牛人整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语

英

文

论

文

写

作

常

用

词

汇

和

短

语这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语，希望大家也能用得上：差别gapsbetween,differentiatebetween,，nointergroupdifferenceNostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinsurvivalwerefoundforMMCorMPMA.AlthoughMMCandMPMAincreasingnucleargradeandTNMstage,thisdifferenceachievestatisticalsignificance.存在，出现occurred,occurrence,existed,existence,presence,present多数，少数overwhelmingmajorityof,themajorityofcasesmarkedmajority,handful方法approaches,avenues,methods,techniques,means,tools发生率Incidence,frequency,prevalenceIncontrastwithregionshighincidence,themutationspectrumdidnotshowahighprevalenceofmutationsatbasepairs.发现，阐明，报道，证实verify,confirm,elucidate,identify,define,

characterize,establish,ascertain,explain,observe,illuminate,illustratedemonstrate,show,presented,reveal,display,manifestsuggest,propose,estimate,prove,imply,disclosereport,describe，facilitatetheidentificationof，screening，isolation改变change,alteration,高，增加high,enhanced,elevated,increased,forced各种，多种inmultipletypesofneoplasia,invarioustypesofapoptosis,inatumors关系，相关，参与closelyinvolvedin,associated,广泛的inanextensivesurvey进行conducte，perform,carryout,降，少，缺decrease,reduction,reduced,diminish,loss,suppression,deficient,low,weak,faint,light,absence,absent,undetectable,lack,defective,negative,poor,impaired,greatlyreducedorcompletelyabsent,frequentlylostordown-expressed,presenteddiscontinuousandweakerexpression,completelywasdetectableordramaticallyreduced,faint,undetectableorbarelydetectable,noexpressionwasfound,角色，起作用role,part（limited,potential,possible

antiapoptoticfunctions可能性feasibility密切地intimately难理解的，似谜的enigmatic(xenigmatic)潜在假定的potential,candidate,putative,缩写abbreviations识别，辨别discernment事件Metastasisliveriscommoninoncology.aputativetumorinitiatingeventa(more,extremely,highly,rather,fairly)commoninitial,acommoneventinthesignaltransductionmechanismsof,inthesignaltransductionprocessesacommoneventassociatedwiththeofacommonearlyeventresponsesof,afterhigh-dosechemotherapyacommoneventfollowinggestationalexposureimmunotoxicants

acommonevent（thatoccurs）duringapoptosisis…acommoneventduringoncogenictransformation,inneoplastictransformationthatdirectlyindirectlyinvolvesactivationofspecifictyrosinesignalingpathwaysacommoneventthroughwhichacommoneventinvivoarathercommonofunknownbiologicalsignificanceacommoneventresultingfromheterogeneousaberrationsacommoneventregardlessofhistologicalsubtyping,butdoesnotpejorativesignificanceacommoneventcontributingtoarare,common,prerequisite,central,major,transient,initiation,stressful,critical,crucial,secondary,independent,regulatory,early,earlier,late,later,subsequent,circumstantial,untoward,upstream,irreversible,frequentevent提供，帮助provide,help(to),contributeto,offer,allow,devote,assistin调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation,dys-regulation,up-regulation,

up-expression,over-expression,down-expression,down-regulation,推测presume,speculate,confer,conjecture,guess,deduce推论无所不在地表，如MEN1)ubiquitously显着优先的prominent,pronounced,obvious,marked,predominant,strong,striking,notable,Conspicuously,remarkably，significant,preferential,prevalence,prevalent,相关性related,relevant，therelevancenointergroupdifference，irrespectiveofTherenosignificantcorrelationtogender,age,clinicalsymptoms,histology,TNTNMstage,ortumorlocation.NeithereNOSnornNOSexpressionassociatedvasculardensity,tumorgradeortheTNMstatusthetumors.Nocorrelationswerefoundandage,menopausalstatus,orpTNM,histology,SBRgradingorsteroidreceptors.wedidnotfindanycorrelationbetweenbaxexpressionandanyclinicopathologicparameters(sex,age,TNMstatus,tumorgrade,

histologicaltype).相同，同等并列ThecoordinatedinductionofthreeFOXO3atargetspromptedtoexaminethestatusofFOXO3awithapatternto协同，加强synergize研究analysis,survey,study,research,investigation,experiments,trial,observations,assessment,inquiry,examinationsinvestigationinto,analyze,determinate,befocusedon,examine,test,assess,evaluate,explore,一致whichisaccordthewhichcorroboratedtheresultswhichsupportedtheresults优缺点meritsanddrawbacks，beneficialanddetrimental异常aberration,abnormality

重要crucial,key,important,major,becriticalimportance相反Oncontrary,Incontrary,butquiteoncontraryinsharpcontrast,contrarytowhatwouldbeexpectedContrarytotheexpectationthatContrarytopreviousbeliefs,Contrarytothehypothesis,Contrarytocurrentpopular