2020中考英语知识点复习-阅读理解

通过近几年全国各省市中考英语试题来看，我们发现“阅读

理解”题呈现出这样几个特点：①题材新颖，原汁原味，趣

味性强；②贴近生活实际，极具可读性；③反映社会热点，

富于时代气息；④题目设计巧妙，匠心独运；⑤考查能力综

合化；⑥选材广泛，信息量大。所涉及内容包罗万象，不仅

涉及生活百科，自然科学，而且也触及天文地理，寓言故事、

异域风情等。

A、阅读理解题目类型及解题方法。

1.细节理解题。

*此类题主要考察学生对相关信息的识别能力,

股在原文中熊找到，，

*出题中所设的干扰项一般与文中的观点截然相反，要

幺不符，要么未涉及「棉寸等易排除。常常是无中生有，张

冠李戴,，以偏概全太内容。

2.文章（段落）主旨大意题。

Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thewriter

thinks.

Thewriterwantstotellus_________.Themainidea

ofthepassageis.

*切忌以点代面，以偏概全。文章的首尾句及各段的首

尾句往往是探察全文内容的窗口，阅读时要学芸找出文章的

用心句。

*在阅读过程中，可通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅

读时视阈要宽，紧抓对主题句甯搜索，按意群进行阅读，避

免阅读中的出声、指读、复视、或停顿。

3、推理判断题。

此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳

等推断，需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分

析。如Fromthesecondparagraphweknow____.*在

把握全篇的基础上，细读这一段。

4、是非判断题

Whichofthefollowingis（NOT）true?Whichofthe

followingdescriptionsabout…isright?

*干扰项常常是无生生有，张冠李戴,以偏概全，扩大

内容

5.词意句意题

Whatdoestheword"…”meaninparagraph3?What

doesthesentence"…"reallymean?

Inthelastparagraph,“…"means.Whatdoesthe

underlinedwordmean?

*学会猜词

⑴根据构词法猜词义

、前缀或后缀-ful（形容词后缀），Tess（无，没有，

构成形容词），-ly（副词后缀），un-（不，展,未），dis-

，箱发，否定）re-（重新）

appeardisappear,agreedisagree,tieuntie,happy

unhappy,careful,careless,hopehopeless,

comfortableuncomfortable

⑵根据上下文猜词义

它和前后文有着必然的联系，只有把握作者的脉搏，理清

逻辑链条「才能锁定生词的含义。

(3)旧词新义现象。

如：Australiansputtheirshirt“tails“onthe

clotheslineafterwashing,becausetheyusuallyput

themintotheirtrousers,“tails”一词原意为“尾

巴”，而在此处的意思为衬衫的“

（4）依解释。

Microscopeisaninstrument(工具)thatmakessmall

nearobjectsseemslarger.Microscopemeans.*

有时我们能从生词的前后找到解释性的文字。

B、解答阅读理解题的基本步骤。

1、首先快遨|读全文(包括标题，图)，了解文章大意。

2、阅读问题，应特别注意审题。

3、带着问题细读文章，寻找重要的解题信息。叙述文重要

信息包括人物(who),事件Rhat),时间(wfTen),地点

(where),起因(why),经过(how),结果(what)等。

*遇到个别词、句不明白，应大胆跳过向下读。

4、据初步获得的信息，综合运用所学英语知识和有关文

章的各种背景知识进行信息处理，还应特别注意文章各部

分之间内在的联系和字面隐含的意思。

5、分析的基础上选定答案。

6、如果时间够用，可复读文章,验证答案。

C、阅读技巧。

1.略读法：快速阅读，了解大意，综合主题句，找出全文的

主题思想。主题句的位置一般在旬食或旬末，也有在句中的。

2.查读法：顾名思义是为查找某一特定信息而进行的阅读。

3、借助跳读找细节，借助掠读找中心。

4、全文中心体现的是各段之和。段落中心常与该段首句尾

旬相关。

5、干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏概全。

常见的干扰项：无中生有，张冠李戴,以偏概全,扩大

内容。

6、猜测词义时，一定要回到原文中，因为没有上下文就没

有词义。

7、推理判断题注意从文章作者立场出发，从短文中找答

案，而不是问你作为中学生的＞法。

8、做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子

的结构和确认词性词义。

9、注意表逻辑关系词：起承上启下的作用，表明前后文间

的联系

(1)表示先后顺序的词有：first,second,third,finally

等。

(2)表示转折意义的词有：but,yet,though,however等。

(3)表示先因果关系的词有：because,for,sothat等。

(4)forexample

10、分析长句

长句中通常含并列、复合、倒装等结构，要分清主干，先找

出句子的主谓宾,再找修饰语。

1)Shesaidthesecretistoneverputthingsoffuntil

tomorrow.

主句宾语从句

2）Environmentclubsaskstudentstobringtheirtheir

lunchesinbagsthatcanbeusedagain.

这句主干是Environmentclubsaskstudentstobring

theirtheirlunchesinbags.

thatcanbeusedagain是定语从句，修饰bags。

全句可翻译为：环保俱乐部要求学生用可再次使用的袋子来

带午饭。

3）Ididn'tquiteunderstandhowtheygotthebooks

backsoquicklyuntilIpickedupabookGrandmahad

leftoneday.

本句的主干是Ididn'tquiteunderstand…untilI

pickedupabook…（直到我捡到一本书...我才明白....）

主干是：主句+until引导的时间状语从句。

howtheygotthebooksbacksoquicky是宾语从句，作

understand的宾语。

（that）Grandmahadleftoneday是定语从句，修饰abooko

整句可翻译为：直到有一天我捡到一本奶奶落下的一本书，

我才明白他们是如何这么快地把书拿回。

A

Doyouknowwhydifferentanimalsorpests（昆虫）

havetheirspecialcolors?Colorsinthemseemtobe

usedmainlytoprotectthemselves.

Somebirdslikeeatinglocusts（蝗虫），butbirds

cannoteasilycatchthem.Why?Itisbecauselocusts

changetheircolorstogetherwiththechangeofthe

colorsofcrops.Whencropsaregreen,locustslook

green.Butastheharvesttimecomes,locustschange

tothesamebrowncolorascropshave.Someotherpests

withdifferentcolorsfromplantsareeasilyfoundand

eatenbyothers.Sotheyhavetohidethemselvesfor

livesandappearonlyatnight.

Ifyoustudytheanimallife,you'11findthemain

useofcoloringistoprotectthemselves.Bears,lions

andotheranimalsmovequietlythroughforests.They

cannotbeeasilyseenbyhunters（猎人）.Thisisbecause

theyhavethecolorsmuchlikethetrees.

Haveyouevernoticedanevenstrangeract?Akind

offishintheseacansendoutakindofveryblack

liquid（液体）whenitfacesdanger.Whiletheliquid

spreadsover（散开），itsenemies（敌人）cannotfindit.

Anditimmediatelyswimsaway.Soithas1ivedupto

nowthoughitisnotstrongatall.

1.Fromthepassagewelearnthatlocusts.

A.aresmallanimalsB.areeasilyfoundbybirds

C.aredangeroustotheirenemiesD.changetheircolors

toprotectthemselves

2.Howcanpestswithdifferentcolorsfromplantskeep

outofdanger?

A.Theyrunawayquickly.B.Theyhavethecolors

muchliketheirenemies.

C.Theyhidethemselvesbydayandappearatnight.

D.Theyhavetomovequietly.

3.Bearsandlionscankeepsafebecause.

A.theyhavethecolorsmuchlikethetreesB.theymove

quietly

C.theylikebrownandgraycolorsD.theylivein

forests

4.Whycanthekindoffishliveuptonow?

A.Becauseitisveryandstrong.

B.Becausetheliquiditsendsoutcanhelpitescape

fromitsenemies.

C.Becausetheliquiditsendsoutcankillits

enemies.D.Becauseitswimsfasterthananyotherfish.

5.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheChangeofColorsforAnimalsandPestsB.

ColorsofDifferentAnimalsandPests

C.TheMainUseofColorsforAnimalsandPestsD.

SomeAnimalsandPests

【解题思路点拨】这是一篇科技小品文。其主要内容是：

许多昆虫的颜色十分奇特，其主要用途是用来保护自己。蝗

虫身体的颜色随庄稼颜色的改变而极相应叁化，这禅就不易

被捕食它们的鸟儿发现。有的动物与周围的植物颜色差别很

明显，容易被捕食者察觉，只好夜间出来活动。更奇特的是,

有一种鱼，在遇到危险时，会喷射出黑色液体，以掩护自己

逃走。

B

It'simportanttolearnaboutprotectingour

environment.Hereisa5Rruleforus:

1.Reduce

Ifyouwanttoreducewaste,youshouldusethings

wisely（明智地）.Alargenumberoftreesarebeingcut

downtomakepaper.Ifeveryoneusesalittlepaper

carelesslyandthrowitout,soonwewouldnothaveany

treesleft.Otherthingsarealsobeingwasted,and

peopledon'tknowwhattodowiththewasteinbigcities.

Soitisnecessarytoreducethewaste.

2.Reuse

Youshouldalwaysthinkofreusingtheusable

thingsbeforethrowingthemout.Giveyourclothesyou

donotuseortheoneswhichtoosmalltothepoor.In

afamily,youmaypassonsuchclothestoyounger

brothersorsisters.

3.Recycle

Bottles,cans（罐子）andpapercaneasilybe

recycled.Bydoingsowesavelotsoftimeandmoney.

Forexample,cokecansaresenttoafactory,wherethey

aresmashedflat（压平）andmelted（融化）andthemetal

thingsaremadefornewcokecans.

4.Recover

Whenyoubuyaboxofapples,theremaybefewrotten

（腐烂的）apples,youhavetwochoices:oneistothrow

thewholeapplesaway,oryoucouldcutofftherotten

partsandusethegoodparts.Inthisway,youare

recoveringtheeatablepartsoffood.

5.Repair

Ifoneofthebegsofyourtableisbroken,youcan

repairit.Ifyouwanttochangeforbetterones,it

isbetterforyoutoselltheoldthingsorgivethem

tootherpeoplewhocanusethemafterdoingsomerepair.

ItistruethatNorthAmericaisa“throw-away“society,

butthetimehascometochangeourwayoflifesothat

wecanprotectourenvironment.Everyoneofusshould

tryourbest.

1.The“Reduce“rulemainlyrequires（要求）us

A.tousethingswiselyB.tocutdownmany

trees

C.tousealotofpaperD.tothrowawayyour

oldclothes

2.What'stherightorder（顺序）ofrecyclingcoke

cans?

a.collecttheusedcansb.meltthem

c.smashthemflatd.sendthemtoafactory

A.abcdB.adcbC.dbcaD.cabd

3.The“Recover“rulemainlyrequiresus.

A.tothrowwastethingsawayB.tocoverwaste

thingswithearth

C.togetbacktheusefulpartsD.tothrowthewhole

thingsaway

5.Whichisthebestwaytodowithyourbroken

tables?

A.Throwingthemaway.B.Requiringthem.

C.Sellingthem.D.Puttingthemaway.

【解题思路点拨】对生存在地球上的人类来说，保护环境是

非常重要的。这篇短文贴近生活，富有时代气息。全文详细

介绍了“5R”方法的具体内容和做法。对增强青少年学生的

环保意识具有十分重要的意义。C

Goodevening,ladiesandgentlemen,I'mRoy,andthis

ismyshow.Thisisatelevisionshowforallfamilies,

andIknowyou'11enjoyit.

Let'sstartwithastory.Oncetherewasaproud

pigonafarm.Hethoughthewasthemostimportant

ofal1theanimalsonthefarm.Butitwasnotenough

thathehimselfthoughtthis:hehadtobesurethat

otheranimalsthoughtit,too.Sohewentuptoachicken

andasked,“Whoisthemostimportantanimalonthe

farm?vThechickenanswered,“Youare,Mr.Pig.”

Thenheaskedadog,andhegotthesamereply.

Next,heaskedacow.Whenthecowseemed

uncertainedoftherightanswer,thepiglookedangry,

andshowedhisteeth,“Oh,youare,ofcourse,Mr.

Pig."saidthecow."Ofcourse,“thepigsaid,

“thereisnodoubtaboutit.”

Atlastthepigaskedabighorsethesamequestion.

Thehorseliftedonefoot,rolledthepigoverand

placedhisfootonthepig'shead."Ithinkyouknow

theanswernow."saidthehorse.

1.TheRoyshowis.

A.afamilyshowonTVB.forkidsonly

C.asportsshow

2.Whenthepigaskedadog,thedog.

A.saidnothingB.saidthepigwasthemostimportant

C.saidthepigwasasimportantasthehorse

3.Thehorsethoughtwasthemostimportant

onthefarm.

A.hehimselfB.thepigC.

thecow

4.Theword“uncertained“means.A.

相同的B.未确认的C.令人满意的

5.What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.ApigandacowB.AfarmC.The

mostimportantanimal

D

OneafternoonMrs.Green,shusbandwantedtocatchthe

3:30flighttoLondontohaveanimportantmeeting.She

wasverysurprisedwhenhetelephonedherat5o'clock

andsaidthathewasstillattheairport.

“Whathappenedtoyou?”askedMrs.Green.

“Well,“saidMr.Green,uEverythingwasgoing

fine.Igotmyticket,checkedmyluggageandwaited

inlineatthegate.Iwalkedacrosstherunwaytothe

airplaneandIsawmyfriendJackScott,whowasan

airplaneengineer.Ishoutedtohimandapoliceman

caughtme.”

"Whydidhecatchyou?”

“Idon,tknow,“saidMr.Green,“Assoonashe

heardmyshout,herantowardsmeandcaughtme.”

“Whatdidyoushouttoyourfriend?”

“AllIsaidwas'Hi,Jack'.Youknowthat's

theusualwaywesayhellotoourfriends.”

“Butyoudon'tknowthesentence'Hi,Jack'

alsomeanstotakecontrolofaplanebyforce（武力）.”

1.HowdidMr.GreenwanttogotoLondon?.

A.BytrainB.BybusC.By

airplane

2.WhywasMrs.Greensurprised?.

A.Becauseherhusbanddidn'tarrivedtheairport

intime

B.Becauseherhusbandwasstillattheairportat

5o'clock

C.Becauseherhusbanddidn,twanttogotoLondon

3.WhendidMr.Greengettotheairportthatafternoon?

A.Before3:30B.After3:30C.At

about5:00

4.WhatwasJackScottinthepassage?.

A.HewasapilotB.Hewasapolicemanatthe

airportC.Hewasanengineer

5.Accordingtothepassageweknow.

A.JackScottaskedMr.GreennottoflytoLondon

B.Mr.Greenwouldtakecontrolofaplanebyforce

C.ThepolicemenmistookwhatMr.Greensaid

E

AfamousforeigncompanyinChinawantedaClerkfor

itspublicrelationdepartment（公关部）.

Abeautifulgirlwithamaster5sdegree（硕士学位）

wentthroughalotofchallengesandhernamewason

thelist.Inthefinalstageshefacedaninterview

together-withanothergirl.Bothofthemwere

outstanding,notonlyinlooksbutalsoineducation.

Thegirlwassuccessfulintheinterview.Itseemed

thatshewouldgetthechance.Atlasttheexaminer

askedher,“CanyoucometotheofficenextMonday?z，

Shockedbytheunexpectedquestion,thebeautifulgirl

couldn，tmakeadecisionatthemoment,soshesaid,

〃IhavetotalkwithmyparentsbeforeIgiveananswer.

〃Theexaminerfeltsurprisedbutsaidcalmly,〃Ifso,

let5swaittillyouareready.”

Thenextday,thegirlcametotelltheexaminer

thatherparentshadagreedtoletherbeginworknext

Monday.Buttheexaminersaidregretfully（遗憾地），

“Sorry,anothersuitablecandidate（选手）hasgotthe

job.Youhadbettertryanotherplace."Thebeautiful

girlwassurprised.Sheaskedforanexplanation（解

释）andwastold,“Whatisneededhereisapersonwho

knowsherownmind.〃Thatwashowagoodopportunity

rightunderthenoseofabeautifulgirlranaway.

1.Thebeautifulgirlwantedtoaskherparentsfor

advicebecause

A.shedidn，tlikethejobB.shedidn'texpect

theexaminerwouldasksuchaquestion

C.shedidn，twanttoanswerthequestionD.her

parentswouldbeangryifshedidn'taskthem

2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat

A.thecompanylostitsbestclerkB.no

girlgotthejob

C.theothergirlwhofailedatthelastinterviewmight

getthejob

D.theexaminerwasverypleasedwiththegirl

3.Theexaminerregardedasthemost

important.

A.aperson，sconfidenceB.aperson5sknowledgeC.

aperson5sageD.aperson'sbeautifullooks

4.Theunderlinedphrase“rightunderthenoseof〃

probablymeans

A.就在鼻子下B.想要得到的C.没有把握的

D.就在眼前的

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageabovemightbe

A.MakeDecisionsWithYourParentsB.A

SuccessfulInterview

C.UseYourOwnMindD.Answer

theExaminer，sQuestionQuickly

F

Wheneverthesundroppedandtheblueskycameup,

myfatherandIusedtoclimbthemountainnearmyhouse.

Walkingtogether,myfatherandIusedtohavealot

ofconversationsthroughwhichIlearnedlessonsfrom

hisexperiences.Healwaystoldme,“Youshouldhave

goalslikeclimbingthemountain."Withoutthe

mountain-climbingthatwebothenjoyed,wecouldn,t

haveenoughtimetospendtogetherbecausemyfather

wasverybusy.Ireallygotalotfrommountain-climbing.

Itgavemetimetotalkwithmyfatherandtobeindeep

thoughtaswellasdevelopmypatience（耐力）.

Onceweclimbedaveryhighmountain.Itwasso

challengingformebecauseIwasonlytenyearsold.

Duringthefirstfewhoursofclimbing,Ienjoyedthe

flowersandtrees,andthebirds'singing,butastime

passed,Igotapaininbothofmylegs.Iwantedto

quitclimbing.Infact,Ihateditatthatmoment,but

myfathersaidtome,“Youcanalwaysseeabeautiful

skyatthetopofthemountain,butyoucan'tseeit

beforeyoureachthetop.Onlythereatthetop,can

youseeallofthenicethings,justlikeinlife.”

Atthattime,Iwastooyoungtounderstandhiswords.

Butlaterafterthat,Igotnewhopeandconfidence（信

心）.Ifoundmyselfstandingatthetopofthesky,which

wasasclearascrystal（水晶）.

1.Thepassagetellsusthatmountain-climbingwas

forFatherandSon.

A.hardB.enjoyableC.painful

D.comfortable

2.Theword"quit”inthepassagemeans"

A.carryonB.putoffC.giveupD.

pickup

3.Whichofthefollowingissimilarinmeaningtothe

fatherJswordsinthesecondparagraph?

A.Youwillgetallyouneedatthetopofthemountain.

B.Theskyisalwaysasclearascrystal.

C.Youcanfindlifeisfullofnicethings.

D.Nevergiveuphalf-way.

4.Wecaninfer（推断）fromthelastparagraphthat

A.thewriterwasverysuccessfulinhislife

B.thewriterdidn,treachthetopofthemountain

C.thoughthewriterwasyoung,hecouldunderstand

hisfather

D.thewriterusedtostophalf-waywhenheclimbed

themountain

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis"”.

A.ReachingtheTopoftheMountainB.

EnjoytheBeautifulViews

C.ConversationsbetweenFatherandSonD.

FatherandI

G

HavingFun“Growing”and"Stealing”?

Recently,anInternetgamehasbecomeanewfashion

amongyoungofficeworkersandstudents.Peoplecan

“farm”onapieceof“land"andugrow，?,“sell"

oreven^stealn“vegetables","flowers",and''fruits，zon

theNet,Theycanearnsomee-moneyandbuymore“seeds”.

“pets”andeven“houses”.

Joyceinterviewedsomeyoungpeople.Hereare

theiropinions.

Harold：Idon'tquiteunderstnddwhytheyaresomad

aboutthechildishgame,Maybetheyarejustnot

confidentenoughtofacetherealworld.

Allan：Ienjoyputtingsome"bugs"inmyfriends'

gardensandwe'vebecomecloserbecauseofthe

game.Havingfuntogetheristhemostexcitingthing

aboutit.

Laura：Youknow,peopleinthecityarelongingfor（渴

望）thelifeintheceotmtryside.Itreducesmywork

pressure（压力）；besides,itgivesmetheexciting

exoerinceofbeinga“thief”.

Ivy：Well,it'sjustawasteoftime.Teenagers

playingthegamespendsomanyhoursonitthatthey

cannotfocuson（专注于）theirstudy.

41.Accordingtothepassage,peoplecan't

thingsinthisgame.

A.growB,borrowC.

stealD.sell

42.AmongthepeopleJoyceinterviewed,likesthe

gamewhiledislikesthegame.

A.Laura,AllanB.Allan

HaroldC.Harold,IvyD.Ivy,Allan

43.FromLauraJswords.wecanguessthatshe,smost

probably__________

A.astudentB.anofficeworkerC.a

farmerD.athief

44.WhichisNOTthereasonwhypeoplelikethegame?

A.Theyarelongingforcountrylife.B.Theycanhave

funwithfriends.

C.Thegamecanrelaxpeopleandgivethemanew

experience.

D.Theyareconfidentenoughtofacetherealworld.

45.Wherecanyoufindthispassage?

A.Inacarmagazine.B.Inan

advenisement.C.Ina

newspaperD-Inasciencebook

H

Oneofthemostfamomscientiststostudy

adaptations（适应能力）wasCharlesDarwin（达尔文）.He

wasborninEnglandin1809.Hewasn,tt