.]铸币
reverence[n.]尊敬,敬畏captivate
[v.]迷住,迷惑
luster[n.]光彩,光泽ornamental
[adj.]装饰性的
第1题:
Paradoxically,heoftenburiedit一foruseintheafterlife,asthekings
oremperorsdid,orforsafekeepingagainsttheuncertaintiesofthis
life?
参考答案:
然而自相矛盾的是,人们常常将黄金埋藏起来一一或者像帝王们那样,为了
用于来世,或者是为了妥善保管起来,以备今生不虞之需。
详细解答:
注意“thislife"和"afterlife”分别指今生和来世。另外,against表
示“防备,预防",如:takeprecautionsagainstfire(采取防火措施)。
第2题:
Despitetheirreverence,theancientswerequicktorecognizegold's
practicalqualities,particularlyitsmalleability,whichmadeitideal
forjewelry?
参考答案:
尽管古人对黄金满怀敬畏之情,但他们很快就认识到了黄金的实用价值,特
别是其延展性使黄金非常适合做珠宝。
详细解答:
reverence是指古人对黄金的敬畏,which引导的定语从句修饰
malleabilityo
第3题:
2
However,ithasbeenasasymbolofwealth-ofnationsaswellas
individuals一thatgoldhasplayeditsmostdramaticrole?
参考答案:
然而,黄金是作为财富的象征一国家和个人财富的象征一才发挥出了它最引
人注目的作用。
详细解答:
注意本句采用了强调句式。尽管一般教科书中只有“itis/was...that…”
的形式,但本句毫无疑问是一个强调句,只不过被强调部分与that从句之间被
插入成分隔开了。
第4题:
Whatevertheoriginalmotivemighthavebeen,certainlyherroyalspouse
wasmovedbymorethanscientifictriumphin1500whenhewrotetohis
meninSouthAmerica:"Getgold,"hecommanded,“humanelyifpossible,
butatallhazardsgetgold."?
参考答案:
不管女王最初的动机是什么,她的皇家夫婿的动机可绝不是仅仅为了取得科
学上的辉煌。因为在1500年,他写信给他在南美的手下命令他们“拿到金子,
如果可能的话就采用慈悲的方法,但务必要不计一切危险拿到金子。”
详细解答:
"mighthavedone”是对过去发生事情的猜测,表示不确定,如:Hemight
havealreadyleftyesterday.(他有可能昨天就离开了)。"morethan”意
为"超出...”,往往表示否定含义,如:Someofthestorieswerereallymore
thancouldbebelieved.(有些故事实在不能相信)。when引导的从句我们既
可以把它看作是时间状语从句,与“in1500”共同修饰句子的谓语部分,也可
以把它看作是一个定语从句,修饰1500o
第5题:
However,goldplayedarelativelyminormonetaryroleuntilthegreat19th
goldrushesinCalifornia,Alaska,CanadaandSouthAfricaproduced
sufficientquantitiestomakewide-scalemonetaryusepractical?
参考答案:
然而,在19世纪加利福尼亚、阿拉斯加、加拿大和南非的淘金热生产出的
黄金数量足以使黄金大范围作为货币使用成为可能之前,黄金发挥着相对较小的
货币功能。
详细解答:
until的用法可能在初中英语课本上就已经讲过,但这个词实际上并不太容
3
易用对或理解准确,如:IhavenothingtosayuntilIseemylawyer.(在
我见到我的律师以前我无话可说);It'smorethantwohoursuntilyourtrain
leaves.(现在离你乘坐的火车开车还有两个多小时)。
61)[Thepolicemenandwomenoftodayneedagreatmanyofnew
professionalskillstodealwithmoderncrimeandwiththeotherproblems
whichafflictlifeinBritainnolessthanothercountries.]Movingmostly
incarsratherthanonfoot,thepolicearelessobviouslyincontactwith
thepublicthaninthepast.Whengoingabouttheirnormalworkthepolice
donotcarryguns:theythemselvesprefertobeunarmed.
Thepolicecomeintonewsfromtimetotimewhentheyhaveto
dealwithlarge-scaleriotsandotherbreachesofpublicorder.During
thecoal-miners'strikeof1984,hugecrowdsgatheredoutsidesomemines
intendingtopreventpeoplefromgoingtowork.Hundredsofpolicemenwere
neededtocontrolthesecrowdsandtoprotectthosewhowereregardedas
strikebreakers.Incasessuchasthese,alocalpoliceforcemay'borrow'
fromotherpoliceforces.62)[Butonlyafewstrikeshaveproducedmass
violence,whichoccursmuchmoreoftenatfootballmatches,orevenamong
crowdsofyouthswhohavedrunktoomuchonsomeSaturdaynightorpublic
holiday.]
Mostpeoplehaveapositiveattitudetothepolice,andopinion
pollshaveindicatedthatthereismuchpublicsympathywithmenandwomen
whohavetodealwithmobviolence.63)[Thereisaformalsystemthrough
whichcomplaintsofpolicebehaviourmaybeinvestigated,butinthelate
1980s,itwasfoundthattheseprocedureshadnotpreventedsomeserious
failuresinthesystemofadministeringjustice.]64)[SomeIrishpeople
hadbeenconvictedofaterroristoffenceonthebasisofconfessionswhich
hadbeenimproperlyextractedfromthem,andthetruthwasdiscoveredonly
aftertheyhadspentseveralyearsinprison.]
Therewereothercasestooinwhichthereweregroundsfor
suspectingthatthepolicehadpersuadedpeopletoconfesstocrimeswhich
theyhadnotcommitted.Someotherinquiriesrevealedmorecasesof
misconductbythepolice.
65)[Meanwhile,inthe1980s,thecentralgovernmentincreased
itsexpendituresontheLondonpoliceaswellasitsgrantstowardsthe
costoflocalpoliceforces.]Thesizeofpoliceforceswasincreased,
andthepayofthepolicewasincreasedmoregenerouslythanthatofmany
otherworkersinthepublicsector.Butallthisexpendituretopromote
“lawandordervhasnotstoppedthegrowthofcrime.
a
第6题:
Thepolicemenandwomenoftodayneedagreatmanyofnewprofessional
4
skillstodealwithmoderncrimeandwiththeotherproblemswhichafflict
lifeinBritainnolessthanothercountries?
参考答案:
今天的警察需要很多新的职业技术来对付现代犯罪以及那些困扰英国和其
他国家社会生活的一系列问题。
详细解答:
第7题:
Butonlyafewstrikeshaveproducedmassviolence,whichoccursmuchmore
oftenatfootballmatches,orevenamongcrowdsofyouthswhohavedrunk
toomuchonsomeSaturdaynightorpublicholiday?
参考答案:
但是只有少数几次罢工导致了大规模的暴力,实际上,观看足球比赛、甚至
周六晚上或节假日年轻人酒后聚集时发生的暴力事件更多。
详细解答:
第8题:
63.Thereisaformalsystemthroughwhichcomplaintsofpolicebehaviour
maybeinvestigated,butinthelate1980s,itwasfoundthatthese
procedureshadnotpreventedsomeseriousfailuresinthesystemof
administeringjustice?
参考答案:
对警察行为的投诉事件有一个专门的调查系统,但是80年代后期发现,这
些调查制度还不能防止执行审判时的严重失误。
详细解答:
第9题:
SomeIrishpeoplehadbeenconvictedofaterroristoffenceonthebasis
ofconfessionswhichhadbeenimproperlyextractedfromthem,andthe
truthwasdiscoveredonlyaftertheyhadspentseveralyearsinprison?
参考答案:
由于对获得不正当手段招供,一些爱尔兰人被判决犯有恐怖罪,但等真相大
白于天下时,已经是他们无辜地度过了几年监狱生活之后了。
5
详细解答:
第10题:
Meanwhile,inthe1980s,thecentralgovernmentincreasedits
expendituresontheLondonpoliceaswellasitsgrantstowardsthecost
oflocalpoliceforces?
参考答案:
同时,80年代,中央政府扩大了伦敦警察的财政支出,也增加了地方警察力
量的财政经费。
详细解答:
Reversediscrimination,minorityrecruitment,racialquotas,andmore
generally,affirmativeactionareperhapsphrasesthatcarrypowerful
emotionalcharge.Butwhyshouldaffirmativeaction,ofallgovernment
policies,besocontroversial?Inasense,affirmativeactionis,like
othergovernmentalprograms,aredesignedtoachievelegitimate
governmentobjectivessuchasimprovedeconomicefficiency,reduced
socialtension,andgeneralbettermentofthepublicwelfare.(46)[While
itcannotbedeniedthatthereisnoguaranteethataffirmativeaction
willachievetheseresults,neithercanitbedeniedthatthereare
plausible,evenpowerful,sociologicalandeconomicargumentspointing
toitslikelysuccess.]
Governmentprograms,however,entailacost,thatis,the
expenditureofsocialoreconomicresource.(47)[Settingasidecasesin
whichthespecificuserischargedafeeforservice(tollroadsand
tuitionatstateinstitutions),theburdensandbenefitsofpublicly
fundedormandatedprogramsarewidelyshared.]Whenanindividual
benefitspersonallyfromagovernmentprogram,itisonlybecausesheor
heisonememberofalargerbeneficiaryclass,e.g.,afarmer;andmost
governmentrevenueisobtainedthroughaschemeofgeneraltaxationto
whichallaresubject.
(48)[Affirmativeactionprogramsareexceptionstothisgeneral
rule,thoughnot,asmightatfirstseem,becausethebeneficiariesof
theprogramsarespecificindividuals.]Itisstillthecasethatthose
whoultimatelybenefitfromaffirmativeactiondosoonlybyvirtueof
theirstatusasmembersofalargergroup,aparticularminority.Rather,
thedifferenceisthelocationoftheburden.(49)[Inaffirmativeaction,
theburdenof“funding”theprogramisnotshareduniversally,andthat
isinherentinthenatureofthecase,ascanbeseenclearlyinthecase
ofaffirmativeactioninemployment.]Oftenjobpromotionsareallocated
6
alongasingledimension,seniority;andwhenanemployerpromotesaless
seniorworkerfromaminoritygroup,thepersondisadvantagedbythemove
iseasilyidentified,theworkerwithgreatestseniorityonacombined
minority-nonminoritylistpassedoverforpromotion.
Nowweareconfrontedwithtwocompetingmoralsentiments.On
theonehand,thereistheideathatthosewhohavebeenunfairly
disadvantagedbypastdiscriminatorypracticesareentitledtosomekind
ofassistance.Ontheother,thereisthefeelingthatnopersonought
tobedeprivedofwhatisrightfullyhisorhers,evenfortheworthwhile
serviceoffellowhumans.(50)[Inthisrespect,disabilityduetopast
racialdiscrimination,atleastinsofarasthereisnoconnectiontothe
passed-overworker,islikeanaturalevil.]
Vocabulary
affirmativeaction肯定性行动(平等权)legitimate
[adj.]合法的,合理的
entail[v.]伴随,使承担mandate[v.]
批准,颁布命令
insofaras在限度内,到程度
第11题:
Whileitcannotbedeniedthatthereisnoguaranteethataffirmative
actionwillachievetheseresults,neithercanitbedeniedthatthere
areplausible,evenpowerful,sociologicalandeconomicarguments
pointingtoitslikelysuccess?
参考答案:
不可否认,没有人能够担保肯定性行动会取得这些结果,但同样也不可否认,
有很多合情合理的甚至是非常有力的社会学和经济学上的论据都表明,肯定性行
动很有可能取得成功。
详细解答:
本句的主要结构是由while连接的表示转折关系的并列句,在两个并列分句
中都是it作形式主语,真正的主语为that从句。第一个并列分句中的主语从句
又包含一个由that引导的同位语从句修饰guarantee。注意"pointingtoits
likelysuccess”中,it指代affirmativeaction”,整个分词短语作定语修
饰arguments,但在翻译时将"likelysuccess”处理成一个句子会使原文意思
表达得更清楚些。可以说,翻译并没有完全的一定之规。【文章导读】“肯
定性行动"(affirmativeaction)这个名词,最早源自肯尼迪总统1961年签署
的总统第10925号行政命令。这个行政命令要求政府合同承包商采取肯定性行
动,为少数族裔提供更多的工作机会,不得有种族、信仰、肤色、祖籍等方面的
7
歧视。约翰逊总统执政期间,联邦政府和国会陆续颁布了一系列包含范围更为广
泛的“肯定性行动”法案,又称为“平等权益”法案。
第12题:
Settingasidecasesinwhichthespecificuserischargedafeeforservice
(tollroadsandtuitionatstateinstitutions),theburdensandbenefits
ofpubliclyfundedormandatedprogramsarewidelyshared?
参考答案:
抛开具体用户付费享受服务(收费公路和国家教育机构的学费)的情况不谈,
国家资助计划或国家强制性计划的负担和收益,其分担和分享范围是非常广泛
的。
详细解答:
“inwhich”引导的定语从句修饰cases,注意本句中分词短语usetting
aside...的逻辑主语与句子的主语"theburdensandbenefits”不一致,这
对于这句话的翻译并没有什么影响,但有时候我们就需要根据原文含义,将分词
的逻辑主语表达出来,通常是表示泛指的“我们”(读者或作者);并且,作为
英语初学者,应尽量避免写出这种句子,即在同一句子中应保持分词或不定式短
语的逻辑主语与句子主语的一致性。
第13题:
Affirmativeactionprogramsareexceptionstothisgeneralrule,though
not,asmightatfirstseem,becausethebeneficiariesoftheprograms
arespecificindividuals?
参考答案:
肯定性行动计划对于这一条普遍规则来说是一个例外,尽管这并非象最初看
上去的那样是因为计划的受益者都是具体的个人。
详细解答:
“asmightatfirstseem”可以看作是插入语,表示“象最初看上去的那
样"。"thoughnot”与because引导的原因状语从句应该放在一起,相当于"though
itisnotbecause…”。
第14题:
Inaffirmativeaction,theburdenof“funding“theprogramisnotshared
universally,andthatisinherentinthenatureofthecase,ascanbe
seenclearlyinthecaseofaffirmativeactioninemployment?
参考答案:
在肯定性行动中,“资助”这一计划的负担并没有得到普遍分担,这是肯定
性行动的本质所固有的特征,雇佣制度中的肯定性行动就可以很清楚地表明这一
点。
8
详细解答:
that指代前面提到的负担并没有得到普遍分担这种现象。as作为连接代词,
指代前面提到的所有内容。如:HewasanEnglishman,astheyperceivedby
hisaccent.(他是英国人,这是他们从他的口音中听出来的)。
第15题:
Inthisrespect,disabilityduetopastracialdiscrimination,atleast
insofarasthereisnoconnectiontothepassed-overworker,islikea
naturalevil?
参考答案:
在这二点上,由于过去的种族歧视而导致的资格丧失,至少就与上文提到的
被忽略的工人没有任何关系这一点上来说,就像是一种自然之恶。
详细解答:
“insofaras"相当于"sofaras”,引导表示程度的状语从句。"natural
evil"与"naturalgood"对立,是指“本来就存在的恶或善”,有点类似我们
常说的“性恶”或“性善”。
AnewmoodisbrewinginAsia.Ifrapiddevelopmentwasoncethemantra,
heritageandidentityarethebuzzwordstoday.Duringthego-goyears,
governmentsrushedtobuildmodernskyscrapers;developersamassedhuge
fortunes.(46)[Intheseaofmoney,intellectualscryingouttosave
cornersofAsia'spastseemedlikecurmudgeonlyevendangerousopponents
ofprogress.]Withgreaterprosperity,Asianprofessionalsstartedto
feelnostalgiaforthepast.Afterthefinancialcollapseofthelate1990s,
manyAsianplannersstartedtoseriouslyrethinktheirgoals.
(47)[LecturingfromtheWeststirredareactionofAsianpride,asense
thatAsiansshouldfindtheirownwayinsteadofcopyingtheforeigners.]
Atthesametimethemiddleclassstartedvoicingnewvalues:qualityof
life,urbanconservation,theenvironmentandrespectforhistory.
(48)[aThereisagreatgrass-rootsmovementgoingonacrossAsiaanda
growingdesireforasenseofplace,“saysGrahamBrooks,Sydney-based
chairmanofAus-Heritage,whichadvisesonculturalprojectsaroundthe
region.]
(49)[InHongKonggrass-rootsgroupsarefighting(withonly
somesuccess)tosavethefewremainingancientChinesevillagesinthe
NewTerritoriesfromthewreckingballsofunsentimentaldevelopers.]In
Penang,volunteersatthePenangHeritageTrusthavesavedsomeold
templesandotherbuildingsandsparkedpublicinterestinconservation.
InBandung,theartdecoIndonesiancitythatwasbuiltbyDutch
colonistsintheearly20thcentury,architectshavebeenfightingfor
yearstosavesomeofthecountry'smostelegantbuildings.Todaywith
anewdemocraticgovernmentinJakarta,buildersaremoreresponsiveto
9
citizens,concerns.Anewordinancerequiresbuilderstogetpermits
beforetearingdownstructures.Whenthecity,sHeritageFoundation,a
grass-rootsgroup,discoveredlastFebruarythatabankplannedtotear
downanimportantdecobuilding,architectDibyoHartonowrotetothe
newspaper.Inresponse,thebankstoppedtheprojectandconsultedthe
foundationabouthowtorestorethebuilding.
Buthowtopreservethepastwhilepromotingprogress?Twenty
yearsagoSingaporearchitectWilliamLimwascalledasubversivefor
criticizingtallbuildings.(50)[Butwhenthecity,shands-onleaders
realizedtourismwoulddropiftheytoredownalltheoldbuildings,they
launchedacampaigntorecreatethepast.]Plannersturnedthe
once-bustlingBoatQuayintoayuppiewateringholeandsetrulesforthe
controversialrestorationofChinatownshophouses.Architectsgivethe
cityhighpraiseforsavingthehistoricbuildings.
TheHongKongarchitecturestudentsknowtheycan,tbringback
what'slost.Instead,theyareincorporatingthespiritoftheirpastinto
plansforamorehigh-tech,service-orientedfuture.
Vocabulary
brew[v.]酝酿mantra[n.]咒语,口头禅
buzzword[n.]时髦用语curmudgeonly[adj.]小气的
nostalgia[n.]怀旧,思乡unsentimental[adj.]不动感情的
ordinance[n.]法令,条例subversive[n.]颠覆破坏分子,危
险分子
第16题:
Intheseaofmoney,intellectualscryingouttosavecornersofAsia,s
pastseemedlikecurmudgeonly“evendangerous”opponentsofprogress?
参考答案:
在金钱的海洋里,那些大声疾呼要求为亚洲的历史保留几个角落的知识分子
被看作是小肚鸡肠的“甚至是危险的"反对进步者。
详细解答:
“cryingouttosavecornersofAsia'spast”这个现在分词短语作定
语修饰主语intellectualso【文章导读】对于文化来说,越是民族的
就越是世界的。文化的多样性是人类社会活力的源泉和体现,而体现文化多样性
的我国民族民间文化日益受到外来文化的挑战。其次,由于工业化和城市化步伐
加快,生产、生活方式的改变,都市文化的冲击等,使民间文化的生存土壤正在
逐渐丧失。保护文化遗产就是保护我们的精神家园。只有社会的共识才能真正促
进文化保护,从而保持文化的多样性。
10
第17题:
LecturingfromtheWeststirredareactionofAsianpride,asensethat
Asiansshouldfindtheirownwayinsteadofcopyingtheforeigners?
参考答案:
西方的说教反而激起了亚洲人的自豪感,他们觉得亚洲人应该找到自己的道
路,而不是照搬外国人的做法。
详细解答:
本句的主语是动名词短语"lecturingfromtheWest","asensethat...n
是pride的同位语,是对“pride”的进一步说明。
第18题:
“Thereisagreatgrass-rootsmovementgoingonacrossAsiaandagrowing
desireforasenseofplace,“saysGrahamBrooks,Sydney-basedchairman
ofAus-Heritage,whichadvisesonculturalprojectsaroundtheregion?
参考答案:
悉尼的澳大利亚传统协会是一家针对亚太地区各地的文化项目提出建议的
机构。该协会主席格雷厄姆•布鲁克斯说:“亚洲各地正在出现声势浩大的群众
运动,人们对地方认同感的渴望与日俱增。”
详细解答:
which引导的定语从句修饰AusHeritage,象这类非限定性定语从句在译成
汉语时一般要处理成单独的句子。
第19题:
InHongKonggrass-rootsgroupsarefighting(withonlysomesuccess)to
savethefewremainingancientChinesevillagesintheNewTerritories
fromthewreckingballsofunsentimentaldevelopers?
参考答案:
在香港,基层群众组织正奋力保护新界地区所剩无几的古色古香的中国式村
庄(当然,他们只是取得了部分成功),以免它们被冷漠无情的开发商拆除。
详细解答:
本句的主要结构是“save...from...”。
第20题:
Butwhenthecity'shands-onleadersrealizedtourismwoulddropifthey
toredownalltheoldbuildings,theylaunchedacampaigntorecreatethe
past?
11
参考答案:
然而,这座城市的领导人实事求是,当他们意识到推倒所有的旧建筑将会使
旅游业受到影响时,他们便展开了一项恢复历史传统的运动。
详细解答:
when引导的时间状语从句中包含一个宾语从句,而这个宾语从句本身又是一
个含有if引导的让步状语从句的复合句。注意urecreatethepast”的译法。
Forcenturies,physicianshavetakenspecialpainstodashthehopes
ofpeoplewhohavesufferedspinalcordinjury.Over2000yearsago,an
anonymousEgyptianphysicianrecommendedthatwaterbewithheldfrom
spinal-injuredwarriors.61)[Untilrecently,clinicalpessimismwasso
rampantthatmedicalpersonneloftendidnottreatspinalcordinjuries
astruemedicalemergencies.]Manycliniciansfeltcompelledtotell
patientsandtheirfamiliesthattheyshouldnotexpectrecoveryfrom
spinalcordinjury,evernthoughclinicalandlaboratorydatasuggestthat
somerecoveryisnotonlypossiblebutlikely.Forexample,theNational
AcuteSpinalCordInjuryStudyshowedthatpatientswhoarriveat
hospitalswiththeslightestmotororsensoryfunctionbelowtheinjury
sitewilltypicallyrecover59%oflostmotorfunctionwithinayear.
62)[Evenseverelyinjuredpatientsadmittedwithnovoluntarymotoror
sensoryfunctionbelowtheinjurysitetypicallyrecover8%oftheir
pre-injuryabilities.]
Onpage2000ofthisissue,Lietal.reportanexcitingfinding
thataddstoagrowingbodyofevidenceindicationthatregenerationand
functionalrecoverycanoccurafterspinalcordinjury.Theauthorsreport
thatadultratepithelialcellstakenfromtheliningofthenoseand
transplantedintoinjuredratspinalcordssignificantlyimprovethe
abilityoftheanimalstoretrievefoodwiththeirforepaws,presumably
byencouragingregrowthofthesevereaxons.63)[Theseresultsjoinand
reinforceevidencefromothergroups,allreportingbehavioralrecovery
inadultratswithinjuredspinalcords.]Injuredratscanbetreatedwith
antibodiesthataccelerateregeneration.Orwoundedspinalcordscanbe
treatedwithgeneticallyengineeredcellsorfetaltissuetostimulate
regeneration.64)[Theseencouragingresultshavebeenwellpublicizedand
somehavecriticizedsuchstudiesforgivingprematurehopetothespinal
injurycommunity.]
Whatistheharmofhope?Undueoptimismmaymisleadsomepeople
todevelopunrealisticexpectationsandsufferdepressionwhenthese
expectationsarenotmet.Anticipationofimpendingcuresmayencourage
manytopostponetherapiesthatwouldbenefitthemtoday.Afewmayeven
findenthusiasticclinicianswhoarewillingtoapplyunproven
experimentaltherapiesonthem.Fortunately,effectivechecksand
balancesexistatmanylevelstostemfalsehope.65)[Concernthat
journalistsandthepublicmaymisinterpretscientificresultsoften
12
leadsresearcherstopresentclinicallyrelevantresultswithgreater
circumspection.]Scientificjournalreviewersusuallyrequireahigher
levelofproofforclinicallyrelevantclaims.
词语注释
spinalcordinjury[n.]脊骨损伤
withhold[v.]抑制,制止,阻
止;拒绝,不给;[同义]suppress;repress;hold
out
epithelialcells[n.]皮膜细胞
antibody[n.]抗体
axons[n.]神经轴突
impending[a.]迫切的;[同
义]exigent;imperious;insistent;stringent
unproven[a.]未证实的
depression[n.]沮丧,消沉;[同
义]dejection;despond;discourage;dismay;
slump
takespecialpainstodosth.不遗余力做某事;不辞辛苦
做某事;刻苦努力做某事
第21题:
Untilrecently,clinicalpessimismwassorampantthatmedicalpersonnel
oftendidnottreatspinalcordinjuriesastruemedicalemergencies?
参考答案:
初译:直到最近,临床悲观论还是很强烈,以致于医务人员常常不把脊髓损
伤当作真正的急诊来对待。/改译:直到最近,临床悲观论犹为盛行,以致于医务
人员时常不把脊髓损伤当作真正的急诊来治疗。
详细解答:
第22题:
Evenseverelyinjuredpatientsadmittedwithnovoluntarymotororsensory
functionbelowtheinjurysitetypicallyrecover8oftheirpre-injury
abilities?
参考答案:
初译:即使严重受伤的病人被诊断其受伤部位下部没有随意运动肌或感觉功
能,一般都能恢复百分之八的伤前能力。/改译:即使那些被诊断出受伤部位下
13
部没有任意运动肌或感觉功能的严重受伤的病人,他们一般也只能恢复百分之八
的伤前能力。
详细解答:
第23题:
Theseresultsjoinandreinforceevidencefromothergroups,allreporting
behavioralrecoveryinadultratswithinjuredspinalcords?
参考答案:
初译:这些结果印证并进一步证明从其他实验组里得出的结论,它们都表明
脊髓受伤的成年老鼠都有行为恢复。/改译:这些结果印证并加强了其他实验组得
出的结论,它们均可表明,脊髓受伤的成年老鼠都有行为上的恢复。
详细解答:
第24题:
Theseencouragingresultshavebeenwellpublicizedandsomehave
criticizedsuchstudiesforgivingprematurehopetothespinalinjury
community?
参考答案:
初译:这些令人鼓舞的成果已经公开发表,对此有人也加以批评说:这样的
研究过早地给予那些脊髓受伤的患者一种不成熟的希望。/改译:这些令人鼓舞的
成果已经公开发表,同时也招来了非议说:这样的研究过早地让脊髓受伤患
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