2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题(解析版)

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷）

英语

本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生

号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡

相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角”条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听

力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。

2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的

答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在

试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指

定区域内相应位置上;如高改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不

准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。

第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatwillthespeakersdonext?

A.Checkthemap.

B.Leavetherestaurant.

C.Parkthecar.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:Wehavetofindaparkingspace.Let'sdrivearoundtheblockonemoretime.Did

yousaytherestauranthasnooff-streetparkingatall?

W:None.Icheckedit.Look,thereisaspace!

2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Wherearethespeakers?

A.Atabusstop.B.Athome.C.Attheairport.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Youhavetogonow,Judy,oryou'llmissyourflight.Wsanhour'sdrivetothe

airport.

W:I'mleaving.Don'tforgettowatermyflowers.Justaminute.Whereismyticket,Dad?

3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatdidthespeakersdolastweek?

A.Theyhadacelebrationdinner.

B.Theywenttoseeanewbornbaby.

C.Theysentamailtotheirneighbors.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Laura,what'sinthemailbox?

W:It'sathank-younotefromourneighbour.Theythankusforvisitingthemlastweekwhenthe

babywasborn.TheyalsoinviteustohavedinnernextFriday.

M:Aretheybackhomenow?

W:Shouldbe.

4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?

A.Tocancelaweekendtrip.

B.Tomakeanappointment.

C.lbgetsomeinformation.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Goodafternoon,PaperMuseum.

M:Hello.CouldyoutellmeyouropeninghoursforSaturday?

W:Yeah.We'reopenfromteninthemorningtofiveintheafternoon.

M:Thanks.

5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttodo?

A.Dosomeexercise.

B.Getanextrakey.

C.Orderroomservice.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Excuseme,whereisthehotelgym,please?

W:It'sonthetopfloorYoucantaketheliftoverthere.

M:DoIhavetopayextra?

W:No,sir,youjustneedtotakeyourroomkeywithyou.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、

B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个

小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或

独自读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?

A.Toaskforpermission.

B.Toextendaninvitation.

C.Toexpressthanks.

7.Whenarethestudentsgoingtothemuseum?

A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.

【答案】6.A7.B

【解析】

【原文】W:Mr.Wilson,studentsfromClass2wanttovisitthehistorymuseum.Willitbeall

rightifItakethemtherethisweekend?

M:Howabouttheirrevisiontest?Aretheythroughwithit?

W:Yes,theyare.

M:Inthatcase,youcangoahead.Trytofinishitwithinoneday,sothatthestudentsstillhavea

wholedaytorestonSunday.

W:Allright.Tilmanage.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Buyinggroceries.

B.Choosinggifts.

C.Seeingfriends.

9.WhoisClara?

A.Theman'swife.

B.Theman'ssister.

C.Theman'sdaughter.

10.Howmuchdidthemanspendonthecitypasses?

A.$36.B.$50.C.$150.

【答案】8.B9.C10.C

【解析】

［原文］M:Hi,Linda.Fancyseeingyouhere.Howlonghaveyoubeenshopping?

W:Almostanhour.Ihavealottobuy.MydaughterMelissa'sbirthdayiscoming.Pmtryingto

getheragoodgift,butIdon'tknowwhattochoose.Sheseemstohaveeverythingsheloves.

M:Yeah,thesameasClara.We'vealreadyhadbagsoftoysshe'snolongerplayingwith.Sothis

year,wedidn'tbuyhermaterialthings.Wegaveheranexperiencegift.

W:Whafsthat?

M:Acitypass,withwhichshecanvisit12differentattractions,includingthenationalhistory

museum,thesciencemuseum,thezoo,andmore.

W:Howmuchisit?

M:Fiftydollarsperperson,forayear-longpass.Iboughtthreeforthewholefamily.

W:Soyoucanhaveadifferentoutingeverymonthfortheentireyear.Whatagreatidea!

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11.WhydidTracybringdogstothechildren?

A.Toteachthemtoloveanimals.

B.lbhelpthemgainconfidence

C.Toprotectthemfromdangers.

12.WhatisKevin'sconcernaboutthedog?

A.Theymaymisbehave.

B.Theymaygethurt.

C.Theymaycarrydiseases.

13.WhatwillHelendotomorrowmorning?

A.Giveatalk.

B.Meetthechildren.

C.Takesomephotos.

【答案】11.B12.A13.A

【解析】

【原文】M:Helen,busydoinganything?

W:OhKevin,Tmpreparingapresentationforthecitylibrary.It'saboutagirlnamedTracy

Woods.

M:What'sspecialabouther?

W:Itwasanamazingstory.Shebroughtspecially-traineddogstospecialeducationschoolsand

helpedchildrentobuildconfidence.Shebelievesthatdogscanhelpchildreninwayswecan't.

Dogsdon'tjudge,andtheydon'tcarewhoyouareorwhatyoulooklike.

M:Butputtingdogsintoaschool?Aren'ttheygoingtomessuptheschool?

W:Don'tworry.Allthedogsareassessedandtrainedproperly.Therearenow40dogsworking

withchildrenagedfrom6to18.

M:Ihopethechildrenlovethem.

W:Ofcoursetheydo.Tvegotsomepictures.Tilshowthematmypresentationtomorrow

morning.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Attendingalecture.

B.Hostingaworkshop.

C.Conductinganinterview.

15.WhyisEmilydoingunpaidworkinthenewseasonoftheshow?

A.Tofollowthelatesttrend.

B.Tohelpraisethecrew'spay.

C.Tosupportthepost-production.

16.WhatenablesEmilytotrydifferentthingsinherfield?

A.Hercollegeeducation.

B.Herteachingexperience.

C.Herfamilytradition.

17.WhatdoesEmilythinkofherworkattheFilmCentre?

A.Boring.B.Rewarding.C.Demanding

【答案】14.C15.C16.A17.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Emily,thankyoufortakingtimeoutofyourbusyscheduletoanswerafew

questions.

W:It'smypleasure.

M:Peoplesayyou'redoingunpaidworkinthenewseasonofMyFairLady.Isthiswhattheshow

businesshasbecome?

W:No,notreally.Allofmyactinginthenewseasonisunpaid.Butthecrewispaid.Thisisto

raisemoneyforthepost-productionoftheshow.

M:Inoticeyou'retriedmanydifferentkindsofthings:film,TV,andeventheater.

W:Yeah,that'showIwastrainedatuniversity.Iworkonanythingthatexcitesme.

M:TellusaboutthesixmonthsyourecentlyspentattheworkshopoftheFilmCenter.

W:Itwasanunbelievableexperience,teachingyoungactorsandactresses,andworkingwith

somegreatactingartists.Itwasalsogreattoworkinvariouslabs,suchasdirectors,writersandso

on.It'sveryhelpfulformakingyouareallywell-roundedandactivememberofthefilmand

televisionindustry.

M:Thankyouverymuch,Emily.Welookforwardtoyournewseason.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

18.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?

A.Sportsclubmembers.

B.Internationaltourists.

C.Universitystudents.

19.WheredidEmmaworkforarugbyteam?

A.InManchester.B.InDublin.C.InVancouver.

20.WhatcanbeachallengetoEmma'swork?

A.Competitioninthehealthcareindustry.

B.Discriminationagainstfemalescientists.

C.Influenceofmisinformationonthepublic.

【答案】18.A19.B20.C

【解析】

［原文】W:Hi,everyone.Thisisthemonthlymeetingofourclub.We'vebeenfortunatetohave

gotgoodadvicefromsomefamousathletesonhowtoimproveourskillsandbuildupourbody.

Today,we'llhearsomethingdifferent.We'rehonoredtohaveEmmaWilsonhere.Emmaisa

healthexpertandlecturerfromUBC,theUniversityofBritishColumbia.Emmaworkedfora

footballteaminManchester,thenforaverysuccessfulrugbyteaminDublin,andfinallyendedup

workinghereinVancouver.Emmasaysit'schallengingtobeahealthexpert,becausepeoplecan

beeasilyinfluencedbyadvertisementsthatlackscientificsupport.Also,peoplearen'twillingto

changetheirviewsaboutfoodandnutritionasthereissomuchconfusinginformationonline.Ifs

reallyimportanttohearwhatexpertssay,andthat'swhywe'veinvitedEmmahere.Sheisn't

goingtotellusabouteverythingweshouldeat.But,shewillteachustomakebetterchoices.Lefs

welcomeEmmaWilson.

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.

Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay

I=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.

GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.Allthe

assignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningand

coursemanagementsystem.

DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-

classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'

lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimeto

timeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedat

home,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperiodit

islate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignments

notcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsence

willbeaccepted.

21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan.D.An

academicarticle.

22.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.

【答案】21.C22.B23.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。

[21题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章标题l,GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文学概论课程评

分办法)“和Essays(60%)部分"Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartof

Ihegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)“可知，文章

介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据黑体小标题"Essays(60%)"、aGroupAssignments(30%)和“Daily

Work/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)w可知，学生的最终成绩由3

部分组成。故选B项。

【23题详解】

推理判断题。根据"LateWork"部分"Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,it

willearnazero”如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止

日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。

【点睛】

B

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wasto

makeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Then

friendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,the

arugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;Icouldhavemadesix

saladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthe

moralgrain,asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It9sjaw-droppinghowmuch

perfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from"ugly"(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedby

grocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.

Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,t4iffoodwastewerea

country,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,lefskeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmy

refrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bones

ofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitchenin

Washington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecovered

morethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)

producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,

cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartin

reducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingor

byaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,"Curtinsays.

24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyat

times.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat,D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwasting

food.

25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

26.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

27.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

【答案】24.B25.B26.D27.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC

中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。

【24题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoesto

waste.（像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物）”及“Butasdayspassed,the

arugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesix

saladswithwhatIthrewout.（但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索

地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉）”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事

来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段"Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother,

resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact.Roytewrites,

“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesinthe

world.”（生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成

为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三

大温室气体排放国。“）”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。

故选B。

【26题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.

D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan

807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）produce,that

otherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreeze

ordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.（科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公

司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收

回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、

切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用）”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食

物重新制作食物。故选D。

【27题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中的""Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynot

purchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,"Curtinsays.（"每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，

无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷

说）”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。

【点睛】

C

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookafterto

stopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimprove

elderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aserious

illnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewhere

hensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"Iusedtokeep

henswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwentto

school.”

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensout

anddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.”

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfbcus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethe

hensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Tmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,andit

feelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,and

thecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkonthe

project,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Weare

lookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:t4Wearehappytobetakingpartinthe

project.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.^^

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes,B.Toprovidepart-timejobsforthe

aged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch,D.Topromotetheelderlypeople's

welfare.

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills,B.Shehasgainedasenseof

achievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory,D.Shehasdevelopedastrong

personality.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon”meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.

Evaluate.

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。

【28题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）to

reducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing（该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，

旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况）”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸

福。故选D。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第五段""It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringing

theirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthe

creativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful（有不同的关注点很好。人

们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一

些有用的事情的感觉很好）”可推知，RuthXavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。

【30题详解】

词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段uResidentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe

creativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.（居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来

好处和乐趣）”以及划线处前的“oneofthefirst（第一批人之一）”可知WendyWilson是着手

这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin（开始）”含义相近。故选C。

[31题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段uResidentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe

creativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.（居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来

好处和乐趣）”以及最后一段"LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Weare

happytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughashared

interestandcreativeactivities."（"诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩,刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与

这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来）”可知，该项

目的反响很好。故选A。

【点睛】

D

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"to

therareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommon

thanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteled

tonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchas"f'and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,

hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned

（对齐），makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构）,makingiteasiertoproduce

suchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagriculture

intheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodo

asmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesound

ofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof'and'""increasingremarkably

duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhen

humanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyof

speechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiological

changeandculturalevolution,44saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Its

development.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtocultural

diversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhuman

beings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【解析】

【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中

发现了新的语音。

【32题详解】

细节理解题o根据文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnoted

thatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas'f'andweremorecommoninthelanguages

ofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversity

ofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（30多年前,学者Charles

Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“3和\”,在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。

现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的DamianBlasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和

原因。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。

【33题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancient

humanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedby

touchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,making

iteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难

产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颗变成了覆盖咬合

结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颗结构使他们很难发出唇齿

音。故选C项。

【34题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第五段中的"Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasa

globalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'and

'""increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundin

thelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器

时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，”『和"v”的使用显著

增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过

列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。

【35题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarily

remainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeech

soundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchange

andculturalevolution,"saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小组成员

StevenMoran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的

各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。“）”可知，StevenMoran认为

语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。

【点睛】

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有

两项为多余选项。

FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkout

Partner.^^Onereasonwas:"You'Hactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthe

gym,“whileanotherread:"36"Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtraining

effortasthereisasubtle（微妙）competition.

So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?

Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.37Ordoyoujustwanttobe

physicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldlike

todowithyourworkoutpartner.

Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobably

won'tresultinausefillresponse.38Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmust

belongto