索尼的企业文化概述英文

TheculturedifferencesbetweenSonyandB&OThefocusofourcomparativeanalysisliesontwomultinationalcorporationscompetingwithinthebusinessofaudio-videoequipment.ThetwocorporationsaretheJapanesecompany,Sony,andtheDanishcompany,Bang&Olufsen(B&O).Thesetwocorporationswerechosenprimarilybecausethetwowereinthesamebusinesswhichsetsthebasisforourcomparison.Secondly,wefeelthattheJapaneseandtheDanishcultureappeartobeverydissimilar.Finally,wechosethetwobecauseoftheaccessibiliyofusefulinformationregardingthem.AsSonyandB&Oareinthesamebusiness,onecandiscusstosomedegree,thatthesetwocompaniesarecompetingforsamecustomergroups;Sonyishighvolumeorientated,whereasB&Oisusingastrategyoffocus.B&Oisdifferentiatingitselfbyofferingdistinctiveproductswithfocusondesignthatappealtohigh-scalecustomers.Althoughthetwocompaniesarenottargetingonthesamemarket,theirbusinessenvironmentissimilarintheaspectthattheybothproducehighqualityaudio-videoequipmenttargetedtotheglobalmarket.Becauseofthedistinctdifferenceinnationalbackgroundsofthetwoanddespitesomewhatdifferentmarketingstrategies,webelieveitwillbeinterestingtocomparethetwo.PowerdistanceThefirstdimensionina"natural"culture,calledPowerDistance,indicatestowhatextentthesocietyacceptsthatanorganizationsiscontrollingthepower,andtheorganizationisdistributingthispowerinitsparticularway.Thisbeliefisreflectedinthemindsofbothpowerfulaswellaslesspowerfulmembersofthesociety.Thedimensioncanbeconsideredasthedegreeofinequalityamongpeopleinacountrythatis"accepted"bythepeopleofthatspecificcountry.Thisrangesfromrelativelyequaltoextremelyunequal.Wehavechosenthefollowingexamplesasextremeexamplesofhowthemindsetofthesocietyofacountrycouldbe.Thisisassaid"theextremes,"therefore,almosteverybodyshouldfitintosomewherebetweenthetwoextremes:Table2.1:ThePowerDistanceDimension衣Small寺Powe榜rDis炉tance谣Large船Powe胁rDis聚tance蹲Super韵iors攀consi岔ders哑ubord橡inate寸sto狠bepe奴ople喜like努me.倒Super温iors刚consi驳ders擦ubord倾inate逗sto榨bea腹diffe帖rent谈kind勤ofpe第ople.朗Thep依ower耻shoul半dbe功legit少imate钓and保issu贩bject阶tot呀heju掠dgmen芝tas完towh恨ether贫iti碧sgoo遍dor拒evil.丘Power币isa伤basi层cfac秋tof歉socie竹tyth洗atan率tedat插esgo拦odor住evil严.Its姨legi廊timac色yis价irrel蝴evant补.泄Thew弯ayto姿chan锯geth美eas概ocial阻syst害emis省tor纯edist趁ribut匙epow猎er.盆Thew暮ayto喉chan犬gea纵socia尊lsys多temi袍sto匀dethr家onet恢hose钞inpo瘦wer.ThescoresforthePowerDistancedimensionarerespectively;20forDenmark’sconcern,and54forJapan.Hofstedehascategorizedtheresultsoneverydimensionsofthecountriesintothefollowingthreecategories:high,mediumandlow.Onethirdsofallthecountriesisrepresentedineachcategory.TheresultsinthePowerDistancedimensionputsDenmarkintothecategoryoflowPowerDistanceculture,althoughDenmarkisneartothecategorycalledmediuminwhichJapanispresentlyrepresented.Theproblem-formulationlistedfivehypotheses.ThehypothesesareourexpectationspertainingdifferencesintheHRMapproachofSonyandB&O.ButhowexactlywillthesedifferencesrevealthemselvesinrelationtohumanresourcemanagementintherespectivecompaniesandHofstede’sfivedimensions?OurfirsthypothesisexpectsthepowerdistanceinSonytobelargerthanthatinB&OWeassumethiswillrevealitselfbythefollowingcharacteristics:Sonyhasahigherpaydifferentialsbetweenbossandemployees.Sonyhasmoreformalrelationshipandformalcommunication.B&O’semployeesgenerallyhavemoreinformalrelationshipwiththeiremployer.IndividualismTheseconddimensionisindividualism.Itconcernsthedegreetowhichpeopleinacountryprefertoactasanindividualorasamemberofagroup.Theoppositeextremetoindividualismiscollectivism.Collectivismischaracterizedaslowindividualism.Inacollectivist-orientedcultureonelearnstorespectthegroup.Itistypicallyfamily,organization,orclanthatservesasaplatformforagroup,andonelearnstorespectthemembers.Oneexpectsagrouptoprotectthemselvesasitsmembers.Asamemberofacollectivisticculture,onedifferentiatesbetweenin-groupmembersandout-groupmembers.Incountrieswithaindividualisticculture,oneiseducatedtothinkofoneselfas"I"insteadofasapartof"we."Onelearnshowtostandonone’sownfeet,andaccordingly,feelsaverylowloyaltytothegroup.Ontheotherhand,onealsodoesn’texpectthatthegroupwillstandupforoneinretuen.TheextremesontheIndividualism-collectivismdimension,inanegotiationperspectiveisdescribedinthefollowing:Table2.2:TheIndividualismDimension络Colle扶ctivi朗st障Indiv廊idual睬istic话Frien兵dship碗are重prede吵termi湿nedb郊ysta谁bles晓ocial直rela乱tions铸hips,爬but晨there黄isn参eedf将orpr萌estig烟ewit首hint黎hese料relat拜ionsh以ips忌Then令eedi瓣sfor躺spec饲ific艘frien通dship泛"We"模consc南iousn称essh吗olds涉way渔"I"c回onsci呼ousne久ssho凡ldsw类ay灿There芹ise杜motio讽nald泼epend贱ence气ofin自divid宫ualo末norg名aniza宽tions嚷and烘insti贿tutio至n傻There腊ise肿motio师nali纺ndepe宜ndenc蛛eof安indiv苏idual凤ono股rgani枝zatio疤nsan脖dins秀titut绞ionThereisalsoadifferencebetweentheIndividualismdimension.Denmarkhasscored75onthisdimension.AsDenmarkisconsideredasa"highindividualculture,"DenmarkdifferedsomewhatfromJapanwhichonlyscored46,whichindicatedamediumcollectivisticculture.沈Inre土latio锄nto布ourh话ypoth呈esis,咬the移value保sof盗B&Oc柏ompar湿edwi酿thth谢atof乳Sony热ism姐orei桌ndivi谜duali提stic;牧wee垄xpect维foll评owing费find刑ings:毕Sony肃is,t沸oah烟igher虾exte凳nt,l贤ookin形gfor个pote答ntial蛛empl扫oyees肌with保team棉work-桨skill爱s.劈Theo存neti粘mean尺nual婶hirin钥gdon贵eby袭Sony吓creat共esa钓belon梅ging迫toa忌group洪ofa忘cert鸡aing蓝roup显year.采当Bonus茄and萌salar床yare御base厉don击senio乡rity紫andd宁epart航ment-静and尤compa档ny-pe荒rform秀ance.处纳B&O’s谈sala陷ryar隆ebas昨edon扣indi响vidua汁lper奋forma糖nce.桃Train阳ing-s福essio版nsin库Sony饮try王tocr共eate仇teamw带orkb冻yexc璃ursio详ns,p关artie酬setc猫.钢Sony巨tryt享oocc占upyt笑heir舌emplo逼yees肃inth垃eirs火pare迟time.通械Mascu葵linit篮y篮Thet饺hird另dimen符sion循isca稿lled帆mascu耍linit滨y,an损dits蝴oppo洗site偿pole堤isfe痛minin方ity,冶just岁asth血ecol必lecti添vism稠wast博heop雹posit货epol换eto么indiv敏idual萌ism.窝Thed涉imens销ione誉xplai臭nsto满what过degr列eeth跳e"to弦ugh"意value塌s(ma诱sculi粉neva匠lues)误prev汽ails抢over宽the"苏tende乞r"va徒lues僚which舞are秃assoc锡iated照with畜the志role套ofwo旷men.搞The"下tough广"/mas垦culin累ecul叙tural御valu熔esco始vers丑ucha劝reas殿asmo业ney,代asser败tiven徒ess,颈perfo怕rmanc斥e,su潮ccess艇and零compe停titio匙n.Th昏e"te岸nder"纸/femi盒nine结value坡sare忙valu防esli棋kequ鬼ality藏ofl孝ife,朵maint河ainin退gwar离mper乱sonal长rela炼tions樱hips,崇serv义ice,沉acar医efor糖the城weak,欢and港solid隶arity凭.Alt深hough遍role护sof米women暴and估mend虫iffer卡from赞coun蝶tryt勺ocou搂ntry,磁the钓mascu招line奋socie未ties篇arec吨harac弯teriz厕edby栽the崖large凳rdif傻feren奋cesb候etwee相nthe蛛role洲ofm灿enan阶dwom薄en.T虚hemo雷stre驴levan耗tand丽extr秆emep量oles迁onth眠emas铁culin来itya意reli眠sted固below静:兼Table怨2.3:拔The植Mascu迎linit动yDim虏ensio体ns托Femin厕ine筐Mascu纠line夹Sexr除oles疑inso殖ciety麻are毅more不fluid窑Sexr挥oles旱inso办ciety授are你early羽diff宰erent秩iated幕Peopl锅eand衬envi姻ronme宿ntar泳eimp脏ortan皱t监Money抄and葬thing育sare惯impo随rtant漂Ones阀ympat顿hizes兵with学the边unfor本tunat扔e恒Onea穗dmire盏the型succe员ssful植achi配ever尼Them痰argin呜betw舅eent致hesc撒ores斥for裤Denma阵rk狂and懒Japan果ont隙hema拒sculi工nity执revea祝lsa克large炎diff家erenc毕ein进relat序iont息othi占spar扣ticul武arca鹿tegor俭y.Th暗esco介reis逮17f炭or嫁Denma我rk椒,ind悦icati祸ngon乌eof盏them把ostf演emini帅neco隙untri和es,w慎herea权s张Japan只ist殊hemo卵stma猛sculi淘neco铸untry骑with购asc绢oreo墙f95.剖汪Assum犯ingt胀hatt使heva字lues美ofSo乖nyis部much涨more验masc裁uline搁comp权ared办with币that葵ofB&洲O,by戒putt循ingt伙hisi艳ntot跑hepe雹rspec蚕tive淡ofHR装M-str乞ategi蹈esit转coul丛drev放eali掠tself糠byf抽ollow鼓ing:爪Inth招eman悬ageme两ntin总B&O慨there报isa浴high历erpe吃rcent冠ageo怜fwom卧en侦Women座inS咬onya倾reno眯trec毒ievin售gthe摘same赤amou讲ntof暑trai去ning奴asth梨emal验ecou期nterp植arts.总租Women些inS扒onya浑rege晌tting抗alo牌wers芒alary胜comp予ared冻toth惜eirm扭alec怨ounte援rpart次s鞋Mena夏ndwo限mena脑repr收ovide帆din牲B&Oe尤qual岛oppor悟tunit狡iesf惭orpr样omoti发on藏Sony’巡semp值loyee促valu瓦esal阻arya洁sthe姨most送impo禁rtant腾moti昆vator钳痕Compe比titio辱nwit鲁hinS乖onyi强stou理gher翅than捐inB&吼O累Sony赖tries运toc庆reate榜amo恋reco瓶mpeti眉tive龙atmos开phere添with群inth笼ecom扬pany剩Uncer电taint喊yAvo室idanc娱e焦Thef堵ourth森dime析nsion工isl垫abele殃dunc尊ertai总ntya岸voida输nce,惊andr及efers拣tot秩heex管tent锦towh勉ichp笋eople雷pref棋erst扯ructu火redv黄again径stun填struc溪tured匆situ见ation清s.A添struc拨tured牲situ扎ation追iso沫nech徒aract槐erize会dby迈many榜rules拳,and沿ani汇ndivi浓dual否emplo亚yeea付lways爬know姿swha温the/韵shes劳hould夸beha主vean拖dwha叼tis河expec如tedo爷fhim格/her乳ina趴speci熔fics牵ituat泪ion.糟Ther夹ules油canb镰ewri挥tten符orun沫writt强en,s下imila键rto派tradi邪tions匆.The莲main元thin骨gis咽that怨indiv捧idual远sare鹿awar咽eof仰these墙rule废s.Co丙untri莫eswh捉ichs霜core弊high总onun熊certa吴inty桨avoid焦ance回have换much蓬nervo少usen饶ergy头towar膝dsth债eunk身nown.杠Coun哈tries虾whic葱hsco添relo捎won阻thed丈imens罩ionc蛇onsis化tsof锋peop沉leth避atar填echa哗racte苏rized胖asm程ore"候easy团going搭".A健weak捡uncer忠taint搭yavo丑idanc棚ecan度bec绕harac歌teriz葬edas沈more茶flex廉ible呜cultu院re.鹊Table卵2.4:忙The冶Uncer哪taint仪yAvo肉idanc溜eDim畜ensio北n我Weak古uncer滴taint滔yavo岗idanc凑e件Stron缺gunc每ertai凯ntya圈voida银nce爱Theu片ncert梢ainty苏inl摄ifei壁smor阅eeas载ilya许ccept而edan击deac盲hday咏ist网aken齐asit屯come暖s.奏Theu烦ncert乓ainty惧inhe典rent具inli矿feis吓felt愧asa侮cont俭inuou木sthr拍eatt储hatm缘ustb纠efou盾ght.慨Devia叨tion歌isno钻tcon华sider妻edth塌reate侵ning;升grea像tert胳olera泥ncei障ssho烛wn财Devia施ntpe浩rsons球and上ideas除are事dange隐rous毕;int蒙olera央nceh弱olds结sway脏There确isa晋more房will茅ingne钞ssto街take湖risk葱sin假life恶There腾isg槐reat蹄conce膝rnwi转thse帅curit透yin嚷life尿TheU短ncert腔ainty伏avoi跑dance难dime漏nsion筒indi刷cates凑ala酒rged况iffer路ence揪betwe挺en慎Denma玉rk饿and躲Japan叨,and味perh奔apsu裳ltima衫tely颜betwe茄enSo纹nyan元dB&O触.Den竟mark再isca苹tegor挺ized辈asa易lowc移ertai声ntya眼voida夜ncec侄ountr嫁y(a斤score缘of2标6)an脏d驰Japan址fall舍sund柏erth粗elab亡elof关high辈cert梯ainty糖avoi涌dance差coun月tries榆(as迅core风of92隔).始TheH港RMpo后licie反sin奴B&Oi殊sref锐lecti派nga高lower史degr帅eeof奉unce盲rtain球tyav血oidan蔽ceth根anin免Sony拖.Som剖eare绳asof峡HRM艇that职wear剑eabl活eto扰measu歼rea错lower世degr贯eeof絮unce言rtain方tyav栏oidan针cear宅e:午TheS许onye丝mploy耳eeha榨sah收igher垮exte升ntof壤guid虚ance乞durin计gtra逼ining莫.垄Sony驼check齿sthe博perf僵orman浮ceof辜thei付remp饭loyee铲more浓freq盾uentl奖y.佛B&O’s搬ETD妄isle计ftto辫the闻indiv威idual肃empl倾oyee.线苹Long-逝term仙emplo牢yment贷isr拴elati膝vely飘more庙impor她tant来fora扬nemp遭loyee筹ofS位ony脾Long舞term烘orien添tatio腰n橡Thef迫ifth透andl竿astd圾imens今ioni鸦nthe杰"ext林ended胖"fra斯mewor棚kis尿long-残term处vs.s拿hort-扁term能orien食tatio弄n.Co域untri屋eswh战ichs拿core历high巩onth按isdi丘mensi坛onva课luef伯uture脆obli党gatio象ns,a辞ndfu薯ture拦oppor膊tunit证ies.竖Thec蜓ountr床iesw龟hich临score秀low尝canb让echa敬racte洗rized盾ass局hort-魂term脑orien剖ted.驱They渡areo轮rient寨edto孟wards衬the奖prese妥ntan借dcon贼sider膨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